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1.
Hsin-Ning Su Pei-Chun Lee Min-Hua Tsai Kuo-Ming Chien 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2007,9(6):965-975
Nanotechnology is projected to be a very promising field, and the impact of nanotechnology on society is increasingly significant
as the research funding and manufactured goods increase exponentially. A clearer picture of Taiwan’s current and future nanotechnology
industry is an essential component for future planning. Therefore, this investigation studies the progress of industrializing
nanotechnology in Taiwan by surveying 150 companies. Along with understanding Taiwan’s current nanotechnology industrialization,
this paper also suggests ways to promote Taiwan’s nanotechnology. The survey results are summarized and serve as the basis
for planning a nanotechnology industrialization strategy. 相似文献
2.
Financial conflicts of interest raise significant challenges for those working to develop an effective, transparent, and trustworthy
oversight system for assessing and managing the potential human health and ecological hazards of nanotechnology. A recent
paper in this journal by Ramachandran et al., J Nanopart Res, 13:1345–1371 (2011) proposed a two-pronged approach for addressing conflicts of interest: (1) developing standardized protocols and procedures
to guide safety testing; and (2) vetting safety data under a coordinating agency. Based on past experiences with standardized
test guidelines developed by the international Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and implemented
by national regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA),
we argue that this approach still runs the risk of allowing conflicts of interest to influence toxicity tests, and it has
the potential to commit regulatory agencies to outdated procedures. We suggest an alternative approach that further distances
the design and interpretation of safety studies from those funding the research. In case the two-pronged approach is regarded
as a more politically feasible solution, we also suggest three lessons for implementing this strategy in a more dynamic and
effective manner. 相似文献
3.
Patents are an essential information source used to monitor, track, and analyze nanotechnology. When it comes to search nanotechnology-related patents, a keyword search is often incomplete and struggles to cover such an interdisciplinary discipline. Patent classification schemes can reveal far better results since they are assigned by experts who classify the patent documents according to their technology. In this paper, we present the most important classifications to search nanotechnology patents and analyze how nanotechnology is covered in the main patent classification systems used in search systems nowadays: the International Patent Classification (IPC), the United States Patent Classification (USPC), and the Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC). We conclude that nanotechnology has a significantly better patent coverage in the CPC since considerable more nanotechnology documents were retrieved than by using other classifications, and thus, recommend its use for all professionals involved in nanotechnology patent searches. 相似文献
4.
Anna M. Waldron Carl A. Batt Clarissa S. Lui 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2011,13(12):6291-6295
Public engagement in nanotechnology media products can lead to a greater interest in understanding of nanotechnology. A study
was undertaken to determine middle school student engagement in Nanooze, a magazine featuring nanotechnology research that has been developed for a young adult audience. Teachers at 116 Detroit
middle schools distributed two issues of the magazine to their students, and surveys were collected from 870 students after
reading the magazines. Results suggest that the majority of students liked reading the magazine and learned something about
nanotechnology. Engagement in nanotechnology led to understanding of nanotechnology. The Nanooze magazine was an effective medium for engaging middle school students in learning about nanotechnology. 相似文献
5.
Nanotechnology and the need for risk governance 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
After identifying the main characteristics and prospects of nanotechnology as an emerging technology, the paper presents the general risks associated with nanotechnology applications and the deficits of the risk governance process today, concluding with recommendations to governments, industry, international organizations and other stakeholders. The International Risk Governance Council (IRGC) has identified a governance gap between the requirements pertaining to the nano- rather than the micro-/macro- technologies. The novel attributes of nanotechnology demand different routes for risk-benefit assessment and risk management, and at present, nanotechnology innovation proceeds ahead of the policy and regulatory environment. In the shorter term, the governance gap is significant for those passive nanostructures that are currently in production and have high exposure rates; and is especially significant for the several ‘active’ nanoscale structures and nanosystems that we can expect to be on the market in the near future. Active nanoscale structures and nanosystems have the potential to affect not only human health and the environment but also aspects of social lifestyle, human identity and cultural values. The main recommendations of the report deal with selected higher risk nanotechnology applications, short- and long-term issues, and global models for nanotechnology governance. 相似文献
6.
Standardization will play an increasing role in creating a smooth transition from the laboratory to the marketplace as products based on nanotechnology are developed and move into broad use. Traditionally, standards have evolved out of a need to achieve interoperability among existing products, create order in markets, simplify production and ensure safety. This view does not account for the escalating trend in standardization, especially in emerging technology sectors, in which standards working groups anticipate the evolution of a technology and facilitate its rapid development and entrée to the market place. It is important that the nanotechnology community views standards as a vital tool to promote progress along the nanotechnology value chain – from nanoscale materials that form the building blocks for components and devices to the integration of these devices into functional systems.This paper describes the need for and benefits derived from developing consensus standards in nanotechnology, and how standards are created. Anticipatory standards can nurture the growth of nanotechnology by drawing on the lessons learned from a standards effort that has and continues to revolutionize the telecommunications industry. Also, a brief review is presented on current efforts in the US to create nanotechnology standards. 相似文献
7.
