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1.
王喆  赵志西 《化学通报》2020,83(1):23-29
高砷地下水污染是一个全球性的环境问题.在特定地质、地貌、气候和水文及水化学条件下,含砷矿物发生吸附-脱附反应,砷元素迁移和释放进入水体,导致高砷地下水生成并危害周围人群健康.本文在系统总结前人研究工作基础上,从吸附质和吸附剂两方面讨论了竞争吸附、氧化还原、pH和有机质等因素对砷吸附-脱附行为的影响,总结得到三种砷吸附-...  相似文献   

2.
纳米氧化铁的制备及其对砷的吸附作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
用均匀沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶相转移法和溶胶-凝胶蒸发干燥法制备了纳米氧化铁,研究了制备条件,并对产品进行了表征。扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析结果表明,以上3种方法制备的氧化铁,颗粒均在100~300 nm之间。用溶胶-凝胶蒸发干燥法制备的样品C和样品D具备典型α型Fe2O3的物相特征。吸附实验表明,合成的纳米氧化铁对砷(Ⅴ)均有较强的吸附性能,在初始砷质量浓度为2 mg/L,pH值在4.0~6.0的范围内,能使溶液中的砷含量降到0.01 mg/L以下,且吸附速度快,平衡时间短。溶胶-凝胶蒸发干燥法制备的纳米氧化铁在pH值为3.0、7.0和10.0时的最大砷吸附容量分别为30.96、30.58和17.06 mg/g,与其他纳米氧化物相比,用此方法制备的纳米氧化铁对As(V)有较大的吸附能力,较普通块体氧化铁的吸附除砷性能更优。其吸附等温线能用Langmuir方程进行拟合,确定系数R2>0.95。  相似文献   

3.
靳廷甲  章祥林  徐建 《应用化学》2016,33(3):336-342
采用化学共沉淀法合成了一种腐植酸(Humic Acid,HA)包覆铁酸锰型磁性复合材料(MnFe2O4/HA)。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等技术手段对其进行表征和分析表明,合成产物颗粒大小约200 nm,具有典型的尖晶石结构,腐植酸成功包覆在MnFe2O4颗粒表面,饱和磁化强度为34.01 A·m2/kg,在外界低磁场作用下30 s内便可从水溶液分离。 MnFe2O4/HA对亚甲基蓝的吸附是一个准二级动力学过程,在2 h达到平衡,较好的符合Langmuir吸附模型。 与MnFe2O4相比其对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力显著增强,室温下pH=9时最大吸附量可以达到29.94 mg/g。 MnFe2O4/HA可以作为一种有效去除水体中亚甲基蓝污染物的吸附材料。  相似文献   

4.
通过FTIR、FR分析了天祝腐植酸吸附重金属Ni2+离子前后的红外光谱、荧光强度的变化,对重金属离子Ni2+进行了吸附性能及机理研究.结果表明:在室温条件下(20℃~ 25℃),吸附最佳pH=6,吸附平衡时间约为5h.符合Freundlich吸附模型,相关系数R=0.9998,特性常数n为2.49.腐植酸对Ni2+有较好的吸附性能,其吸附过程可用Ho准二级反应动力学模型描述.  相似文献   

5.
作者用HYY弱碱树脂对链霉素的分离纯化进行了实验,详细地研究了树脂的吸附和脱附性能,吸附量达28万/ml树脂,脱附率达96%,获得了较满意的结果。  相似文献   

6.
通过分析天祝褐煤腐植酸吸附重金属Cr6+前后的红外光谱、荧光强度的变化,进行其对重金属离子Cr6+的吸附性能及机理研究。结果表明,在室温条件下(20~25℃),吸附最佳pH=5、吸附平衡时间约为12h,符合Freundlich吸附模型,相关系数R=0.9933,特性常数n为2.3820。腐植酸对Cr6+有较好的吸附性能,其吸附过程可用Ho准二级反应动力学模型描述。  相似文献   

7.
AASI—2树脂对绞股蓝皂甙的吸附与洗脱性能   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文详尽地研究了AASI-2树脂对绞股蓝皂甙的静态、动态吸附与脱附性能以及影响因素,确定了AASI-2树脂最佳工作条件,并考察了基在绞股蓝皂甙生产中应用的可能性。结果表明:AASI-2树脂是一优良的绞股蓝皂甙吸附剂。  相似文献   

