共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Dr. Jesse J. Sabatini Dr. Jared D. Moretti 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(38):12839-12845
Prototype testing of perchlorate‐free hand‐held signal illuminants for the US Army’s M126 A1 red‐star and M195 green‐star parachute illuminants are described. Although previous perchlorate‐free variants for these items have been developed based on high‐nitrogen compounds that are not readily available, the new formulations consist of anhydrous 5‐aminotetrazole as the suitable perchlorate replacement. Compared to the perchlorate‐containing control, the disclosed illuminants exhibited excellent stabilities toward various ignition stimuli and had excellent pyrotechnic performance. The illuminants are important from both military and civil fireworks perspectives, as the perchlorate‐free nature of the illuminants adequately address environmental concerns associated with perchlorate‐containing red‐ and green‐light‐emitting illuminants. 相似文献
2.
An infrared method has been developed to determine periodate on the microgram scale. Periodate is precipitated in slightly acid solution with tetraphenylarsonium chloride and in presence of perchlorate as carrier. The precipitate is mixed with powdered potassium bromide and pressed into a disc. The base-line absorbance of the periodate band at 11.68 μ is calculated in order to find the concentration of periodate from a calibration curve. No interference is caused by perchlorate, permanganate, perrhenate, chlorate, iodate or bromate. 相似文献
3.
Prof. Dr. Thomas M. Klapötke Franz A. Martin Norbert T. Mayr Jörg Stierstorfer 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2010,636(15):2555-2564
3,5‐Diamino‐1,2,4‐triazole ( 1 , guanozol) was protonated with diluted hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, as well as perchloric acid forming 3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium chloride hemihydrate ( 2 ), 3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium nitrate ( 3 ) and 3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium perchlorate ( 4 ), respectively. In a second step 4 reacted with potassium dinitramide forming 3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium dinitramide ( 5 ) and low soluble potassium perchlorate. Compounds 2 – 5 were characterized by low temperature single X‐ray diffraction, IR and Raman as well as multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry. The heats of formation of 1 – 5 were calculated by the CBS‐4M method to be 81.1 ( 1 ), 124.7 ( 2 ), –76.1 ( 3 ), –25.2 ( 4 ) and 138.7 ( 5 ) kJ·mol–1. With these values as well as the X‐ray densities several detonation parameters were calculated using both computer codes EXPLO5.03 and EXPLO5.04. In addition, the sensitivities of 1 – 5 were determined by the BAM drophammer and friction tester as well as a small scale electrical discharge device. 相似文献
4.
Jing Shang Jianguo Zhang Tonglai Zhang Huisheng Huang Shaowen Zhang Yuanjie Shu 《中国化学》2012,30(7):1624-1630
The geometric conformation and electronic structure of bis‐(5‐nitro‐2H‐tetrazolato‐N2)tetraammine cobalt(III) perchlorate and its Ni/Fe/Cu/Zn analogues are studied under the TPSS (Tao‐Perdew‐Staroverov‐Scuseria) levels of density functional theory in order to throw light on the relationship between their energy gaps and impact sensitivity. While the perchlorate ions are coordinated with the copper cation, which is different from the other four compounds. NBO (Natural bond orbital) analyses indicated that the metal‐ligand interaction in the Co complex is covalent, while the others are ionic. The analysis of the electrostatic potential demonstrated that the O atoms from the nitro‐tetrazole ring and perchlorate were primarily negative, while the other atoms were positive. The study was also conducted to gain a better understanding of the correlation of the energy gap and impact sensitivity. 相似文献
5.
Dr. Jesse J. Sabatini James M. Raab Dr. Ronald K. Hann Jr. Dr. Reddy Damavarapu Prof. Dr. Thomas M. Klapötke 《化学:亚洲杂志》2012,7(7):1657-1663
The development of perchlorate‐free hand‐held signal illuminants for the US Army’s M195 green star parachute is described. Compared with the perchlorate‐containing control, the optimized perchlorate‐free illuminants were less sensitive toward various ignition stimuli while offering comparable burn times and visible‐light outputs. The results were also important from the perspective of civilian fireworks because the development of perchlorate‐free illuminants remains an important objective of the commercial fireworks industry. 相似文献
6.
