Influence of proton irradiation on the photoluminescence spectra of zinc oxide modified by ZrO2 and ZrO2·Y2O3 nanopowders

ZnO powder photoluminescence spectra at 360-660 nm modified and unmodified by ZrO₂, ZrO₂Y₂O₃ nanopowders before and after 100 keV proton irradiation were investigated. It was found that introduction of nanoparticles led to ultraviolet band intensity decrease and to visual spectrum band intensity increase. Extinction of intensity occurs under the effect of protons in both bands of luminescence. Decomposition of spectra into elementary defects and analysis of their area change during modification and irradiation were carried out.     

Structural, photochemical and photocatalytic properties of zirconium oxide doped TiO2 nanocrystallites

Composite photocatalysts composed of TiO₂ and ZrO₂ have been prepared via the sol-gel method. The as-prepared nanocomposites are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis spectrometry and fluorescence emission spectra. The results shows that TiO₂/ZrO₂ nanocomposites are composed of mainly anatase titania and tetragonal ZrO₂. Incorporating TiO₂ particles with ZrO₂ plays an important role in promoting the formation of nanoparticles with an anatase structure and leads to decreased fluorescence emission intensity. Most of the TiO₂/ZrO₂ nanocomposites exhibited comparable photocatalytic activity compared with commercial TiO₂ for the degradation aqueous methyl orange (MO) under ultraviolet irradiation, while the composite with Zr/Ti mass ratio of 15.2% shows the highest photocatalytic performances. Furthermore, the as-prepared nanocomposites can be reused with little photocatalytic activity loss. Without any further treatment besides rinsing, the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂/ZrO₂ (15.2%) composites is still higher than after five-cycle utilization.     

Preparation and characterization of SiO2/ZrO2/Ag multicoated microspheres

A new type of multicoated silica/zirconia/silver (SiO₂/ZrO₂/Ag) core-shell composite microspheres is synthesized in this paper. In the process, ZrO₂-decorated silica (SiO₂/ZrO₂) core-shell composites were firstly fabricated by the modification of zirconia on silica microspheres through the hydrolysis of zirconium precursor. Subsequently, on SiO₂/ZrO₂ composite cores, silver nanoparticles were introduced via ultrasonic irradiation and acted as “Ag seeds” for the formation of integrate silver shell by further reduction of silver ions using formaldehyde as reducer. The resulting samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray, and UV-vis spectroscopy, indicating that zirconia and silver layers were successfully coated on the surfaces of silica microspheres.     

Color centers in neutron-irradiated Y3Al5O12, CAF2 and LiF single crystals

The thermal annealing behavior of the Y₃Al₅O₁₂, CaF₂ and LiF single crystals bombarded at Algiers with reactor neutrons has been monitored by optical absorption spectroscopy. The irradiation was performed at about 315 K. On heating samples after irradiation, the optical absorption bands decrease and disappear completely at 873 and 523 K in the case of Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and CaF₂, respectively. Activation energies of 1.2±0.02 and 0.9±0.2 eV are estimated for Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and CaF₂, respectively. On the other hand, the LiF crystal shows a complex annealing behavior. Here, the optical absorption spectrum presents different shapes after each annealing temperature. Four steps are distinguished and discussed on heating samples from 300 to 673 K. Above 673 K, the absorption drops by about 50%; it completely disappears at 773 K.     

Properties of carbon and iron modified TiO2 photocatalyst synthesized at low temperature and photodegradation of acid orange 7 under visible light

The nanoparticles of TiO₂ modified with carbon and iron were synthesized by sol-gel followed solvothermal method at low temperature. Its chemical composition and optical absorption were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence emission spectroscopy (PL), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). It was found that carbon and iron modification causes the absorption edge of TiO₂ to shift the visible light region. Fe(III) cation could be doped into the matrix of TiO₂, by which could hinder the recombination rate of excited electrons/holes. Superior photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ modified with carbon and iron was observed for the decomposition of acid orange 7 (AO7) under visible light irradiation. The synergistic effects of carbon and iron in modified TiO₂ nanoparticles were responsible for improving visible light photocatalytic activity.     