8.
提取腐植酸后的残渣对Cu2+的吸附性能研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了天祝褐煤中提取腐植酸后的残渣对Cu2+的吸附性能。结果表明,在室温(20~25℃)条件下,吸附平衡时间约为5h,吸附最佳pH为5~6,相关系数R为0.9889,特性常数n为3.449。吸附符合Freundfich吸附等温式,提取腐植酸后的残渣对Cu2+有较好的吸附性能,其吸附过程可用Ho准二级反应动力学模型描述。  相似文献   

9.
砷锑钼杂多酸络合吸附波的研究及应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
  相似文献   

10.
采用TPD技术对13X分子筛的表面酸性及3种硫化促进剂在其表面上的动态行为进行了研究。结果表明,13X分子筛具有吸附能量高低不等的多种表面酸性吸附部位。对于吸附型缓释交联剂,有效的表面吸附部位为弱化学吸附位.表观脱附动力学计算结果表明,不同的硫化促进剂从13X分子筛表面有效部位脱出时,其动力学特征亦不同,但均与晶内扩散有关,表观脱附活化能(kJ/mol)分别为51.5(二乙胺)、68.6(环己胺)和78.3(乙二胺)。  相似文献   

11.
12.
研究了褐煤中重要的成分腐殖酸对褐煤水分的影响。测定了内蒙胜利褐煤中腐殖酸含氧官能团的含量,并分析了褐煤、棕黑腐殖酸和残余煤的等温吸附和脱附曲线。通过Dent吸附等温模型研究了褐煤和棕黑腐殖酸第一层吸附和第二层吸附。结果表明,胜利褐煤2/5羧基和1/5羟基是由腐殖酸提供的。棕黑腐殖酸相对褐煤孔径和孔容较小,不利于水簇的形成。腐殖酸对褐煤的复吸水是不利的  相似文献   

13.
磁性壳聚糖去除水中腐殖酸的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用高温水热法合成了磁性壳聚糖,并研究了其对水中腐殖酸(HA)的吸附、脱附行为。表征结果表明,磁性壳聚糖粒径大小为200~300nm,氨基含量1.29mmol·g-1,BET比表面积36.00m2·g-1,饱和磁化强度为38.78emu·g-1,易于磁性分离。HA在磁性壳聚糖上的吸附等温线可用Freundlich方程模拟,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程。HA的吸附量随溶液pH值的升高而降低,随不同阳离子浓度增加而增加,不同类型的阳离子对HA吸附效果影响的大小顺序为:Ca2+Mg2+Na+K+。经5个脱附再生循环,磁性壳聚糖仍能保持79.8%的吸附量,表明该吸附剂再生性好,可循环使用。  相似文献   

14.
The adsorption of roxarsone (ROX) on the humic acid modified goethite (HA-α-FeOOH) was evaluated for several potential environmental factors. Results showed that 1) ROX had a higher adsorption capacity onto HA-α-FeOOH than unmodified α-FeOOH; 2) the adsorption of ROX increased with a decrease in pH; 3) the high ionic strength significantly inhibited the adsorption capacity of HA-α-FeOOH; and 4) a higher temperature yielded greater adsorption, since the process for ROX to be adsorbed by HA-α-FeOOH was a spontaneous endothermic reaction. The maximum adsorption capacity of ROX was found to be 80.71?mg?·?g?1, when the temperature was 308?K. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effects of ionic strength and PO43? on the adsorption of ROX onto HA-α-FeOOH were enhanced with an increase in concentration. In addition, the adsorption equilibrium data obeyed Langmuir isotherm model and the kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. From the infrared spectra of HA-α-FeOOH, it could be deduced that the ROX adsorption onto HA-α-FeOOH was achieved via the ion exchange between the arsenic acid and the carboxyl group on adsorbent, as well as the formation of As-O-Fe bond between Fe-O and arsenic acid ions.  相似文献   

15.
纳米TiO_2对水中腐殖酸的吸附及光催化降解   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了水体中腐殖酸 ( HA)在纳米 Ti O2 颗粒上的吸附行为 ,并探讨了其吸附机理 ,还研究了 HA的Ti O2 光催化降解效果 .结果表明 ,Ti O2 对 HA的吸附作用明显依赖于水溶液的 p H,也取决于 Ti O2 的零电荷点 ;HA的光催化降解效果与其在催化剂表面的吸附行为密切相关 ,提高吸附速率 ,HA的去除率也随之提高 ;增加催化剂用量也能改善降解程度  相似文献   

