青年化学教师应重视吸引本科同学参与科研工作 ——成都师范学院青年教师邓国伟博士谈科研与本科生培养

正有机π共轭分子因其特殊的结构、光谱性质和电化学性质等被广泛应用于有机太阳能电池、信息存储材料、传感和非线性光学材料等领域。其中,具有D-π-A结构(D为电子给体,A为电子受体)的发色团分子具有较大的微观一阶超极化率(β),是构筑有机电光材料的重要基团。对发     

若干有机共轭分子二阶非线性光学系数和结构的关系

利用CNDO/S-CI程序计算了四类结构近似的有机共轭分子的二阶非线性光学系数,系统地研究了分子结构、共轭链链长、取代基的电子性质、取代位置等对有机共轭大分子二阶非线性光学性质的影响。研究结果表明,四类化合物的二阶非线性光学性质与其分子结构有着密切的关系。     

半花菁衍生物分子非线性光学性质的理论研究

采用有限场(FF)/PM3方法对半花菁衍生物的第一超极化率和分子前线轨道性质进行了计算.结果表明,半花菁衍生物分子的第一超极化率主要与D-π-A结构有关,σ-烷基链对分子第一超极化率的影响很小,并且分子第一超极化率与分子前线轨道HOMO和LUMO能级差ΔEHL呈较好的线性关系.     

以苯等芳香环桥联的1,3-二硫杂环戊二烯衍生物的NLO性质

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP/6-31G*优化一系列以芳环为桥联基团,1,3-二硫杂环戊二烯为供电子基团,丙二氰为吸电子基团的D-π-A型分子的几何结构,在此基础上对分子的极化率和第一超极化率进行计算.结果分析表明,桥联苯环数的增加,供电子基团(—OCH3)的引入及共轭桥的增长对分子的几何构型影响很小,但能使分子的二阶非线性光学(NLO)系数增加,且分子的最大吸收波长发生红移.甲氧基的引入或共轭桥的增长,分子的前线分子轨道能级差减小,TD-DFT计算表明分子深层占有轨道与空轨道之间的电子跃迁对二阶NLO效应也有较明显贡献.     

“推拉”型Schiff碱染料LB膜二阶非线性光学性质的研究

具有非线性光学性质（NLO）的“推拉”型结构分子由于在光学通讯、电光器件和激光扫描等光电子领域中具有潜在的应用价值,近十几年已被广泛研究。这类分子的典型结构为D－π-A（D为电子给体,A为电子受体,π为共轭体系）,容易发生分子内的电荷转移而具有大的分子超极化率,有机分子的结构与二阶非线性光学性质（SHG）的相关性在理论和实验方面已有研究,但不同取代位置的电子受体对SHG垢影响的报道则较少。     

二芳基氨(硼)-π-碳硼烷三元化合物的二阶非线性光学性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法对二芳基氨(硼)-π-十二顶点碳硼烷三元化合物的结构及二阶非线性光学(NLO)性质进行计算.结果表明,化合物共轭桥长度及二芳基氨(硼)对化合物偶极矩的影响较小.随着分子共轭桥的增长,分子的电子空间范围R2增大,从而使极化率和第一超极化率增大.通过分析化合物的电子光谱和对应的分子轨道组成可知,分子中电荷转移主要发生在二芳基氨(硼)和π-桥之间,碳硼烷的贡献较少.二芳基氨和二芳基硼的供电子能力差异可以调节分子的二阶NLO响应.     

巴比妥酸系列衍生物第一超级化率的理论研究及分子设计

在ＺＩＮＤＯ方法基础上,按完全态求和（ＳＯＳ）公式编制程序并计算了第一超极化率β,研究了巴比妥酸系列衍生物分子的结构,光谱和第一超级化率β（－２ω,ω,ω）,β（０,０,０）,考察了给体、桥和受体的变化、Ｄ－π－Ａ结构及Ｄ－Ａ－Ｄ结构和Ｄ－Ａ结构对β的影响,设计了一系列有实际应用价值的热稳定性好,具有优良非线性光学性质的分子。     

共轭效应对有机反应的影响

共轭效应是共轭体系分子内的原子或原子团间的相互影响。与诱导效应一样也属于电子效应。所不同的是共轭效应的强弱只取决于共轭体系的化学结构,不会因共轭链的增长而削弱。它包括兀π-π、p-π共轭效应和σ-π、σ-p超共轭效应,其相对强弱为:π-π>p-π>>σ-π>σ-p。共轭效应通常通过影响反应物、中间体和产物的稳定性而对有机反应产生影响。     

