The effect of an elastic triangular inclusion on a crack

IntroductionWiththedevelopmentofparticleandfiberreinforcedcomposites,theinclusion_crackinteractionproblemisbecominganimportantfieldbeingstudied .Andasamodel,itisalsousedtostudytheeffectsofmaterialdefectsonthestrengthandfractureofengineeringstructure.TheinterationbetweencircularinclusionandcrackwasstudiedinRefs.[1 -6 ] ;InRefs.[7-1 2 ] ,theinterationbetweenlineinclusionandcrackswasdiscussed ;TheinterationbetweenellipticalinclusionandcrackwasstudiedinRefs.[1 3,1 4] .However,withthedevelopmento…     

平面弹性力学充要的随机边界元

将平面弹性力学确定性的充分必要的边界积分方程推广到含材料常数随机的不确定问题中去，给出了位移的均值以及偏差的充分必要的边界积分方程。数值计算结果表明，和确定性的积分方程一样，习用的随机边界积分方程在退化尺度附近，无论是均值还是偏差都存在巨大的误差，而充要的随机边界积分方程则始终保持良好的精度     

Necessary and sufficient condition for the correct formulation of boundary integral equations of harmonic functions

A necessary and sufficient condition for the correct formulation of boundary integral equations of harmonic functions is established in the present paper. A super-determined problem of harmonic functions is proposed for the first time. Then a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of solution of the super-determined problem is proved. At the same time, it is a necessary and sufficient condition for the correct formulation of boundary integral equations with direct unknown quantities. A relation between boundary integral equations and variational principles is discovered for the first time. And a one-to-one correspondence between boundary integral equations with direct and indirect unknown quantities is indicated. The concept and route of the present paper can be applied to other boundary value problems possessing variational principles.     

Analysis of bonded anisotropic wedges with interface crack under anti-plane shear loading

The antiplane stress analysis of two anisotropic finite wedges with arbitrary radii and apex angles that are bonded together along a common edge is investigated. The wedge radial boundaries can be subjected to displacement-displacement boundary condi- tions, and the circular boundary of the wedge is free from any traction. The new finite complex transforms are employed to solve the problem. These finite complex transforms have complex analogies to both kinds of standard finite Mellin transforms. The traction free condition on the crack faces is expressed as a singular integral equation by using the exact analytical method. The explicit terms for the strength of singularity are extracted, showing the dependence of the order of the stress singularity on the wedge angle, material constants, and boundary conditions. A numerical method is used for solving the resul- tant singular integral equations. The displacement boundary condition may be a general term of the Taylor series expansion for the displacement prescribed on the radial edge of the wedge. Thus, the analysis of every kind of displacement boundary conditions can be obtained by the achieved results from the foregoing general displacement boundary condition. The obtained stress intensity factors （SIFs） at the crack tips are plotted and compared with those obtained by the finite element analysis （FEA）.     

应用边界积分法求圆形夹杂问题的解析解

边界元方法作为一种数值方法, 在各种科学工程问题中得到了广泛的应用.本文参考了边界元法的求解思路, 从Somigliana等式出发, 利用格林函数性质,得到了一种边界积分法, 使之可以用来寻求弹性问题的解析解.此边界积分法也可以从Betti互易定理得到. 应用此新方法, 求解了圆形夹杂问题.首先设定夹杂与基体之间完美连接, 将界面处的位移与应力按照傅里叶级数展开,根据问题的对称性与三角函数的正交性来简化假设, 减少待定系数的个数.其次选择合适的试函数(试函数满足位移单值条件以及无体力的线弹性力学问题的控制方程),应用边界积分法, 求得界面处的位移与应力的值. 然后再求解域内位移与应力.得到了问题的精确解析解, 当夹杂弹性模量为零或趋向于无穷大时,退化为圆孔或刚性夹杂问题的解析解. 求解过程表明,若问题的求解区域包含无穷远处时, 所取的试函数应满足无穷远处的边界条件.若求解区域包含坐标原点, 试函数在原点处位移与应力应是有限的.结果表明了此方法的有效性.      