Zekra Mousavi Agnieszka Teter Andrzej Lewenstam Magdalena Maj‐Zurawska Ari Ivaska Johan Bobacka 《Electroanalysis》2011,23(6):1352-1358
Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were compared with poly(3‐octylthiophene) (POT) as ion‐to‐electron transducer in all‐solid‐state potassium ion‐selective electrodes with valinomycin‐based ion‐selective membranes. MWCNTs and POT were mixed with the other components of the potassium ion‐selective membrane cocktail (valinomycin, KTpClPB, o‐NPOE, PVC, THF) which was then applied on a glassy carbon (GC) substrate to prepare single‐piece ion‐selective electrodes (SPISEs). Results from potentiometric and impedance measurements showed that the MWCNT‐based electrodes have a more reproducuible standard potential and a lower overall impedance than the electrodes based on POT. Both types of electrodes showed similar sensitivity to potassium ions and no redox sensitivity. 相似文献
7.
The present work describes reduction of iodate (IO3?), and periodate (IO4?) at silicomolybdate‐doped‐glutaraldehyde‐cross‐linked poly‐L ‐lysine (PLL‐GA‐SiMo) film coated glassy carbon electrode in 0.1 M H2SO4. In our previous study, we were able to prepare the PLL‐GA‐SiMo film modified electrode by means of electrostatically trapping SiMo12O404? mediator in the cationic film of PLL‐GA, and the voltammetric investigation in pure supporting indicated that the charge transport through the film was fast. Here, the electrocatalytic activity of PLL‐GA‐SiMo film electrode towards iodate and periodate was tested and subsequently used for analytical determination of these analytes by amperometry. The two electron reduced species of SiMo12O404? anion was responsible for the electrocatalytic reduction of IO3? at PLL‐GA‐SiMo film electrode while two and six electron reduced species were showed electrocatalytic activity towards IO4? reduction. Under optimized experimental conditions of amperometry, the linear concentration range and sensitivity are 2.5×10?6 to 1.1×10?2 M and 18.47 μA mM?1 for iodate, and 5×10?6 to 1.43×10?4 M and 1014.7 μA mM?1 for periodate, respectively. 相似文献
8.
Dr. Wei Liu Dr. Qiu‐Han Lin Dr. Yu‐Zhang Yang Dr. Xue‐Jiao Zhang Prof. Yu‐Chuan Li Dr. Zhi‐Hui Lin Prof. Si‐Ping Pang 《化学:亚洲杂志》2014,9(2):479-486
A family of energetic salts with high thermal stability and low impact sensitivity based on an oxygen‐containing cation, 2,4‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazine‐6‐one, were synthesized and fully characterized by IR and multinuclear (1H, 13C) NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Insights into their sensitivities towards impact, friction, and electrostatics were gained by submitting the materials to standard tests. The structures of 2,4‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazine‐6‐one nitrate, 2,4‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazine‐6‐one sulfate, 2,4‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazine‐6‐one perchlorate, 2,4‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazine‐6‐one 5‐nitrotetrazolate were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction; their densities are 1.691, 1.776, 1.854, and 1.636 g cm?3, respectively. Most of the salts decompose at temperatures over 180 °C; in particular, the salts 2,4‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazine‐6‐one nitrate and 2,4‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazine‐6‐one perchlorate, which decompose at 303.3 and 336.4 °C, respectively, are fairly stable. Furthermore, most of the salts exhibit excellent impact sensitivities (>40 J), friction sensitivities (>360 N), and are insensitive to electrostatics. The measured densities of these energetic salts range from 1.64 to 2.01 g cm?3. The detonation pressure values calculated for these salts range from 14.6 to 29.2 GPa, and the detonation velocities range from 6536 to 8275 m s?1; these values make the salts potential candidates for thermally stable and insensitive energetic materials. 相似文献
9.
Lszl Somogyi 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2006,43(5):1141-1150
10.
Valery Shibaev Alexey Medvedev Alexey Bobrovsky 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2008,46(19):6532-6541
An approach for the creation of a novel family of multifunctional crown‐ether‐containing comb‐shaped copolyacrylates consisting of chromophoric (azobenzene), ionophoric (crown‐ether), and mesogenic groups in the same macromolecule was developed. Phase behavior of the copolymers was studied, and correlation between their molecular structure and thermal properties was established. The increase of crown‐ether‐containing groups' concentration up to 26 mol % leads to disruption of nematic order and formation of amorphous phase. Influence of copolymers complexation with potassium perchlorate on mesomorphic properties of such systems was investigated. It was shown that complexation leads to decrease in mesophase thermostability due to the significant reducing of the side group anisometry by perchlorate counter ion. The comparative investigations of photooptical properties and photoorientation processes of copolymers and their complexes were also performed. An essential difference in kinetics of photooptical behavior was revealed; the bulky crown‐ether substituents decrease rotational mobility and prevent photoorientation process of azobenzene fragments diminishing photoinduced orientation and order parameter. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6532–6541, 2008 相似文献
11.