This article examines the relative positions with respect to nanotechnology research publications of the European Union (EU),
the United States (US), Japan, Germany, China, and three Asian Tiger nations (South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan). The analysis
uses a dataset of nanotechnology publication records for the time period 1990 through 2006 (part year) extracted from the
Science Citation Index obtained through the Web of Science and was developed through a two-stage modularized Boolean approach.
The results show that although the EU and the US have the highest number of nanotechnology publications, China and other Asian
countries are increasing their publications rapidly, taking an ever-larger proportion of the total. When viewed in terms of
the quality-based measure of citations, Asian nanotechnology researchers also show growth in recent years. However, by such
citation measures, the US still maintains a strongly dominant position, followed by the EU. 相似文献
8.
Public Attitudes Toward Nanotechnology 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0
Data from 3909 respondents to an Internet survey questionnaire provide the first insights into public perceptions of nanotechnology. Quantitative analysis of statistics about agreement and disagreement with two statements, one positive and the other negative, reveals high levels of enthusiasm for the potential benefits of nanotechnology and little concern about possible dangers. The respondents mentally connect nanotechnology with the space program, nuclear power, and cloning research, but rate it more favorably. In contrast, they do not associate nanotechnology with pseudoscience, despite its imaginative exploitation by science fiction writers. Qualitative analysis of written comments from 598 respondents indicates that many ideas about the value of nanotechnology have entered popular culture, and it provides material for an additional 108 questionnaire items that can be used in future surveys on the topic. The findings of this exploratory study can serve as benchmarks against which to compare results of future research on the evolving status of nanotechnology in society. 相似文献
9.
Despite all predictions and promises, nanotechnology still seems to be more of an emerging science than a fully fledged revolution. More often than not, the patent system is blamed for this, supposedly tangling up nanotechnology in an impenetrable thicket of exclusionary rights instead of setting it free. Drawing on methods of complex network analysis, we provide empirical evidence suggesting that, at least in Europe, there is actually no patent thicket present in nanotechnology. Yet, the situation appears to be different in the USA. 相似文献
10.
Ronald N. Kostoff Jesse A. Stump Dustin Johnson James S. Murday Clifford G.Y. Lau William M. Tolles 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2006,8(3-4):301-321
Text mining is the extraction of useful information from large volumes of text. A text mining analysis of the global open nanotechnology literature was performed. Records from the Science Citation Index (SCI)/Social SCI were analyzed to provide the infrastructure of the global nanotechnology literature (prolific authors/journals/institutions/countries, most cited authors/papers/journals) and the thematic structure (taxonomy) of the global nanotechnology literature, from a science perspective. Records from the Engineering Compendex (EC) were analyzed to provide a taxonomy from a technology perspective.
- The Far Eastern countries have expanded nanotechnology publication output dramatically in the past decade.
- The Peoples Republic of China ranks second to the USA (2004 results) in nanotechnology papers published in the SCI, and has increased its nanotechnology publication output by a factor of 21 in a decade.
- Of the six most prolific (publications) nanotechnology countries, the three from the Western group (USA, Germany, France) have about eight percent more nanotechnology publications (for 2004) than the three from the Far Eastern group (China, Japan, South Korea).
- While most of the high nanotechnology publication-producing countries are also high nanotechnology patent producers in the US Patent Office (as of 2003), China is a major exception. China ranks 20th as a nanotechnology patent-producing country in the US Patent Office.
11.
Pil Seung Chung Dae Sup So Lorenz T. Biegler Myung S. Jhon 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2012,14(8):1-20
Developments in nanotechnology have led to innovative progress and converging technologies in engineering and science. These demand novel methodologies that enable efficient communications from the nanoscale all the way to decision-making criteria for actual production systems. In this paper, we discuss the convergence of nanotechnology and novel multi-scale modeling paradigms by using the fuel cell system as a benchmark example. This approach includes complex multi-phenomena at different time and length scales along with the introduction of an optimization framework for application-driven nanotechnology research trends. The modeling paradigm introduced here covers the novel holistic integration from atomistic/molecular phenomena to meso/continuum scales. System optimization is also discussed with respect to the reduced order parameters for a coarse-graining procedure in multi-scale model integration as well as system design. The development of a hierarchical multi-scale paradigm consolidates the theoretical analysis and enables large-scale decision-making of process level design, based on first-principles, and therefore promotes the convergence of nanotechnology to sustainable energy technologies. 相似文献
12.