梯度材料中矩形裂纹的对偶边界元方法分析

采用对偶边界元方法分析了梯度材料中的矩形裂纹. 该方法基于层状材料基本解,以非裂纹边界的位移和面力以及裂纹面的间断位移作为未知量. 位移边界积分方程的源点配置在非裂纹边界上,面力边界积分方程的源点配置在裂纹面上. 发展了边界积分方程中不同类型奇异积分的数值方法. 借助层状材料基本解,采用分层方法逼近梯度材料夹层沿厚度方向力学参数的变化. 与均匀介质中矩形裂纹的数值解对比,建议方法可以获得高精度的计算结果. 最后,分析了梯度材料中均匀张应力作用下矩形裂纹的应力强度因子,讨论了梯度材料非均匀参数、夹层厚度和裂纹与夹层之间相对位置对应力强度因子的影响.      

Solution of the elastic boundary value problems for a layer with tunnel stress raisers

A novel procedure for solving three-dimensional problems for elastic layer weakened by through-thickness tunnel cracks has been developed and is presented in this paper. This procedure reduces the given boundary value problem to an infinite system of one-dimensional singular integral equations and is based on a system of homogeneous solutions for a layer. Integral representations of single- and double-layer potentials are used for metaharmonic and harmonic functions entering in the singular integral equations. These representations provide a continuous extendibility of the stress vector while allowing a jump in the displacement vector in the transition through the cut.Expanding the potential and biharmonic solutions in the Fourier series over the thickness coordinate yields the integral representations of the displacement vector and stress tensor. The problem of reducing a denumerable set of the integral equations of the given boundary value problem to one-to-one correspondence with the set of unknown densities appearing in the Fourier’s coefficient representations has been settled efficiently. Numerical investigations show a rapid convergence of the proposed reduction procedure as applied to the solution of the infinite system of one-dimensional integral equations. Numerical examples illustrate the proposed method and demonstrate its advantages.     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

弹性力学中一种新的边界轮廓法

利用基本解的特性,将面力积分方程化成仅含有Ｃａｕｃｈｙ主值积分的形式,基于这种边界积分方程,提出了一种新的边界轮廓法,对于三维问题,该方法只须计算沿边界单元界线的线积分,对二维问题,则只需计算边界单元两点的热函数之差,无须进行数值积分计算,实例计算说明该方法是有效的。     

Boundary element analysis of interaction between an elastic rectangular inclusion and a crack

The interaction between an elastic rectangular inclusion and a kinked crack inan infinite elastic body was considered by using boundary element method. The new complexboundary integral equations were derived. By introducing a complex unknown function H(t)related to the interface displacement density and traction and applying integration by parts,the traction continuous condition was satisfied automatically. Only one complex boundaryintegral equation was obtained on interface and involves only singularity of order l/ r. Toverify the validity and effectiveness of the present boundary element method, some typicalexamples were calculated. The obtained results show that the crack stress intensity factorsdecrease as the shear modulus of inclusion increases. Thus, the crack propagation is easiernear a softer inclusion and the harder inclusion is helpful for crack arrest.     

Some problems in the antiplane shear deformation of bi-material wedges

The antiplane shear deformation of a bi-material wedge with finite radius is studied in this paper. Depending upon the boundary condition prescribed on the circular segment of the wedge, traction or displacement, two problems are analyzed. In each problem two different cases of boundary conditions on the radial edges of the composite wedge are considered. The radial boundary data are: traction–displacement and traction–traction. The solution of governing differential equations is accomplished by means of finite Mellin transforms. The closed form solutions are obtained for displacement and stress fields in the entire domain. The geometric singularities of stress fields are observed to be dependent on material property, in general. However, in the special case of equal apex angles in the traction–traction problem, this dependency ceases to exist and the geometric singularity shows dependency only upon the apex angle. A result which is in agreement with that cited in the literature for bi-material wedges with infinite radii. In part II of the paper, Antiplane shear deformation of bi-material circular media containing an interfacial edge crack is considered. As a special case of bi-material wedges studied in part I of the paper, explicit expressions are derived for the stress intensity factor at the tip of an edge crack lying at the interface of the bi-material media. It is seen that in general, the stress intensity factor is a function of material property. However, in special cases of traction–traction problem, i.e., similar materials and also equal apex angles, the stress intensity factor becomes independent of material property and the result coincides with the results in the literature.     

