星载极化相关型全极化微波辐射计天线交叉极化校正技术 (II) : 校正试验

创建了地球场景数据集, 结合全极化微波辐射传输模型, 仿真了地球场景亮温. 基于自主推导的全极化天线温度方程, 通过GRASP9软件生成天线方向图, 模拟了辐射计的天线温度. 进而利用多元线性回归方法, 求取了天线交叉极化校正M矩阵, 实现了对星载极化相关型全极化微波辐射计天线交叉极化的校正. 试验结果表明: 天线温度与地球场景亮温之间具有良好的线性关系; 天线交叉极化对全极化微波辐射计正交通道亮温影响明显, 尤其以对垂直极化亮温误差的影响最为显著; 校正后各通道的天线交叉极化得到了有效的减小, 交叉极化优于-23 dB, 极化纯度大于99.5%, 采用M矩阵校正及消除天线温度中交叉极化亮温影响的方案是切实可行的. 该校正技术可以实现星载极化相关型全极化微波辐射计在轨运行后对于天线交叉极化的最终校正. 关键词： 全极化微波辐射计 天线交叉极化 天线温度方程 M矩阵')" href="#">M矩阵     

全极化微波辐射计姿态对观测亮温的影响及消除

针对全极化微波辐射计精确探测的需求, 研究了辐射计姿态对于观测亮温的影响以及亮温误差校正. 建立了姿态偏移与观测入射角以及极化旋转角的关系, 模拟了观测亮温随观测入射角以及极化旋转角波动的变化; 仿真了姿态偏移情况下的辐射计原始观测亮温;运用一种基于辐射传输模型的姿态补偿方法, 以垂直极化亮温和第三Stokes参数亮温为例, 对原始观测亮温展开误差校正. 研究显示, 该方法能够有效去除辐射计姿态偏移对观测亮温造成的影响, 校正结果满足辐射计数据预处理的误差精度要求. 关键词： 全极化微波辐射计 Stokes参数 观测入射角 极化旋转角     

星载极化相关型全极化微波辐射计天线交叉极化校正技术(I): 天线温度方程推导

星载极化相关型全极化微波辐射计是一种新型空间被动微波遥感仪器, 为海面风场等海洋大气环境参数的遥感探测提供了重要技术途径. 天线交叉极化校正是其数据预处理算法的重要环节. 本文针对星载极化相关型全极化微波辐射计天线交叉极化校正需求, 以极化相干检测理论为基础, 结合Stokes参数的定义, 自主推导了其适用的全极化天线温度方程. 该方程针对四个Stokes参数天线温度, 引入了Stokes参数之间交叉极化的振幅和相位, 并考虑了极化旋转角对天线方向图计算的影响. 最后, 建立了天线扫描波束与地球场景的几何对应关系, 对天线温度方程中各参数的确定方法进行了探讨. 全极化天线温度方程的建立为进一步开展星载极化相关型全极化微波辐射计天线交叉极化校正奠定了基础. 关键词： 全极化微波辐射计 天线交叉极化 天线温度方程 相干检测     

一种亮度可调积分球光源及其应用技术研究

目前辐亮度计的光谱辐射响应函数采用辐照度标准灯和漫反射白板的方法进行校准,无法实现大动态范围内的线性校准。提出了一种高精度、亮度可调积分球光源,利用固定光阑和可变光阑控制输出辐射亮度,动态范围达到4个数量级;通过对遮光筒式辐亮度计的光谱响应函数进行测试,实验结果表明:遮光筒式辐亮度计的光谱响应函数具有很好的线性特性,且重复性高,一次项系数的标准差为2.78E-17。     

Radiometric Methods of Remote Sensing of Oil Spills on Water Surfaces

We present a comparative analysis of radiometric methods of remote sensing aimed at detecting and monitoring the parameters of oil spills on water surfaces. We consider the method of radio-brightness polarization contrasts and present the results of measuring the oil-film thickness on water, obtained using a two-frequency polarization radiometer with operating frequencies 12.2 and 34 GHz. The radiometric methods of radio-brightness contrasts and frequency scanning applied to the problems of remote sensing of oil-spill parameters are compared.     

基于多角度多光谱Stokes参数Q和U测量反演气溶胶偏振相函数

偏振相函数是气溶胶重要的光学参数之一,它对气溶胶复折射指数、粒子尺度和形状都十分敏感。多角度多光谱偏振遥感可以有效获取气溶胶偏振相函数信息。新一代CIMEL太阳-天空偏振辐射计CE318-DP作为高精度地基气溶胶偏振遥感仪器已被引入全球气溶胶自动观测网AERONET(AErosol RObotic NETwork),并作为扩展多波长偏振测量的太阳-天空辐射计观测网SONET(Sun/sky-radiometer Observation NETwork)的主要仪器,已在不同类型气溶胶观测站点积累了多年的偏振数据。但目前偏振反演仅能利用线偏振度或偏振辐亮度。与线偏振度和偏振辐亮度相比,Stokes参数Q和U不仅包含天空光线偏振强度信息还包含偏振方向信息。利用CE318-DP多光谱多角度测量的天空光Stokes参数Q和U反演气溶胶偏振相函数的方法。针对CE318-DP标准主平面偏振观测模式PPP(Polarized Principal Plane)下Stokes参数U对气溶胶特性变化不敏感、信息难以利用的不足,测试了新的平纬圈偏振扫描模式ALMP(ALMucantar Polarization)获取Stokes参数Q和U,并成功应用于偏振相函数的反演。系统分析了340～1 640 nm多光谱通道上典型生物质燃烧型气溶胶和水溶性气溶胶的-P₁₂/P₁₁反演结果并测试了反演方法在晴朗和灰霾不同大气条件下的适用性。无论在主平面还是平纬圈观测几何下,反演结果在可见光和近红外通道上均与真实值具有较好的一致性。进一步讨论了模型中基于气溶胶参数初始值和大气气溶胶参数真实值计算的“大气单次散射/大气散射”的比值近似相等的假设条件在短波通道不能很好地满足是造成紫外波段反演结果偏差较大的原因之一。后续有待进一步提高反演模型在短波通道的适用性,为利用不同光谱通道上-P₁₂/P₁₁的变化特征改进气溶胶微物理参数反演奠定了基础。     