共轭多烯分子极化率的量子化学研究

用引入外电场微扰的cNDO/2法计算了共轭多烯分子各种异构体的全价电子及π体系的极化率;讨论了影响共轭多烯电子极化率的诸因素及其变化规律,并对比了己三烯2种异构体的电子极化率,解释了它们有关物理化学性质间的差异。     

具有电子给-受体结构的二茂铁衍生物的分子二阶非线性极化率

本文采用电场诱导二次谐波(EFISH)方法对所合成的10个金属有机分子的二阶非线性极化率进行了测试。这10个化合物是具有电子给体-受体共轭结构的二茂铁衍生物, 它们的非线性极化率大多未见报道。本文系统地研究了分子的给体-受体强度、共轭长度、共轭体系及共平面性等结构因素与分子二阶非线性极化率的关系。     

Structural information from integrated infrared intensities of some alcohols with a triple bond

It appears that the integrated intensity (A_OH) of α- and β-ethynyl alcohols is evidently larger than the A_OH-values of the saturated ones. The increase is the result of intramolecular H-bonding with the π-system. All α-ethynyl alcohols have virtually the same A_OH-value which is attributed to the absence of the trans H⋯oxygen-lone-pair interaction. Two conformers are present in β-ethynyl alcohols, an intramolecular bridged and unbridged conformer. The ratio of these conformers can be determined from the overall A_OH-value with the help of peak substraction and a natural (saturated) standard. The frequencies of ethynyl and saturated alcohols show some overlap whereas the A_OH-values are clearly different. It follows that the integrated intensity is a better parameter for the distinction of these compounds than ν_OH.     

Effect of Solvents on the Spectra of Some β-Diketones

Acetoacetanilide, benzoylacetanilide and their derivatives have been examined in ultraviolet region in a series of solvents covering a broad polarity range e. e. from chloroform (Z, 63.2) to methanol (Z .83.6). Transition energies and oscillator strengths have been calculated and transition energy (E_T) has been plotted against Z-values, a new empirical measurement of solvent polarity. A linear relationship was observed between the transition energy and Z-values for π → π* and n → π* transitions. These transitions are identified as charge transfer (c-t) transitions and with the solvents having carbonyl oxygen and sulphur atom a c-t complex formation has been suggested. Strong electron-donating substituents on phenyl group of the nitrogen atom also showed a weak to moderate n → π* transitions. These substituents have no influence on the position of the λ_max in the same solvent. Stabilization energy of the excited state of these ligands and hence the dipole moments of the excited states have been calculated in comparison with pyridinium iodide. Solvent sensitivities of these ligands have also been calculated.     

Temperature dependence of resonance Raman spectra of carotenoids

To understand the mechanism of the photoprotective and antioxidative functions of carotenoids, it is essential to have a profound knowledge of their excited electronic and vibronic states. In the present study we investigate the most powerful antioxidants: β-carotene and lutein by means of resonance Raman spectroscopy. The aim was to study in detail their Raman spectra in solution at room temperature and their changes as a function of temperature. To measure the spectra in their natural environment pyridine has been used as a solvent. It has been chosen because of its polarizability (n=1.5092) which is close to that of membrane lipids and proteins. The temperature dependence of the most intensive ν(1) band in the range from 77 K to 295 K at 514.5 nm excitation has been obtained. It was found that in pyridine the CC stretching frequency, its intensity, line shape, and line width are very sensitive to the temperature (the sensitivity being different for the two studied carotenoids). The observed linear temperature dependence of the CC stretching frequency is explained by a mechanism involving changes of the vibronic coupling and the extent of π-electron delocalization. The different behavior of the temperature-induced broadening of the ν(1) band and its intensity for the two studied carotenoids can be associated with the different nature of their solid matrices: glassy for β-carotene and crystalline-like for lutein, owing to their different chemical structures.     

Theoretical studies on NLO properties of push-pull multi-cycle electro-optical polymer intermediates including thiophene ring

The second-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities βijk,βμ and third-order non-linear optical susceptibilities γijkl,<γ> of a series of the novel push-pull multi-ring electro-photo polymer intermediates have been calculated.The influences of molecular structure,donor,acceptor and the frequency of external field on P and v,and the relationship between V and the number of thiophene rings(i.e.conjugated chain length)have been studied using UNDO/SCI methods combined with sum-overstate(SOS)formula.The calculated results show that γ is proportional to 2.69 power of the chain length of the conjugated molecular bonds when the length is not quite long.     