弹性力学问题的局部边界积分方程方法

提出了弹性力学平面问题的局部边界积分方程方法。这种方法是一种无网格方法,它采用移动最小二乘近似试函数,且只包含中心在所考虑节点的局部边界上的边界积分。它易于施加本质边界条件。所得系统矩阵是一个带状稀疏矩阵。它组合了伽辽金有限元法、整体边界元法和无单元伽辽金法的优点。该方法可以容易推广到求解非线性问题以及非均匀介质的力学问题。计算了两个弹性力学平面问题的例子,给出了位移和能量的索波列夫模,所得计算结果证明：该方法是一种具有收敛快、精度高、简便有效的通用方法。     

NON-AXISYMMETRIC MIXED BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR DYNAMIC INTERACTION BETWEEN SATURATED POROUS FOUNDATION AND RECTANGULAR PLATE$^{\bf 1)}$

在同一界面的不同区域具有多种边界条件, 称之为混合边界, 这是一个熟知的力学问题. 对这类问题进行精确分析时, 必须要进行混合边值问题的求解. 而对于一般的三维非轴对称情形, 混合边值问题的求解往往存在数学困难. 本文利用Hilbert定理和双重Fourier变换, 给出了一种求解三维非轴对称混合边值问题的解析方法, 利用该方法对具有混合透水边界的饱和多孔地基上矩形板的振动弯曲进行了解析研究(板与地基接触面为不透水边界, 其余为透水边界). 首先, 基于Kirchhoff理论和Biot多孔介质理论建立矩形板与饱和多孔地基的动力控制方程, 进行耦合求解. 针对板土接触面和非接触面的混合边值问题, 采用双重Fourier变换构造出两对二维对偶积分方程, 以接触应力和接触面孔隙压力为基本未知量, 用Jacobi正交多项式将未知量展开, 再利用Schmidt法对二维对偶积分方程完成求解, 最终推导出板土系统在动力作用下的位移和应力解析式. 通过将本文计算模型退化为单一弹性地基, 与已有研究结果进行对比, 验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性. 最后, 通过数值算例, 对饱和多孔地基上矩形板的动力响应及参数影响做出分析和讨论. 此外, 本文提出的解析法具有一般性, 可广泛应用于复杂接触问题和多场耦合问题的求解.     

Analysis method of planar cracks of arbitrary shape in the isotropic plane of a three-dimensional transversely isotropic magnetoelectroelastic medium

The hyper-singular boundary integral equation method of crack analysis in three-dimensional transversely isotropic magnetoelectroelastic media is proposed. Based on the fundamental solutions or Green’s functions of three-dimensional transversely isotropic magnetoelectroelastic media and the corresponding Somigliana identity, the boundary integral equations for a planar crack of arbitrary shape in the plane of isotropy are obtained in terms of the extended displacement discontinuities across crack faces. The extended displacement discontinuities include the displacement discontinuities, the electric potential discontinuity and the magnetic potential discontinuity, and correspondingly the extended tractions on crack face represent the conventional tractions, the electric displacement and the magnetic induction boundary values. The near crack tip fields and the intensity factors in terms of the extended displacement discontinuities are derived by boundary integral equation approach. A solution method is proposed by use of the analogy between the boundary integral equations of the magnetoelectroelastic media and the purely elastic materials. The influence of different electric and magnetic boundary conditions, i.e., electrically and magnetically impermeable and permeable conditions, electrically impermeable and magnetically permeable condition, and electrically permeable and magnetically impermeable condition, on the solutions is studied. The crack opening model is proposed to consider the real crack opening and the electric and magnetic fields in the crack cavity under combined mechanical-electric-magnetic loadings. An iteration approach is presented for the solution of the non-linear model. The exact solution is obtained for the case of uniformly applied loadings on the crack faces. Numerical results for a square crack under different electric and magnetic boundary conditions are displayed to demonstrate the proposed method.     

