中药板蓝根的化学振荡指纹图谱研究

采用振荡技术,研究了中草药及中成药板蓝根-丙酮-溴酸钾-硫酸锰-硫酸的振荡反应新体系的振荡指纹图谱.测定了不同浓度,不同温度下板蓝根的振荡反应图谱,得到了不同温度、浓度下的反应诱导期、振荡周期及振荡寿命,得出诱导期表观活化能Ein=135.054kJ/mol,振荡周期平均活化能Ep=71.802kJ/mol;初步研究此...     

氟离子-乳酸-丙酮-Mn2+-BrO－3-H2SO4振荡反应及其在分析中的应用

氟离子对乳酸-丙酮-Mn2+-BrO-3-H2SO4化学振荡反应的周期和振幅有显著的影响,F-的浓度在8.00×10-5～1.00×10-3 mol·L-1范围内与振荡反应周期的改变值△tp和振幅的改变值△H均有良好的线性关系,是一线性范围宽、灵敏度高的动力学分析测试体系.获得振荡反应诱导期、周期的表观活化参数Ein、Ep分别为55.71 kJ·mol-1、67.41 kJ·mol-1,探索了该振荡体系可能的反应机理.     

琥珀酸酐均相催化加氢生成γ-丁内酯的反应动力学研究

以RuCl3 /PPh3 为催化剂体系研究了琥珀酸酐均相催化加氢反应动力学 .结果表明当催化剂浓度小于1.0× 10 -2 mol /L ,n(PPh3 ) /n(Ru) =7,SA浓度小于 2 .2 5mol /L和反应氢压PH2 小于 2 .2 5MPa时 ,反应速率方程为R =k1[Ru][SA]PH2 ;当反应氢压PH2 大于 2 .77MPa时 ,反应速率方程为R =k2 [Ru][SA].琥珀酸酐加氢生成γ -丁内酯的活化能Ea为 85 .2kJ/mol,活化焓△H≠ 为 81.8kJ /mol     

异戊烯与甲醇成醚反应机理的量子化学研究

对2-甲基-1-丁烯、2-甲基-2-丁烯与甲醇反应生成甲基叔戊基醚的反应历程进行了量子化学研究, 结果表明, 反应过程包括两个基元步骤: 2-甲基-1-丁烯和2-甲基-2-丁烯与氢离子作用生成碳正离子, 活化能分别为E1=2.26 kJ/mol, E2=7.72 kJ/mol; 甲醇与叔碳正离子反应成醚, 活化能为E3=1.29 kJ/mol, 碳正离子的生成是反应的速控步骤. 2-甲基-1-丁烯与2-甲基-2-丁烯相互转化的异构化活化能分别为E'1=4.40 kJ/mol, E'2=63.11 kJ/mol, 高于成醚的活化能, 反应体系不发生烯烃相互转化的异构化反应.     

琥珀酸酐均相催经加氢生成γ—丁内酯的反应动力学研究

以RuCl3 /PPh3 为催化剂体系研究了琥珀酸酐均相催化加氢反应动力学 .结果表明当催化剂浓度小于1.0× 10 -2 mol /L ,n(PPh3 ) /n(Ru) =7,SA浓度小于 2 .2 5mol /L和反应氢压PH2 小于 2 .2 5MPa时 ,反应速率方程为R =k1[Ru][SA]PH2 ;当反应氢压PH2 大于 2 .77MPa时 ,反应速率方程为R =k2 [Ru][SA].琥珀酸酐加氢生成γ -丁内酯的活化能Ea为 85 .2kJ/mol,活化焓△H≠ 为 81.8kJ /mol     

6-甲基-4-羟基嘧啶单体及二聚体质子转移过程的理论研究

应用密度泛函理论的B3LYP/6-311+G(d)方法研究了6-甲基-4-羟基嘧啶单体及二聚体质子转移的异构化反应.对反应势能面的研究发现,该化含物可能存在9种单体异构体,对其最稳定的单体构型进行分析.各单体间异构化反应的过渡态共有9种,反应的活化能最小为22.06 kJ/mol,最大为356.55 kJ/mol,最可能的反应路径在室温下即可进行. 研究了2种二聚体及其异构化反应的过渡态,发现二聚体均比其对应的单体稳定,而且质子转移所需要的活化能仅为20.13 kJ/mol,比单体低很多. 氢键在这种变化中起了主要作用,由单体和二聚体的总能量计算了氢键的键能.     