D. G. Cherkasov M. P. Smotrov K. K. Il’in 《Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Focus on Chemistry》2011,85(4):590-597
Phase equilibria and critical phenomena in the potassium perchlorate-water-n-butoxyethanol ternary system, where the boundary liquid binary system is characterized by the presence of a closed stratification
region, were studied by the visual-polythermal method over the temperature range 40–150°C. The temperature of the formation
of the critical monotectic equilibrium tie line (141.0°C) and temperature dependences of the compositions of mixtures corresponding
to the critical solubility points of the stratification region over the temperature ranges 47.7–130.3 and 141.0–150.0°C were
determined. The isotherms of phase states constructed at 10 temperatures were used to reveal the topological transformation
of the phase diagram of the ternary system depending on temperature. At low concentrations (up to 5.8 wt %), potassium perchlorate
had a salting in action on heterogeneous water-n-butoxyethanol mixtures. The solubility of the salt increased as the temperature grew, and, above 141.0°C, potassium perchlorate
had a salting out action. The salting out of n-butoxyethanol from aqueous solutions by potassium perchlorate grew stronger as the temperature increased. 相似文献
12.
Peng Xu Xin Ji Volker Abetz Shimei Jiang Jiacong Shen 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2008,46(19):2047-2053
Polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) diblock copolymer was functionalized with luminescent chlorotricarbonyl rhenium (I) phenanthroline complex in the presence of silver perchlorate. The copolymer‐metal complex showed high sensitivity to the solvent system. Different morphologies and dimensions of the rhenium complex within nanosized micelles were controlled by changing the solvent systems. Core‐embedded rhenium complex within micelles appear by adding methanol, a poor solvent for the copolymer‐metal complex, to the solution of common solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF); the number of the core‐embedded rhenium complex and the scale of the micelles are strongly related to the addition of methanol. Moreover, a novel morphology of corona‐embedded rhenium complex micelles was prepared by dropping the original THF solution of copolymer‐metal complex into water at a low pH value. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2047–2053, 2008 相似文献
13.
As an energy‐storage system, rechargeable potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have aroused widespread attention in recent years due to their earth abundance, low standard redox potential, and high ionic conductivity. The development of high‐performance electrode materials is key to optimize the battery performance and useful to improve the feasibility of PIB technology. In this sense, a minireview on alloying‐type anode materials for advanced PIBs is provided, covering the potassium storage properties, reaction mechanisms, theoretical analysis, electrochemical performance, and suitable binders and electrolytes. 相似文献
14.
Na Liu Ai‐Ling Cheng En‐Qing Gao 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2007,63(2):o93-o95
In 3,4‐di‐2‐pyridyl‐1,2,5‐oxadiazole (dpo), C12H8N4O, each molecule resides on a twofold axis and interacts with eight neighbours via four C—H⋯N and four C—H⋯O interactions to generate a three‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonded architecture. In the perchlorate analogue, 2‐[3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,5‐oxadiazol‐4‐yl]pyridinium perchlorate, C12H9N4O+·ClO4− or [Hdpo]ClO4, the [Hdpo]+ cation is bisected by a crystallographic mirror plane, and the additional H atom in the cation is shared by the two pyridyl N atoms to form a symmetrical intramolecular N⋯H⋯N hydrogen bond. The cations and perchlorate anions are linked through C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions to form one‐dimensional tubes along the b‐axis direction. 相似文献
15.
Oleksandr S. Bushuyev Dr. Geneva R. Peterson Dr. Preston Brown Dr. Amitesh Maiti Dr. Richard H. Gee Prof. Brandon L. Weeks Prof. Louisa J. Hope‐Weeks 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(5):1706-1711
Second‐generation cobalt and zinc coordination architectures were obtained through efforts to stabilize extremely sensitive and energetic transition‐metal hydrazine perchlorate ionic polymers. Partial ligand substitution by the tridentate hydrazinecarboxylate anion afforded polymeric 2D‐sheet structures never before observed for energetic materials. Carefully balanced reaction conditions allowed the retention of the noncoordinating perchlorate anion in the presence of a strongly chelating hydrazinecarboxylate ligand. High‐quality X‐ray single‐crystal structure determination revealed that the metal coordination preferences lead to different structural motifs and energetic properties, despite the nearly isoformulaic nature of the two compounds. Energetic tests indicate highly decreased sensitivity and DFT calculations suggest a high explosive performance for these remarkable structures. 相似文献
16.
