An Engel condition with derivation for left ideals

We generalize a number of results in the literature by proving the following theorem: Let be a semiprime ring, a nonzero derivation of , a nonzero left ideal of , and let . If for some positive integers , and all , the identity holds, then either or else the ideal of generated by and is in the center of . In particular, when is a prime ring, is commutative.

     

On perfect simple-injective rings

Harada calls a ring right simple-injective if every -homomorphism with simple image from a right ideal of to is given by left multiplication by an element of . In this paper we show that every left perfect, left and right simple-injective ring is quasi-Frobenius, extending a well known result of Osofsky on self-injective rings. It is also shown that if is left perfect and right simple-injective, then is quasi-Frobenius if and only if the second socle of is countably generated as a left -module, extending many recent results on self-injective rings. Examples are given to show that our results are non-trivial extensions of those on self-injective rings.

     

The Jung Theorem in metric spaces of curvature bounded above

The classical Jung Theorem states in essence that the diameter of a compact set in satisfies where is the circumradius of . The theorem was extended recently to the hyperbolic and the spherical -spaces. Here, the estimate above is extended to a class of metric spaces of curvature introduced by A. D. Alexandrov. The class includes the Riemannian spaces. The extended estimate is of the form where is a positive integer suitably defined for the set and its circumcenter. It can be that is not unique or does not exist. In the latter case, no estimate is derived. In case of a Riemannian -dimensional space, an integer always exists and satisfies . Then . In case of , one has .

     

On Bernstein-Sato polynomials

We show that for fixed and the set of Bernstein-Sato polynomials of all the polynomials in at most variables of degrees at most is finite. As a corollary, we show that there exists an integer depending only on and such that generates as a module over the ring of the -linear differential operators of , where is an arbitrary field of characteristic 0, is the ring of polynomials in variables over and is an arbitrary non-zero polynomial of degree at most .

     

Krull dimension of modules over involution rings. II

Let be a ring with involution and invertible 2, and let be the subring of generated by the symmetric elements in . The following questions of Lanski are answered positively:

(i)

Must have Krull dimension when does?

(ii)

Is every Artinian -module Artinian as an -module?

     

Every local ring is dominated by a one-dimensional local ring

Let be a local (Noetherian) ring. The main result of this paper asserts the existence of a local extension ring of such that (i) dominates , (ii) the residue field of is a finite purely transcendental extension of , (iii) every associated prime of (0) in contracts in to an associated prime of (0), and (iv) . In addition, it is shown that can be obtained so that either is the maximal ideal of or is a localization of a finitely generated -algebra.

     

A Characterization of Cancellation Ideals

An ideal of a commutative ring with identity is called a cancellation ideal if whenever for ideals and of , then . We show that an ideal is a cancellation ideal if and only if is locally a regular principal ideal.

     

On subalgebras of Boolean interval algebras

We prove that the following three conditions are necessary and sufficient for a Boolean algebra to be embeddable into an interval algebra.

(i)

is generated by a subset such that for all .

(ii)

has a complemented subalgebra lattice, where complements can be chosen in a monotone way.

(iii)

is isomorphic to ClopX for a compact zero-dimensional topological semilattice such that for all .

     

Commutativity criteria for Banach -algebras

Let be a Banach -algebra with an identity. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for to be commutative modulo its -radical and for to be commutative if has a faithful -representation as operators on a Hilbert space.

     

Existence of Bade functionals for complete Boolean algebras of projections in Fréchet spaces

A classical result of W. Bade states that if is any complete Boolean algebra of projections in an arbitrary Banach space then, for every there exists an element (called a Bade functional for with respect to in the dual space , with the following two properties: (i) is non-negative on and, (ii) whenever satisfies It is shown that a Fréchet space has this property if and only if it does not contain an isomorphic copy of the sequence space

     

Prime ideals in polynomial rings in several indeterminates

If is a prime ideal of a polynomial ring , where is a field, then is determined by an irreducible polynomial in . The purpose of this paper is to show that any prime ideal of a polynomial ring in -indeterminates over a not necessarily commutative ring is determined by its intersection with plus polynomials.

     

Product of distinct simple integrally closed ideals in 2-dimensional regular local rings

Let be a two-dimensional regular local ring and an -primary integrally closed ideal in . In this paper, we give equivalent conditions for to be a product of distinct simple -primary integrally closed ideals (i.e., , where are distinct simple -primary integrally closed ideals of ) in terms of the regularity of for all and in terms of how to choose a minimal generating set for over its minimal reductions.

     

Commutative group algebras of -summable abelian groups

In this note we study the commutative modular and semisimple group rings of -summable abelian -groups, which group class was introduced by R. Linton and Ch. Megibben. It is proved that is -summable if and only if is -summable, provided is an abelian group and is a commutative ring with 1 of prime characteristic , having a trivial nilradical. If is a -summable -group and the group algebras and over a field of characteristic are -isomorphic, then is a -summable -group, too. In particular provided is totally projective of a countable length.

Moreover, when is a first kind field with respect to and is -torsion, is -summable if and only if is a direct sum of cyclic groups.

     

Rings with finite essential socle

Let be a ring such that every direct summand of the injective envelope has an essential finitely generated projective submodule. We show that, if the cardinal of the set of isomorphism classes of simple right -modules is no larger than that of the isomorphism classes of minimal right ideals, then cogenerates the simple right -modules and has finite essential socle. This extends Osofsky's theorem which asserts that a right injective cogenerator ring has finite essential right socle. It follows from our result that if is a CS cogenerator, then is already an injective cogenerator and, more generally, that if is CS and cogenerates the simple right -modules, then it has finite essential socle. We show with an example that in the latter case need not be an injective cogenerator.

     

On genera of smooth curves in higher dimensional varieties

We prove that for any smooth projective variety of dimension , there exists an integer , such that for any integer , there exists a smooth curve in with .

     

Invariants of Skew Derivations

If is an automorphism and is a -derivation of a ring , then the subring of invariants is the set The main result of this paper is Theorem. Let be a -derivation of an algebra over a commutative ring such that

for all , where and .

(i)

If , then .

(ii)

If is a -stable left ideal of such that , then .

This theorem generalizes results on the invariants of automorphisms and derivations.

     

A family of new universal -matrices

Left universal -matrices and right universal -matrices are introduced. A family of new universal -matrices and charmed Hopf algebra is found.

     

A conformal differential invariant and the conformal rigidity of hypersurfaces

For a hypersurface of a conformal space, we introduce a conformal differential invariant , where and are the first and the second fundamental forms of connected by the apolarity condition. This invariant is called the conformal quadratic element of . The solution of the problem of conformal rigidity is presented in the framework of conformal differential geometry and connected with the conformal quadratic element of . The main theorem states:

Let , and let and be two nonisotropic hypersurfaces without umbilical points in a conformal space or a pseudoconformal space of signature . Suppose that there is a one-to-one correspondence between points of these hypersurfaces, and in the corresponding points of and the following condition holds: where is a mapping induced by the correspondence . Then the hypersurfaces and are conformally equivalent.

     

Factorization of holomorphic mappings on -spaces

We prove a universal mapping theorem for a large class of holomorphic mappings on a -space, stating that can be locally written in the form where and are bounded linear operators on certain Banach spaces consisting of functions on , and the division is taken pointwise.

     

Lifting of generating subgroups

Let be an epimorphism of finite groups. Suppose that is generated by its subgroups and that is generated by its subgroups . Furthermore, suppose that and are conjugate, . We prove that there exist such that generate and , .