Subrata Kundu A. J. Nelson S. K. McCall Tony van Buuren Hong Liang 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2013,15(5):1-13
Despite uncertainty about the potential human health and environmental risks of nanotechnology, major stakeholders such as regulatory agencies and the nanotechnology industry are already negotiating the emerging regulatory framework for nanotechnology. Because of a relative lack of nano-specific regulations, the future of nanotechnology development will depend greatly on the views held by the nanotechnology industry. This study fills the research gap in understanding how the nanotechnology industry perceives the risks of nanotechnology. This is the first interview-based study of the nanotechnology industry in the United States. Semi-structured, open-ended phone interviews were conducted with 17 individuals involved in the commercialization of nanotechnology in the United States. Results indicate that while the industry acknowledges uncertainty about the potential risks of nanotechnology and takes significant precaution in ensuring the safety of their products, they do not see nanotechnology as novel or risky. They do not believe that uncertainty over risk ought to delay the further development of nanotechnology. The industry sees itself as the primary agent in ensuring consumer safety and believes that consumers are adequately protected. They are also largely benefit-centric and view product labeling as inefficacious. 相似文献
13.
Frederic Vandermoere Sandrine Blanchemanche Andrea Bieberstein Stephan Marette Jutta Roosen 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2010,12(2):373-381
Using survey data, we examine public attitudes toward and awareness of nanotechnology in Germany (N = 750). First, it is shown that a majority of the people are still not familiar with nanotechnology. In addition, diffusion
of information about nanotechnology thus far mostly seems to reach men and people with a relative higher educational background.
Also, pro-science and technology views are positively related with nanotech familiarity. Results further show that a majority
of the people have an indifferent, ambiguous, or non-attitude toward nanotechnology. Multinomial logit analyses further reveal
that nanotech familiarity is positively related with people’s attitudes. In addition, it is shown that traditional religiosity
is unrelated to attitudes and that individual religiosity is weakly related to nanotechnology attitudes. However, moral covariates
other than religiosity seem of major importance. In particular, our results show that more negative views on technological
and scientific progress as well as more holistic views about the relation between people and the environment increase the
likelihood of having a negative attitude toward nanotechnology. 相似文献
14.
Ashley A. Anderson Dominique Brossard Dietram A. Scheufele 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2010,12(4):1083-1094
The shift toward online communication in all realms, from print newspapers to broadcast television, has implications for how
the general public consumes information about nanotechnology. The goal of this study is threefold: to investigate who is using
online sources for information and news about science and nanotechnology, to examine what the general public is searching
for online with regards to nanotechnology, and to analyze what they find in online content of nanotechnology. Using survey
data, we find those who report the Internet as their primary source of science and technology news are diverse in age, more
knowledgeable about science and nanotechnology, highly educated, male, and more diverse racially than users of other media.
In a comparison of demographic data on actual visits by online users to general news and science Web sites, science sites
attracted more male, non-white users from the Western region of the United States than news sites did. News sites, on the
other hand, attracted those with a slightly higher level of education. Our analysis of published estimates of keyword searches
on nanotechnology reveals people are turning to the Internet to search for keyword searches related to the future, health,
and applications of nanotechnology. A content analysis of online content reveals health content dominates overall. Comparisons
of content in different types of sites—blogs, government, and general sites—are conducted. 相似文献
15.
Ali M. Soltani Seyed H. Tabatabaeian Payam Hanafizadeh Jahanyar Bamdad Soofi 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2011,13(12):7303-7312
Dozens of countries are executing national nanotechnology plans. No rigorous evaluation scheme for these plans exists, although
stakeholders—especially policy makers, top-level agencies and councils, as well as the society at large—are eager to learn
the outcome of these policies. In this article, we recommend an evaluation scheme for national nanotechnology policies that
would be used to review the whole or any component part of a national nanotechnology plan. In this scheme, a component at
any level of aggregation is evaluated. The component may be part of the plan’s overarching policy goal, which for most countries
is to create wealth and improve the quality of life of their nation with nanotechnology. Alternatively, the component may
be a programme or an activity related to a programme. The evaluation could be executed at different times in the policy’s
life cycle, i.e., before the policy is formulated, during its execution or after its completion. The three criteria for policy
evaluation are appropriateness, efficiency and effectiveness. The evaluator should select the appropriate qualitative or quantitative
methods to evaluate the various components of national nanotechnology plans. 相似文献
16.
Progress of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nanoscience and nanotechnology has been attracting wide attention and is becoming an active frontier area. Chinese scientists have followed with the main stream interest in the development of Nanoscience and nanotechnology since its initial stage. In the present paper, the achievements and present status of China in relative researches such as nanomaterials, nanodevices and characterization of nanostructure are described. 相似文献
17.