DL－苹果酸－丙酮－BrO~3^-－Mn^2^+－H~2SO~4化学振荡 反应诱导期的新特征 及其动力学研究

在前文研究工作的基础上,较详细地研究了DL-苹果酸(以下简称DL-MA)、丙酮(以下简称Act)参与下的新型化学振荡反应及各种影响因素,对各主要参与反应物质在诱导期中的作用、起振原因、诱导期的新特征和可能反应机理进行了较为深入的研究,分别获得DL-MA,KBrO~3,MnSO~4的浓度对诱导期影响的拟合方程。以及诱导期的表观活化参数为E~I~N=68.50kJ·mol^-^1。     

放大紫外光谱信号测定β-环糊精水溶液反应体系中的芳香类有机物含量

β-环糊精能自发地与反应体系中的苯甲醇和苯甲醛形成摩尔比为1:1的包结物,其吉布斯自由能ΔγGθm(298 K)分别为-10.417 kJ/mol和-9.741 kJ/mol.采用UV-Vis光谱对该体系进行表征,发现β-环糊精可诱导苯甲醇和苯甲醛,显著增强其紫外光谱强度,且苯甲醇和苯甲醛的浓度与其吸光度呈良好的线性关...     

金属离子在液相氧化中的催化作用 XI.金属酞菁(MPc,M=Co、Fe)在异丙苯液相氧化中的催化作用

研究了MPc(M=CO、Fe)在异丙苯液相氧化中的催化作用,并考察了Py、bPy和菲绕啉等含N配体对MPc催化性能的影响.发现反应遵循配位-链锁反应机理.反应速度对异丙苯为1.5级,对催化剂为0.5级.反应活化能分别为53.1kJ/mol.(CoPe)和43.9 kJ/mol.(FePc).在所选择的反应条件下,异丙苯转化率较低(小于35%),生成过氧化氢异丙苯选择性约为100%.加入第五配体可使诱导期消失.电子光谱和反应动力学结果同时表明,反应是由O_2的配位活化引发的,ESR结果证明酞菁环的电子可和金属离子进行交换.     

乳酸-丙酮-BrO3^——Mn^2^+-H2SO4化学振荡体系动力学研究

本文报道了与生命代谢过程密切相关的中间物参与的乳酸(以下简称LA)-丙酮(以下简称Act)-BrO3^--Mn^2^+-H2SO4新型化学振荡体系, 考察了振荡体系中诸反应物的初始浓度范围及影响因素, 获得诱导期、振荡周期、振荡寿命所对应的表观活化参数EIN, EP, EL分别为60.68kJ.mol^-^1, 61.03kJ.mol^-^1,135.80kJ.mol^-^1。分析了诱导期的新特征及可能的振荡反应机理。     

A Novel Chemical Oscillator with Tyrosine as the Substrate

A new chemical oscillating reaction system involving the manganese(Ⅱ)-catalyzed reaction among potassium bromate, acetone and tyrosine in acidic medium was described in this paper. The apparent activation energy of the induction period (Ein) and that of oscillation period (Ep) were calculated, Ein=110.61KJ/mol, Ep=159.41KJ/mol. The optimum concentration of each reactant was investigated and a steady chemical oscillating system was obtained.     

乳酸-溴酸钾-硫酸锰-硫酸-丙酮体系的B-Z振荡反应

This paper presents a study of the concentration range of reactant of oscillation reaction in α-hydroxy-propionic acid-KBrO3-MnSO4-H2SO4-propanone system. The special feature of the reaction is a damped oscillation. A section of the damped oscillation wave is similar to a spindle. Effects of many factors on the oscillation have been examined. The period and amplitude as function of the initial concentration of each reactant have been studied. It was found that mumbers, period and amplitude of each section of damped oscillation and preoscillatory time depend on the initial concentrations of the reactants.     