Similarity solutions for non-Newtonian power-law fluid flow

The problem of the boundary layer flow of power law non-Newtonian fluids with a novel boundary condition is studied.The existence and uniqueness of the solutions are examined,which are found to depend on the curvature of the solutions for different values of the power law index n.It is established with the aid of the Picard-Lindel¨of theorem that the nonlinear boundary value problem has a unique solution in the global domain for all values of the power law index n but with certain conditions on the curvature of the solutions.This is done after a suitable transformation of the dependent and independent variables.For 0 n 1,the solution has a positive curvature,while for n 1,the solution has a negative or zero curvature on some part of the global domain.Some solutions are presented graphically to illustrate the results and the behaviors of the solutions.     

横观各向同性材料三维裂纹问题的数值分析

严格从三维横观各向同性材料弹性空间问题的Green函数出发,采用Hadamard有限部积分概念,导出了三维状态下单位位移间断(位错)集度的基本解.在此基础上,将三维任意形状的片状裂纹问题归结为求解-组以未知位移间断表示的超奇异积分方程;并给出了边界元离散形式.对方程中出现的超奇异积分,采用了Had-alnard定义的有限部积分来处理.论文最后给出了若干典型片状裂纹问题的数值算例,数值结果表明了本文方法是非常有效的.     

关于加权残值法的充要性问题及其权函数的选择

本文论证了偏微分方程初-边值混合问题的加权残值方程的充要性条件和有关定理。关于充要性条件的讨论也为正确选择解析函数作为权函数,建立充要的加权残值方程提供了理论指导。重点讨论了边界积分方程的充要性。指出了两种满足充要条件的权函数和相应的边界积分方程。     

The symmetrical adhesive contact problem for circular elastic cylinders

The rolling contact problem involving circular cylinders is at the heart of numerous industrial processes, and critical to any elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis is an accurate knowledge of the associated contact pressure for the static dry problem. In a recent article [1] the authors have obtained new horizontal pressure distributions, both exact and approximate for various problems involving the symmetrical contact of circular elastic cylinders. In [1] it is assumed that only the circumferential horizontal displacement is prescribed in the contact region while the vertical circumferential displacement is left arbitrary and is assumed to take on whatever value is predicted by the deformation. The advantage of this assumption is that the problem reduces to a single singular integral equation which by transformations can be simplified to an integral equation involving the standard finite Hilbert transform. Here we consider the more general displacement boundary value problem within the contact region, and to be specific we examine the problem with zero vertical circumferential displacement and prescribed horizontal circumferential displacement. The solution of this problem involves two coupled singular integral equations for the horizontal and vertical pressure distributions. Basic equations and some approximate analytical solutions are obtained for symmetrical contact of circular elastic cylinders by both parallel plates and circular cylinders which are either rigid or elastic. Numerical results for the approximate analytical solutions are given for contact by rigid parallel plates and rigid circular cylinders.     

On quadruple integral equations related to a certain crack problem

An exact solution of a four part mixed boundary value problem representing a three colinear crack system connected with specified crack opening displacements between the cracks is obtained. The three cracks thus become one with pressure and/or opening displacement prescribed on the crack face. From considerations of dual symmetry and a formulation based on Papkovich-Neuber harmonic functions, the boundary value problem is reduced to solving a quadruple set of integral equations. An exact solution of these equations is derived using a modified finite Hilbert transform technique. The closed form results for the stress distributions and the crack-tip stress intensity factors are presented. Limiting cases of the solution yield results which agree with well known solutions.     

弹性理论几类导数边界积分方程之间的变换关系

导数场边界积分方程通常难以应用，因为存在着超奇异主值积分的计算障碍。弹性理论中有几类不同的位移导数边界积分方程，本文采用算子δij和∈ij(排列张量)作用于这些导数边界积分方程，做一系列变换，原有的超奇异积分被正则化为强奇异积分获解。从而建立了这些位移导数边界积分方程之间的转换关系，它们均可以归结为自然边界积分方程。自然边界积分方程仅存在容易计算的Cauchy主值积分。自然边界积分方程分析可直接获得边界应力和位移导数。