The traditional chemical industry has become a largely mature industry with many commodity products based on established technologies. Therefore, new product and market opportunities will more likely come from speciality chemicals, and from new functionalities obtained from new processing technologies as well as new microstructure control methodologies. It is a well-known fact that in addition to its molecular structure, the microstructure of a material is key to determining its properties. Controlling structures at the micro- and nano-levels is therefore essential to new discoveries. For this article, we define nanotechnology as the controlled manipulation of nanomaterials with at least one dimension less than 100nm. Nanotechnology is emerging as one of the principal areas of investigation that is integrating chemistry and materials science, and in some cases integrating these with biology to create new and yet undiscovered properties that can be exploited to gain new market opportunities. In this article market opportunities for nanotechnology will be presented from an industrial perspective covering electronic, biomedical, performance materials, and consumer products. Manufacturing technology challenges will be identified, including operations ranging from particle formation, coating, dispersion, to characterization, modeling, and simulation. Finally, a nanotechnology innovation roadmap is proposed wherein the interplay between the development of nanoscale building blocks, product design, process design, and value chain integration is identified. A suggestion is made for an R&D model combining market pull and technology push as a way to quickly exploit the advantages in nanotechnology and translate these into customer benefits. 相似文献
18.
As has been demonstrated by recent societal controversies associated with the introduction of novel technologies, societal acceptance of a technology and its applications is shaped by consumers’ perceived risks and benefits. The research reported here investigates public perceptions of nanotechnology in Singapore, where technological innovation is an established part of the economy, and it might be expected that consumer perceptions of risk are low, and those of benefit are high. The contribution of socio-demographic variables, knowledge level and exposure to risk information in shaping risk perception about nanotechnology applications within different application sectors were analysed. About ~80 % of respondents have some understanding of nanotechnology, 60 % report having heard some negative information, and 39 % perceive nanotechnology as beneficial, while 27.5 % perceive it as risky. Nanotechnology application in food was reported to cause the most concern in the consumers included in the sample. Two-step cluster analysis of the data enabled grouping of respondents into those who expressed ‘less concern’ or ‘more concern’ based on their average scores for concern levels expressed with applications of nanotechnology in different sectors. Profiling of these clusters revealed that, apart from various socio-demographic factors, exposure to risk-related information, rather than awareness in nanotechnology itself, resulted in respondents expressing greater concern about nanotechnology applications. The results provide evidence upon which regulatory agencies and industries can base policies regarding informed risk–benefit communication and management associated with the introduction of commercial applications of nanotechnology. 相似文献
19.
Nanotechnology can be described as an emerging technology and, as has been the case with other emerging technologies such
as genetic modification, different socio-psychological factors will potentially influence societal responses to its development
and application. These factors will play an important role in how nanotechnology is developed and commercialised. This article
aims to identify expert opinion on factors influencing societal response to applications of nanotechnology. Structured interviews
with experts on nanotechnology from North West Europe were conducted using repertory grid methodology in conjunction with
generalized Procrustes analysis to examine the psychological constructs underlying societal uptake of 15 key applications
of nanotechnology drawn from different areas (e.g. medicine, agriculture and environment, chemical, food, military, sports,
and cosmetics). Based on expert judgement, the main factors influencing societal response to different applications of nanotechnology
will be the extent to which applications are perceived to be beneficial, useful, and necessary, and how 'real' and physically
close to the end-user these applications are perceived to be by the public. 相似文献
20.
Megan E. Leitch Elizabeth Casman Gregory V. Lowry 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2012,14(12):1-23
Many international groups study environmental health and safety (EHS) concerns surrounding the use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). These researchers frequently use the ??Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies?? (PEN) inventory of nano-enabled consumer products to prioritize types of ENMs to study because estimates of life-cycle ENM releases to the environment can be extrapolated from the database. An alternative ??snapshot?? of nanomaterials likely to enter commerce can be determined from the patent literature. The goal of this research was to provide an overview of nanotechnology intellectual property trends, complementary to the PEN consumer product database, to help identify potentially ??risky?? nanomaterials for study by the nano-EHS community. Ten?years of nanotechnology patents were examined to determine the types of nano-functional materials being patented, the chemical compositions of the ENMs, and the products in which they are likely to appear. Patenting trends indicated different distributions of nano-enabled products and materials compared to the PEN database. Recent nanotechnology patenting is dominated by electrical and information technology applications rather than the hygienic and anti-fouling applications shown by PEN. There is an increasing emphasis on patenting of nano-scale layers, coatings, and other surface modifications rather than traditional nanoparticles, and there is widespread use of nano-functional semiconductor, ceramic, magnetic, and biological materials that are currently less studied by EHS professionals. These commonly patented products and the nano-functional materials they contain may warrant life-cycle evaluations to determine the potential for environmental exposure and toxicity. The patent and consumer product lists contribute different and complementary insights into the emerging nanotechnology industry and its potential for introducing nanomaterials into the environment. 相似文献