16.
腐殖酸自水溶液中吸附亚甲基蓝的热力学与机理研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
腐殖酸是自然界植物残体经腐解后的产物 ,为一种复杂的天然大分子有机质 ,分子内主要含有羰基、羧基、醇羟基、酚羟基等多种活性官能团 ,因此它具有弱酸性、亲水性、吸附性和络合性 ,能够与许多有机、无机物发生相互作用。腐殖酸能作为水处理过程中的吸附剂 ,研究它对水中各类污染物的吸附规律和机理是十分有意义的。赵振国等[1~ 3] 运用吸附过程的ΔG 、ΔH 、ΔS 等热力学函数的变化来探讨吸附机理 ,得出了一些有意义的结论。我们将这一方法应用到水溶液体系中 ,探讨在不同吸附条件下各吸附热力学函数的变化 ,以期对吸附过程有更进一…  相似文献   

17.
    
In this study, a novel hydrogel composite, poly[2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate]/pumice (PDMAEMA/Pmc) was designed and its sorption behavior for humic acid (HA) was produced by using batch adsorption techniques. FTIR results showed that pumice was well incorporated with the PDMAEMA matrix. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used in order to determine the morphology of composite hydrogel. In the batch experiments, the adsorption capacity was evaluated depending on different variables such as ionic strength; initial HA concentration; pH and adsorbent dosage. The adsorption capacity was found to be 86.27 mg/g under the optimized conditions. The results revealed that HA adsorption onto PDMAEMA/Pmc was well expressed by the Freundlich isotherm model and the adsorption process was followed by the pseudo second order kinetic model. The reusability tests also indicated that novel PDMAEMA/Pmc adsorbent was an efficient and cost-effective adsorbent for removal of HA.  相似文献   

18.
腐植酸类物质应用研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
腐植酸作为一种资源广泛存在于自然界中,它是影响环境生态平衡的重要因素,也是潜在的、可大力开发和综合利用的有机资源.腐植酸类物质具有多种活性官能团,具有酸性、亲水性、界面活性、阳离子交换能力、络合作用及吸附分散能力.本文对腐植酸进行了分类,综述了其应用领域以及腐植酸类物质应用中存在的问题和应用前景.  相似文献   

19.
The pH-driven adsorption and desorption of fatty acid monolayers at the liquid crystal (LC)–water interface were studied. We doped fatty acids (stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, dodecanoic acid, and decanoic acid) into 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB), and employed sessile LC droplets as our experimental platform. Under a crossed polariser, the LC droplets displayed a bright flower bud-shaped texture at low pH, whereas at high pH, they exhibited a bright four-brush appearance due to desorption of the adsorbed fatty acids at the LC–water interface. Furthermore, we identified the critical transition pH of various concentrations of stearic acid and other fatty acids featuring distinct tail lengths. Based on the interfacial behaviour, we propose a new method to estimate the pKa of fatty acids, which opens up new possibilities for simple, precise, and reliable measurement of the pKa of other carboxylic acids. The findings presented herein will greatly facilitate the understanding of the interfacial behaviour of amphiphiles at the oil–water interface.  相似文献   

20.
    
Large-scale groundwater contamination by arsenic (As) requires economical yet reliable analytical procedures to monitor the quality of well water and the effluent of As elimination processes. The silver diethyldithiocarbamate (AgDDTC) method provides the basis of a series of colourimetric tests used as a compromise between semi-quantitative field-test kits and expensive instrumental analytics. This study aimed at understanding the significant As overestimation by the AgDDTC method observed in landfill leachate samples. Results of the AgDDTC test were up to threefold the levels obtained by reference analyses. Overestimation broadly agreed with the time course of chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus in the leachate. We hypothesised that the interference was caused by reduced P species or humic acid (HA), respectively. To test this, As-AgDDTC determinations from As standards were conducted with phosphonic (H3PO3) and phosphinic acid (H3PO2) as well as two commercial HA as matrix components. While H3PO3 showed no effect, H3PO2 in concentrations of 0.06 to 28 mg P L?1 yielded As recoveries of up to 130%. This was probably due to the evolution of phosphine (PH3) as suggested by the absorption spectra recorded after reacting pure PH3 with AgDDTC in pyridine. The HA in concentrations of 0.6–320 mg dissolved organic carbon L?1 gave As recoveries of up to 600%, possibly due to a chromophoric reaction of volatile HA digestion products formed during the reduction step. Significant As overestimation in the presence of the above-named compounds may require pre-oxidation of the samples. To recognise interference effects, the acquisition of full absorbance spectra may be recommendable in lieu of fixed wavelength analyses.  相似文献   

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