Miroslav Bo
a Duan Valigura Ingrid Svoboda Hartmut Fuess Wolfgang Linert 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2000,56(7):838-839
The title compound, C19H14N5+·ClO4?·H2O, contains planar C19H14N5+ cations, perchlorate anions and water molecules. The two closest parallel cations (plane‐to‐plane distance of 3.41 Å), together with two neighbouring perchlorate anions and two water molecules, form an electrically neutral quasi‐dimeric unit. Two acidic H atoms of the cation, both H atoms of the water molecule, the N atoms of the imidazole rings and three of the four O atoms of the perchlorate anion are involved in the hydrogen‐bonding network within the dimeric unit. The remaining third acidic H atom of the imidazole rings and the water molecules complete a two‐dimensional network of hydrogen bonds, thus forming puckered layers of dimers. The angle between the planes of two neighbouring dimeric units in the same layer is 33.25 (3)°. 相似文献
17.
Lin Li Luojia Liu Zhe Hu Yong Lu Qiannan Liu Song Jin Qiu Zhang Shuo Zhao Shu‐Lei Chou 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(31):12917-12924
Graphite shows great potential as an anode material for rechargeable metal‐ion batteries because of its high abundance and low cost. However, the electrochemical performance of graphite anode materials for rechargeable potassium‐ion batteries needs to be further improved. Reported herein is a natural graphite with superior rate performance and cycling stability obtained through a unique K+‐solvent co‐intercalation mechanism in a 1 m KCF3SO3 diethylene glycol dimethyl ether electrolyte. The co‐intercalation mechanism was demonstrated by ex situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and in situ X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, the structure of the [K‐solvent]+ complexes intercalated with the graphite and the conditions for reversible K+‐solvent co‐intercalation into graphite are proposed based on the experimental results and first‐principles calculations. This work provides important insights into the design of natural graphite for high‐performance rechargeable potassium‐ion batteries. 相似文献
18.
David B. Cordes Dr. Marcin Smiglak Dr. C. Corey Hines Nicholas J. Bridges Dr. Meghna Dilip Dr. Geetha Srinivasan Dr. Andreas Metlen Dr. Robin D. Rogers Prof. 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2009,15(48):13441-13448
New, potentially green, and efficient synthetic routes for the remediation and/or re‐use of perchlorate‐based energetic materials have been developed. Four simple organic imidazolium‐ and phosphonium‐based perchlorate salts/ionic liquids have been synthesized by simple, inexpensive, and nonhazardous methods, using ammonium perchlorate as the perchlorate source. By appropriate choice of the cation, perchlorate can be incorporated into an ionic liquid which serves as its own electrolyte for the electrochemical reduction of the perchlorate anion, allowing for the regeneration of the chloride‐based parent ionic liquid. The electrochemical degradation of the hazardous perchlorate ion and its conversion to harmless chloride during electrolysis was studied using IR and 35Cl NMR spectroscopies. 相似文献
19.
This investigation presents novel thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) based on poly(styrene‐butadiene‐styrene) (SBS) and ester‐type polyurethane (TPU‐EX) materials were prepared with varying compositions. A series of investigations were conducted on the relationships between mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, anti‐vibration and vibration isolator properties given, and the different compositions. The experimental results show incompatibilities between SBS and TPU‐EX. SBS mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, anti‐vibration and vibration isolator properties are improved with an increase in the amount of TPU‐EX, suggesting that the blending of SBS with TPU‐EX was consistent with the compound rule. Based on the obtained results, the viscoelasticity of SBS materials, their capacity to isolate vibration, and their anti‐vibration performance can be adjusted by controlling the proportion of TPU‐EX. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Maximilian H. H. Wurzenberger Michael S. Gruhne Marcus Lommel Norbert Szimhardt Thomas M. Klaptke Jrg Stierstorfer 《化学:亚洲杂志》2019,14(11):2018-2028
Energetic coordination compounds (ECC) based on 3d or 4d transition metals show promising characteristics to be used as potential replacements for highly toxic lead‐containing primary explosives. Herein we report the synthesis of 12 new ECC based on 1‐azidoethyl‐5H‐tetrazole (AET) or 1‐ethyl‐5H‐tetrazole (1‐ETZ) as nitrogen‐rich ligands as well as various central metals (Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Ag+) and anions such as perchlorate and nitrate. The influence of the increased endothermicity by adding an additional azide group was studied by comparing analogous ECC based on AET and 1‐ETZ. Furthermore, the compounds were extensively analyzed by XRD, IR, EA, solid‐state UV/Vis, and DTA as well as their sensitivities toward impact and friction were determined with BAM standard techniques, together with their sensitivity against electrostatic discharge. The sensitivities were compared with the one toward ball drop impact measurements. Classical initiation tests (nitropenta filled detonators) and ignition by laser irradiation highly prove the potential use of the most promising compounds in lead‐free initiation systems. 相似文献