溴离子对BZ非催化振荡反应的影响

Br~-对Belousov-Zhabotinsky(BZ)振荡反应起着控制作用。近来发现,一些有机物在被BrO_3~-氧化时,即使没有金属离子Ce~(3+),Mn~(2+),Fe(phen)_3~(2+),也可产生振荡反应,称为非催化BZ振荡反应。本文选择酪氨酸(Tyr)-BrO_3~--H_2SO_4 BZ振荡体系,对Br~-的影响作了系统的研究,对机理作了初步探索。     

Synergistic effect of Ni(II) and Co(II) ions on the sulfite induced autoxidation of Cu(II)/tetraglycine complex

The synergistic effect of Ni(II) and Co(II) on the sulfite induced autoxidation of Cu(II)/tetraglycine was investigated spectrophotometrically at 25.0 degrees C, pH = 9.0, 1 x 10(-5) mol dm(-3) < or = [S(IV)] < or = 8 x 10(-5) mol dm(-3), [Cu(II)]= 1 x 10(-3) mol dm(-3), 1 x 10(-6) mol dm(-3) < or = [Ni(II)] or [Co(II)] < or = 1 x 10(-4) mol dm(-3), [O2] approximately 2.5 x 10(-4) mol dm(-3), and 0.1 mol dm(-3) ionic strength. In the absence of added nickel(II) or cobalt(II), the kinetic traces of Cu(III)G4 formation show a large induction period (about 3 h). The addition of trace amounts of Ni(II) or Co(II) increases the reaction rate significantly and the induction period drastically decreases (less than 0.5 s). The effectiveness of Cu(III)G4 formation becomes much higher. The metal ion in the trivalent oxidation state rapidly oxidizes SO3(2-) to SO3*-, which reacts with oxygen to produce SO5*-. The strongly generated oxidants oxidize Cu(II)G4 to Cu(III).     

GA-KBrO3-H2SO4体系化学振荡的研究

研究了GA(没食子酸)-KBrO_3-H_2SO_4体系的诱导期τ、振荡周期T_2与反应物起始浓度的依赖关系, 302 K时的经验式为τ=22.8 c~(-2.23)_(H_2SO_4) c~(-2.17)_(KBrO_3) c~(0.795)_(GA) (mol.dm~(-3))~(4.25)·sT_2=0.84 c~(-2.28)_(H_2SO-4)c~(-1.97)_(KBrO_3) exp{(0.000147(mol.dm~(-3))~2/c~2_(GA)}(mol.dm~(-3))~(4.25)·sτ及T_2都随~CGA的增加而增长, 这与B-Z反应中关于有机物的结论不同。用循环伏安法研究该体系的结果表明, GA在诱导期结束时就基本上都被氧化为中间物, GA并不象前人所认为的是维持振荡的物种, 实际参与振荡的是由GA生成的物质。本文还研究了Fe(Phen)_3~(2+)对GA-KBrO_3-H_2SO_4体系振荡的影响, 发现Br~-振荡行为随Fe(Phen)_3~(2+)的浓度而变。低~CFe(phen)_3~(2+)时,Br~-的振荡行为与GA-KBrO_3-H_2SO_4体系的基本相似, 其特征是每个振荡周期内, Br~-振荡脉冲发生前是逐渐积累的。随着~CFe(phen)_3~(2+)的增大, Br~-出现另一特征的振荡行为, 在每个振荡周期内, Br~-振荡脉冲发生前是逐渐减小。我们认为, GA-KBrO_3-H_2SO_4-Fe(Phen)_3~(2+)体系的振荡不能单一地用OKN机理加以解释, 它可能是两套振荡机理耦合的振荡。     

Determination of Heroin Based on Analyte Pulse Perturbation to an Oscillating Chemical Reaction

IntroductionOscillating chemical reaction is a complexphysico- chemical system,which deals with manyintermediate processes and intermediate species.Basically,in an oscillating chemical reaction sys-tem,the concentrations of the catalyst and/or in-termediate species undergo oscillations with time.Under specific reaction conditions,the oscillationsare reflected in color change[1] ( the oscillatingspecies exhibit different colors) ,p H change[2 ]( variations in H+ or OH-concentration in themedi…     