Effect of the dispersibility of ZrO2 nanoparticles in Ni-ZrO2 electroplated nanocomposite coatings on the mechanical properties of nanocomposite coatings

ZrO₂ nanoparticles was uniformly co-deposited into a nickel matrix by electroplating of nickel from a Watts bath containing particles in suspension which were monodispersed with dispersant under DC electrodeposition condition. It was found that morphology, orientation and hardness of the nanocomposite coatings with monodispersed ZrO₂ nanoparticles had lots of difference from the nanocomposite coatings with agglomerated ZrO₂ nanoparticles and pure nickel coatings. Especially, the result of hardness showed that only a very low volume percent (less than 1 wt.%) of monodispered ZrO₂ nanoparticles in Ni-ZrO₂ nanocomposite coatings would result in higher hardness of the coatings. The hardness of Ni-ZrO₂ nanocomposite coatings with monodispersed and agglomerated ZrO₂ nanoparticles were 529 and 393 HV, respectively. The hardness value of the former composite coatings was over 1.3 times higher than that of the later. All these composite coatings were two-three times higher than that of pure nickel plating (207 HV) prepared under the same condition. The strengthening mechanisms of the Ni-ZrO₂ nanocomposite coatings based on a combination of grain refinement strengthening from nickel matrix grain refining and dispersion strengthening from dispersion state of ZrO₂ nanoparticles in the coatings.     

Photoexpansion and photobleaching effects in oxysulfide thin films of the GeS2+Ga2O3 system

Oxysulfide systems undergo structural transformations upon illumination with laser light of near bandgap energy, as well as chalcogenide materials (glasses and films). In this paper, photoinduced effects such as photoexpansion and photobleaching were observed in GeS₂+Ga₂O₃ (GGSO) films synthesized by electron beam evaporation. A surface expansion of the thin films and a shift to shorter wavelengths of the optical absorption edge were observed as a result of UV laser irradiation (wavelength of 351 nm) and they are dependent on laser power density, exposure time and film composition. These parameters were varied to evaluate and enhance the observed effects. In addition, the irradiated GGSO samples exhibited a decrease in refractive index, measured with a prism-coupling technique, which makes these films suitable candidates for applications as gratings and waveguides in integrated optics.     

Au/SiO2纳米多层薄膜的制备及其性质表征

利用多靶磁控溅射技术制备了Au/SiO₂纳米颗粒分散氧化物多层复合薄膜.研究了在保持Au单层颗粒膜沉积时间一定时薄膜厚度一定、变化SiO₂的沉积时间及SiO₂的沉积时间一定而改变薄膜厚度时，多层薄膜在薄膜厚度方向的微观结构对吸收光谱的影响.研究结果表明：具有纳米层状结构的Au/SiO₂多层薄膜在560 nm波长附近有明显的表面等离子共振吸收峰，吸收峰的强度随Au颗粒的浓度增加而增强，在Au颗粒浓度相同的情况下，复合薄膜 关键词： 2纳米复合薄膜')" href="#">Au/SiO₂纳米复合薄膜 多靶磁控溅射 吸收光谱 有效介质理论     

Optical properties of SnO2 nanoparticles

In recent times, considerable research efforts have been focused on the exploration of novel optical properties of nanocrystalline SnO₂ particles such as photoluminescence (PL). In the present work, spherical SnO₂ nanoparticles are synthesized by solid state reaction at different temperatures using tin chloride dihydrate and sodium hydroxide flakes as precursors. Transmission electron micrograph shows uniform and spherical SnO₂ nanoparticles of diameter 30–40 nm. Micro-Raman spectra show an inverse relationship of line-width with SnO₂ particle size. The band gap of SnO₂ is calculated by plotting (αhν)² vs. hν and extrapolating the linear portion of it to α = 0 and found it to be 3.76–4.24 eV. Photoluminescence intensity increases with the increase of solid state reaction temperature up to 873 K. This is attributed to the generation of the oxygen ion vacancies in SnO₂.     

Influences of CO2 laser annealing on mechanical and laser-induced damage properties of ZrO2 thin films

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) thin films were deposited on BK7 glass substrates by the electron beam evaporation method. A continuous wave CO₂ laser was used to anneal the ZrO₂ thin films to investigate whether beneficial changes could be produced. After annealing at different laser scanning speeds by CO₂ laser, weak absorption of the coatings was measured by the surface thermal lensing (STL) technique, and then laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) was also determined. It was found that the weak absorption decreased first, while the laser scanning speed is below some value, then increased. The LIDT of the ZrO₂ coatings decreased greatly when the laser scanning speeds were below some value. A Nomarski microscope was employed to map the damage morphology, and it was found that the damage behavior was defect-initiated both for annealed and as-deposited samples. The influences of post-deposition CO₂ laser annealing on the structural and mechanical properties of the films have also been investigated by X-ray diffraction and ZYGO interferometer. It was found that the microstructure of the ZrO₂ films did not change. The residual stress in ZrO₂ films showed a tendency from tensile to compressive after CO₂ laser annealing, and the variation quantity of the residual stress increased with decreasing laser scanning speed. The residual stress may be mitigated to some extent at proper treatment parameters.     

