A note to the article “polarographic reduction of germanium” by A.K. Dasgupta and C.K.N. Nair

The nature of the two reduction waves of tetravalent germanium in ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer is described. Contrary to the statement of dasgup'ta and NAIR1 only the height of the first diffusion current should be used for analytical purposes. The second wave corresponds to a catalytic hydrogen evolution. The use of cthylenediaminetetra-acetic acid of pH 6–8 for the analysis of germanium is preferable².     

Diferenciación de algunas diazinas

Résumé On décrit l'emploi d'une solution à 2% de phosphomolybdate comme réactif pour l'identification et la séparation de la pipérazine, de la pyrazine, de la pyridazine et de la pyrimidine par microcristallisations. Les produits de réaction obtenus rendent possibles la caractérisation et la séparation des diazines, d'après la forme et la couleur ainsi que la sensibilité de la réaction.

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Summary The use of 2% phosphomolydic solution for the identification and differentiation of piperazine, pyrazine, pyridazine, and pyrimidine through microcrystal precipitations is described. The products obtained permit the characterization and differentiation of the diazines by form and color or by the sensitivity of the reaction.

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Zusammenfassung Die Anwendung 2%iger Phosphormolybdänsäurelösung als Reagens zur Identifizierung und Unterscheidung von Piperazin, Pyrazin, Pyridazin und Pyrimidin durch Mikrokristallfällungen wird beschrieben. Die erhaltenen Reaktionsprodukte ermöglichen die Charakterisierung und Unterscheidung der Diazine nach Form und Farbe bzw. Empfindlichkeit der Reaktion.

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Resumen Se describe el uso del ácido fosfomolibdico en solutión al 2% como reactivo para caracterizar y diferenciar a la piperacina, pirazina, piridazina y pirimidina, desde el punto de vista microcristalino, por proporcionar reacciones que por sus formas, cromatismo y sensibilidades, permiten caracterizar y diferenciar a las diazinas en estudio.

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Dedicado a la ocasión del centésimo aniversario del nacimiento deFriedrich Emich.     

Investigación toxicológica de microcantidades de barbitúricos

Resumen Se ha estudiado la investigación cualitativa de microcantidades de barbitúricos en materiales biológicos. Se propone una técnica basada en la extracción de estos compuestos con metanol, purificación del extracto por ascenso capilarimétrico en papel de filtro y reconocimiento mediante la reacción deParri yKoppanyi. Se consideran las interferencias y las condiciones particulares del trabajo sobre vísceras, sangre y orina. El límite de identificacíon de la técnica llega a 10g y representa un método económico en cuanto a tiempo y material.

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Summary A study was made of the qualitative detection of micro amounts of barbiturates in biological materials. A procedure is suggested based on extraction of these compounds with methanol, followed by purification of the extract by ascending paper chromatography, and identification with the aid of theParri andKoppanyi reaction. The interferences and the special conditions of applying the test to viscera, blood, and urine were studied. The identification limits of the procedure is 10g. The method saves time and material.

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Zusammenfassung Der qualitative Nachweis von Mikromengen von Barbituraten in biologischem Material wurde studiert. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine Arbeitstechnik vorgeschlagen, die auf der Extraktion dieser Verbindungen mit Methanol, der nachfolgenden Reinigung des Extraktes durch aufsteigende Papierchromatographie und Identifizierung mit Hilfe der Reaktion nachParri undKoppanyi beruht. Störende Einflüsse und die besonderen Bedingungen der Anwendung der Methode auf Eingeweide, Blut und Harn wurden untersucht. Die Erfassungsgrenze des beschriebenen Verfahrens erreicht 10 g. Es ermöglicht Zeit- und Materialersparnis.

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Résumé Etude de l'identification qualitative de microquantités de barbituriques dans les milieux biologiques. A cette fin on recommande une technique opératoire qui comporte une extraction de ces composés dans le méthanol, une purification consécutive de l'extrait par chromatographie ascendante sur papier et une identification par la réaction deParri etKoppanyi. On a étudié les influences gênantes ainsi que les conditions particulières d'emploi de la méthode pour les viscères, le sang et l'urine. Sa limite de sensibilité est de 10g; elle permet d'épargner du temps et du matériel.

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Presentado al III Congreso Panamericano de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Sao Paulo, Brasil, XII, 1954.     

La Reacción Hidroestricnica en Escala Micro

Résumé La réaction d'identification de la strychnine deMalaquin etDenigès a été transformée en technique microanalytique permettant de déceler 0,02g de cet alcaloïde.

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Summary The reaction ofMalaquin andDenigès for strychnine was converted into a microprocedure allowing the detection of 0.02g of this alkaloid.

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Zusammenfassung Die Strychninprobe vonMalaquin undDenigès wurde zu einem Mikronachweis umgestaltet, der noch 0,02g dieses Alkaloides nachzuweisen gestattet.

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Trabajo presentado en homenaje al prof.H. Lieb.     

Heavy group 14 1,(n+2)-dimetallabicyclo[n.n.n]alkanes and 1,(n+2)-dimetalla[n.n.n]propellanes: are they all realistic synthetic targets?

[n.n.n]Propellanes and bicyclo[n.n.n]alkanes (1相似文献   

Efficient access to β- and γ-carbolines from a common starting material by sequential site-selective Pd-catalyzed C–C,C–N coupling reactions

Two efficient and practical approaches are reported for the synthesis of β- and γ-carboline derivatives from 3,4-dibromopyridine as a common starting material. The β-carbolines were prepared by site-selective Pd-catalyzed C–C coupling with o-bromophenylboronic acid and subsequent cyclization by double C–N coupling with amines. γ-Carbolines were prepared from the same starting material by C–N coupling with anilines and subsequent annulation by domino C–C/C–N coupling with o-bromophenylboronic acid.     

On the study by D.S.C. of the unexpected ice melting at 0°C of emulsified aqueous saline solutions

Firstly, the behavior of droplets (Φ ≈ 1μm) of aqueous saline solutions dispersed within an emulsifying medium and subjected to steady cooling and heating is described. Droplets undergo freezing around a temperature T¹(x) and partial ice melting and total salt melting at the eutectic temperature T_E. This melting is followed by progressive melting of the remaining ice which ceases when the equilibrium temperature (T_e(x)) ice ⇆ solution is reached. Between T_e and T¹ the droplets are undercooled. Secondly, the results obtained when water crystallization occurs versus time at a fixed temperature _C, such as T¹(x) < > _C < T_e(x) are reported. During heating following crystallization at Θ_C, an unusual ice melting at 0° and/or ice melting ending at T & >; T_e(x) is noticed on the thermogram obtained by differential scanning calorimetry of the emulsion. This shows that pure ice or at all events less concentrated solutions must be present within the emulsion. A possible mechanism of crystallization at Θ_C is proposed.