Fe-Al layered double hydroxides in bromate reduction: Synthesis and reactivity

This study presents a rare use of layered double hydroxides of Fe(II) and Al(III) (Fe-Al LDH), as reported for the first time for bromate removal from aqueous solutions. The Fe-Al LDH samples were prepared with Fe/Al molar ratios of 1-4 using a co-precipitation method at pH 7, with subsequent hydrothermal treatment at 120°C. The Fe-Al LDH (molar ratio of Fe/Al=1, 2) with a layered structure exhibited nearly complete removal of bromate from initial concentration of 100μmol/dm(3) at a wide pH range of 4.0-10.5 over a 2h reaction period; the residual bromate concentration in the solution was lower than the detection limit of 0.07μmol/dm(3) (9μg-BrO(3)(-)/dm(3)). During the reaction period, bromide was released into the solution via a reduction process. Reactivity of Fe-Al LDH with a Fe/Al molar ratio of 2 did not decrease the bromate reduction efficiency during 30days.     

Amperometric detection with microelectrodes in flow injection analysis: theoretical aspects and application in the determination of nitrite in saliva

The construction of a wall-jet cell with amperometric detection using a set of disc electrodes whose radii ranged from 5 to 750 mum has been proposed. The influence of some experimental parameters like flow rate and electrode radius on hydrodynamic voltammograms recorded for a 0.5 mmol dm(-3) potassium ferrocyanide solution also containing 0.1 mol dm(-3) KCl has been discussed. Some considerations regarding the current signals obtained from flow injection experiments using both a 5- and a 750-mum radius platinum electrode were carried out in order to achieve the lowest limit of detection, a value of 0.03 mumol dm(-3) ferrocyanide being calculated by using the 5-mum radius microelectrode as amperometric detector. The wall-jet cell has been used in the determination of nitrite in saliva by quantifying the triiodide formed in the reaction of the analyte with excess iodide in acidic medium. A 12.5-mum platinum disc microelectrode maintained at +0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl was used as amperometric detector. Peaks obtained in fiagrams after injection of diluted saliva to the carrier stream containing 0.1 mol dm(-3) sulphuric acid and 20 mmol dm(-3) potassium iodide were compared to an analytical curve obtained in the same conditions (r(2)=0.997) for a nitrite concentration in the range 1-10 mumol dm(-3). The concentration of nitrite in the saliva sample after the appropriate correction for dilution was found to be 2.3 ppm (0.05 mmol dm(-3)), in a good agreement with results obtained by using a standard spectrophotometric procedure (2.5 ppm). The limit of detection of the method was calculated as 0.2 mumol dm(-3), and the reproducibility was checked by measuring the peak current for 19 injections of 10 muM nitrite, the standard deviation being 3.7%.     

维生素B1对B-Z振荡反应的影响及反应动力学

维生素是生物生长和代谢所必需的微量有机物,和激素相似,需要量很小,但对生命活动却有重要作用,缺少维生素生物会不能正常生长,甚至发生疾病．本文研究了维生素BI（以下简称VitBl）对B－Z振荡反应的影响,对揭示生命的奥秘,推动医学、药学等方面的研究发展将有一定帮助·实验结果表明,不同VitBI的浓度与振荡周期改变值凸t。及振幅改变值凸A均有良好的线性关系．线性范围为5．1（）X10－’～2．78X10－‘11。of·L－‘,相关系数分别为0．905和0．993．据此可为VitBl的定是分析测试提供信息及依据．1实验1．1仪器与试剂＊SS（…     

四氮杂大环镍(Ⅱ)配合物[Ni(TIM)](ClO4)2催化的新型B-Z振荡反应

本文报道了一种以四氮杂大环四烯镍(Ⅱ)配合物[Ni(TIM)](ClO4)2为催化剂,柠檬酸为有机底物的硫酸环境的新型的B-Z振荡反应体系。讨论了不同浓度的溴酸钠、硫酸、柠檬酸对振荡周期(tp)、振幅(A)、振荡次数(n)的影响,发现振荡周期tp与溴酸钠、硫酸、柠檬酸的浓度有关,关系表达式:tp(s)∝C0-2.003(NaBrO3)C0-2.881(H2SO4)C0-3.16(Citric acid)。研究了各种还原剂、自由基抑制剂、Ag+、Hg2+对该振荡反应的不同程度的影响。最后提出了该反应的反应机理。