Radiation stability of ZnO pigment modified by ZrO2 · Y2O3 nanopowders

The effect of the zinc oxide’s powder modification by ZrO₂ · Y₂O₃ nanoparticles on the spectra of diffuse reflectance and their changes after irradiation with 100-keV protons was studied at concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 30 wt % and T = 650 and 800 °C. Induced absorption spectra of irradiated powders were decomposed into bands of elementary defects. The effect of temperature on the band area and a change in the total absorbance of ZnO powders during nanoparticle modification and concentration was demonstrated.     

SiN掺杂提高BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+荧光粉光学性能的第一性原理研究

使用基于密度泛函理论的CASTEP软件计算了BAM:Eu²⁺(BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇:Eu²⁺)荧光粉在SiN掺杂前后的能带、态密度、吸收光谱和Mulliken布居．Eu²⁺处于BR位置光吸收更强;SiN掺杂使处于BR位置的Eu²⁺的数量上升,而处于mO位置的Eu²⁺的数量下降,抵消了SiN掺杂降低Eu的态密度对光谱的影响．所以适量掺杂的SiN提高了BAM:Eu²⁺荧光粉的吸收发射光谱强度．Si-N键和Eu-N键的Mulliken布居数分别高于Al-O键和Eu-O键, 说明Si-N键和Eu-N键的共价性分别强于Al-O键和Eu-O键．发光中心Eu²⁺局域结构共价性的增强降低了BAM:Eu²⁺镜面层的活性,这是SiN掺杂提高BAM:Eu²⁺+荧光粉光学稳定性的主要原因．     

Optical and electronic properties of NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 thin films

We report the optical and electronic properties of the inverse spinel ferrite NiFe₂O₄ and CoFe₂O₄ thin films deposited on single crystal sapphire by electron beam deposition. We carried out variable temperature (78–500 K) transmittance measurements on the thin films to investigate the optical properties and electronic structures of these ferrites. The absorption spectra of both NiFe₂O₄ and CoFe₂O₄ thin films show insulating characters with Ni (Co) d to d on-site transitions below 3 eV. The energy bands above 3 eV are mainly due to the O 2p to Fe 3d charge transfer transitions. The observed electronic transitions have been assigned based on the first principles calculations and comparisons with structurally similar Ni and Co-containing compounds. The Co²⁺ d to d transition in the CoFe₂O₄ thin film shows a strong temperature dependence, likely due to the spin-charge coupling effect.     

Zn-ZrO2 nanocomposite coatings: Elecrodeposition and evaluation of corrosion resistance

The Zn and Zn-ZrO₂ composite coatings were produced by electrodeposition technique using sulphate bath. ZrO₂ particles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The ZrO₂ particle size distribution in the plating bath and Zeta potential and the ZrO₂ were measured using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS). The corrosion resistance properties of Zn and Zn-ZrO₂ composite coatings were compared by examining the experimental data acquired through polarization, open circuit potential (OCP) and Tafel measurements. The corrosion environment was 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The variation of amount of ZrO₂ in the solution on their % wt inclusion in the composite and on composite microhardness was investigated. XRD patterns were recorded for Zn and Zn-ZrO₂ coatings to compare their grain size. The SEM images of coatings before and after corrosion under chemical and electrochemical conditions were presented. The results were analyzed to establish the superiority of Zn-ZrO₂ composite over Zn coating.     

Preparation of sol-gel ZrO2-SiO2 highly reflective multilayer films and laser-induced damage threshold characteristic

Sol-gel (ZrO₂/SiO₂)¹² ZrO₂ films were prepared by spin coating method. The reflectivity spectrum of the films was measured with a Lambda 900 spectrometer. In order to investigate laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) characteristic of highly reflective films, one-layer ZrO₂ and SiO₂ films, two-layer ZrO₂/SiO₂ and SiO₂/ZrO₂ films were also prepared by spin coating method. LIDT of each film was measured. Damage morphology after laser irradiation was characterized by optical microscopy (Nikon E600K). The experimental results showed that the reflectivity of (ZrO₂/SiO₂)¹² ZrO₂ film at 1064 nm and 355 nm wavelength is 99.7%. The LIDT results decreases as the number of layer of films increases. All the films have similar damage morphology. The experimental results are explained by the different temperature profiles of the films.     