Poly(thiophenes) derivatized with linear and macrocyclic polyethers: from cation detection to molecular actuation

The association of linear or macrocyclic polyethers with the electronic properties of the π-conjugated polythiophene backbone leads to functional conducting polymers that exhibit metal cation dependent electronic properties. Based on this concept, various classes of cation sensors have been proposed and investigated for almost two decades. The interactions of metal cations with linear or macrocyclic polyether functional groups lead to modifications of the electronic properties of the π-conjugated backbone through various mechanisms including direct electronic effects on a single conjugated chain, collective electrochemical processes, or conformational changes. Conjugated polymers and oligomers representative of these various processes are discussed with an emphasis on recent examples of derivatized conjugated systems in which the interactions between metal cations and polyether groups serve as driving force to create molecular motion in conjugated systems.     

Electronic states of di-t-butylpolyacetylene radical cations

The π-ionization energies of the di-t-butylpolyacetylenes with two, three, four and five conjugated triple bonds have been determined by He (Iα) photoelectron spectroscopy. The assignment of the bands to the Π-states of the corresponding radical cations follows from simple correlations in agreement with previous experience. The influence of the t-butyl groups on the ionization energies is rationalized in terms of traditional, qualitative arguments assuming an inductive and/or hyperconjugative mechanism. However, a more careful analysis shows that the ‘The -higher-the-ionization-energy-the-higher-the-alkyl-induced-shift’ rule is not always true.     

6-N,N-二甲基腺嘌呤激发态结构动力学的共振拉曼光谱

采用共振拉曼光谱技术和密度泛函理论方法研究了6-N,N-二甲基腺嘌呤(DMA)的A带和B带电子激发和Franck-Condon 区域结构动力学. π_H→π_L^*跃迁是A带吸收的主体, 其振子强度约占整个A带吸收的79%.由弥散轨道参与的n→Ryd 和π_H→Ryd 跃迁在B带跃迁中扮演重要角色, 其振子强度约占B带吸收的62%,而在A带吸收中占主导的π_H→π_L^*跃迁的振子强度在B带吸收中仅占33%. 嘌呤环变形伸缩+C8H/N9H面内弯曲振动ν₂₃和五元环变形伸缩+C8H弯曲振动ν₁₃的基频、泛频和合频占据了A带共振拉曼光谱强度的绝大部分, 说明¹π_Hπ_L^*激发态结构动力学主要沿嘌呤环的变形伸缩振动, N9H/C8H/C2H弯曲振动等反应坐标展开, 而ν₁₀, ν₂₉, ν₂₁, ν₂₆和ν₄₀的基频、泛频和合频占据了B带共振拉曼光谱强度的主体部分, 它们决定了B带激发态的结构动力学. A带共振拉曼光谱中ν₂₆和ν₁₂被认为与1nπ*/1ππ*势能面锥型交叉有关. B带共振拉曼光谱中ν₂₁的激活与¹ππ^*/¹πσ_N9H^*势能面锥型交叉相关.     

Graph theory and molecular orbitals. The loop rule

Graph theory is applied to the study of the dependence of total π-electron energy, π-electron charge distribution and free valency indices of conjugated hydrocarbons on molecular topology. It is shown that the number of loops in the molecular graph determines these quantities.     

Mndo study of bond orders in some conjugated BI- and tri-cyclic hydrocarbons

MNDO calculations have been carried out on a number of conjugated bicyclic and tricyclic hydrocarbons. For reference purposes some acenes and monocyclic non-benzenoid hydrocarbons are also mentioned. While the influence of 2 or 6 π-electron systems in stabilising, and of 4 π-electron systems in destabilising, structures is readily evident, it is clear that arrays of 10 or more π-electrons have markedly less effect, and the balance between fixation of bonds and delocalisation in many compounds possessing such systems is subtle.     

π-Electron currents in fixed π-sextet aromatic benzenoids

In view of different patterns of π-electron density currents in benzenoid aromatic compounds it is of interest to investigate the pattern of ring currents in various classes of compounds. Recently such a study using a graph theoretical approach to calculating CC bond currents was reported for fully benzenoid hydrocarbons, that is, benzenoid hydrocarbons which have either π-sextets rings or “empty” rings in the terminology of Clar. In this contribution we consider π-electron currents in benzenoid hydrocarbons which have π-electron sextets and C=C bonds fully fixed. Our approach assumes that currents arise from contributions of individual conjugated circuits within the set of Kekulé valence structures of these molecules.