Nature of optical properties of GdFe3(BO3)4 and GdFe2.1Ga0.9(BO3)4 crystals and other 3d5 antiferromagnets

Influence of the partial substitution of paramagnetic Fe³⁺ ions by diamagnetic Ga³⁺ ions in the trigonal crystal GdFe₃ (BO₃)₄ on its optical and magnetic properties is studied and discussed in connection with problems common for all antiferromagnets containing 3d ⁵ ions. Polarized optical absorption spectra and linear birefringence of GdFe₃ (BO₃)₄ and GdFe_2.1Ga_0.9 (BO₃)₄ single crystals have been measured in the temperature range 85–293 K. Specific heat temperature dependence (2–300 K) and structure of GdFe_2.1Ga_0.9 (BO₃)₄ crystal have been also studied. As a result of substitution of 30% Fe to Ga the Neel temperature diminishes from 38 till 16 K, the strong absorption band edge shifts on 860 cm^-1 (0.11 eV) to higher energy and the d-d transitions intensity decreases substantially larger than the Fe concentration does. Strong absorption band edge is shown to be due to Mott-Hubbard transitions. Correlation between position of the strong absorption band edge and the Neel temperature of antiferromagnets has been revealed. Properties of the doubly forbidden d-d transitions in the studied crystals and in other antiferromagnets are explained within the framework of the model of the exchange-vibronic pair absorption, which is theoretically analyzed in detail. The model permitted us to determine the connection between parameters of d-d absorption bands (intensity, width and their temperature dependences), on the one hand, and the exchange, spin-orbit and electron-lattice interactions, on the other hand.     

多孔TiO2/Al/SiO2纳米复合结构的紫外光吸收特性研究

在SiO₂玻璃衬底上用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术,分别沉积Ti和Ti/Al膜,经电化学阳极氧化成功制备了多孔TiO₂/SiO₂和TiO₂/Al/SiO₂纳米复合结构. 其中TiO₂薄膜上的微孔阵列高度有序,分布均匀. 实验研究了Al过渡层对多孔TiO₂薄膜光吸收特性的影响. 结果表明：无Al过渡层的多孔TiO₂薄膜其紫外吸收峰在27 关键词： 2薄膜')" href="#">多孔TiO₂薄膜 阳极氧化 紫外光吸收     

Synthesis and characterization of TiO2/Fe2O3 core-shell nanocomposition film and their photoelectrochemical property

TiO₂/Fe₂O₃ core-shell nanocomposition film has been fabricated via two-step method. TiO₂ nanorod arrays are synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method, and followed by Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles deposited on TiO₂ nanorod arrays through an ordinary chemical bath deposition. The phase structures, morphologies, particle size, chemical compositions of the composites have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer. The results confirm that Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles of mean size ca. 10 nm coated on the surface of TiO2 NRs. After depositing Fe₂O₃, UV-vis absorption property is induces the shift to the visible-light range, the annealing temperature of 600 °C is the best condition for UV-vis absorption property of TiO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite film, and increasing Fe content, optical activity are enhanced one by one. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) performances of the as-prepared composite nanorods are determined by measuring the photo-generated currents under illumination of UV-vis light. The TiO₂ NRs modified by Fe₂O₃ show the photocurrent value of 1.36 mA/cm² at 0 V vs Ag/AgCl, which is higher than those of unmodified TiO₂ NRs.     

多孔TiO2/Al/SiO2纳米复合结构的紫外光吸收特性研究

在SiO₂玻璃衬底上用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术，分别沉积Ti和Ti/Al膜，经电化学阳极氧化成功制备了多孔TiO₂/SiO₂和TiO₂/Al/SiO₂纳米复合结构. 其中TiO₂薄膜上的微孔阵列高度有序，分布均匀. 实验研究了Al过渡层对多孔TiO₂薄膜光吸收特性的影响. 结果表明：无Al过渡层的多孔TiO₂薄膜其紫外吸收峰在27     

Mn,N共掺杂对锐钛矿相TiO2微观结构和性能的影响

采用第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,系统研究了Mn,N共掺杂对锐钛矿相TiO₂的晶体结构、缺陷形成能、电子结构、光学性质以及氧化还原能力的影响.研究表明:Mn,N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO₂后,TiO₂晶格发生了畸变,导致晶体八面体偶极矩增加,有利于光生电子-空穴对的有效分离;在TiO₂带隙中出现了杂质能级,使锐钛矿相TiO₂的光学吸收带边红移,可见光区的吸收系数明显增大,有利于光催化效率的提高;在不考虑 关键词： 2')" href="#">锐钛矿相TiO₂ 第一性原理 Mn和N共掺杂 光催化性能