太赫兹大气遥感技术

由于其独特的大气敏感特性,太赫兹波在大气遥感领域起着越来越重要的作用。国际上太赫兹大气遥感技术发展方兴未艾。2004年,美国NASA发射AURA卫星,探测仪器中包括了具有两种极化的2.5 THz辐射计;2007年,欧空局ESA研制了Marschals外差式光谱仪,采用临边探测方式探测气体成分在亚毫米波段热辐射的高光谱。我国在轨气象卫星风云三号已经具备毫米波段辐射计,风云四号卫星是世界上首颗搭载太赫兹遥感仪的地球静止轨道气象卫星。针对我国大气遥感的现状,在概述国内外太赫兹遥感应用和技术的基础上,提出发展自主知识产权的大气遥感技术的思路;大力发展自主知识产权的太赫兹关键器件、太赫兹探测仪系统集成,研究太赫兹大气探测的新原理和反演新方法,整体提升我国在大气遥感领域的技术水平。     

草原枯萎植物的热红外偏振特性研究

为了探究草原枯萎植物的热红外偏振特性,根据热红外偏振的探测机理,利用热红外辐射计对草原枯萎植物样品进行室内测量,发现其热红外偏振辐射亮度、亮温都有随探测角的增大而增大、随方位角和偏振态的增大先增大后减小的趋势,需要特别说明的是虎尾草在180°方位角的亮温是先减小后增大,实验所反映的热红外偏振特性与物质的粗糙程度、探测方向、物质的内部结构及其发射能力有关,该研究为定量研究奠定了基础。     

The line emissions and polarization in blazars

The correlations between broad-line emission,polarization,and core-dominance parameters are investigated for a sample of 148 blazars(BL Lacertae objects-BLs and flat spectrum radio quasars-FSRQs). An anti-correlation between the broad-line luminosity and the linear polarization is found. The broad-line and polarization relation can be explained by using a relativistic beaming model,which perhaps suggests that BL Lacs and FSRQs are a single class. We also investigated the relation between the ratio of the broad-line luminosity to the Eddington luminosity and linear polarization,and that between the ratio of the broad-line luminosity to the Eddington luminosity and the core-dominance parameter.     

Theory of multiphoton and tunnel ionization in a bichromatic field

The imaginary-time method [6, 7] is used to calculate the multiphoton and tunnel ionization probabilities for atoms in a laser radiation field part of which is converted into the second harmonic. We assume that the first harmonic has a linear or elliptical polarization and the second harmonic is polarized linearly, with its polarization vector making an arbitrary angle with that of the first harmonic. The mean momentum of the photoelectrons knocked out from atoms is shown to depend on the phase shift between the first and second harmonics and their mutual polarization and to be identically equal to zero for a monochromatic field. An important difference between the case of elliptical polarization and the case of linear polarization of both harmonics is the absence of conditions under which the conditions for dominance of one of the two generation mechanisms considered here can be identified during the generation of terahertz radiation from the region of optical breakdown in a gas.     

Polarization vortices generation by diffraction from a four quadrant polarization mask

In this work we analyze the generation of an array of polarization singularities (polarization vortices) in the diffracted field produced by a simple four quadrant polarization mask, which transmits two orthogonal linear states in different quadrants. We use the Jones matrix method to analyze the polarization and diffraction characteristics of the diffracted field. We show that the same four quadrant mask can be used to generate either azimuth or ellipticity singularities simply by changing the input polarization. We experimentally verify the theory by generating the four quadrant polarization mask using a twisted nematic liquid crystal display. We show experimental results that confirm the theoretical predictions.     

Properties of polarization evolution in spun fibers

We study the properties of polarization evolution in sinusoidally spun fibers. It is found that, similar to linear birefringent fibers, the evolution of the state of polarization exhibits periodicity, which can be measured by distributed measurement, such as those made with a polarization optical time domain reflectometer. The spatial period is linked with the spin parameters and fiber beat length in a simple equation. In combination with a previous finding, it is shown that the spatial period is uniquely related to spun-fiber polarization mode dispersion. This suggests that distributed fiber polarization mode dispersion can be determined throughthe measurement of the spatial period obtained in a distributed measurement.     

Giant optical anisotropy in single InAs quantum dots

We present the experimental evidence of giant optical anisotropy in single InAs QDs. Polarization-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy in single QDs reveals a linear polarization ratio which fluctuates, from one dot to another, in sign and in magnitude with absolute values up to 82%. We do not observe any dependence of the linear polarization on incident power and temperature.     

Polarization anisotropy of exciton in self-assembled elliptical InP/InGaP quantum dots

Optical anisotropy of self-assembled elliptical InP quantum dots has been investigated in terms of the polarization dependence of excitons. Although large size inhomogeneity is present, two kinds of characteristic quantum dots, which are classified into large and small quantum dots, were found in terms of the polarization anisotropy. We have confirmed that the large quantum dots are more pronounced in the polarization anisotropy, where the degree of linear polarization for the large quantum dots is significantly larger (∼60%) than that for the small ones (∼36%). The effective shape of quantum dots is also estimated by using the size dependence of oscillator strength, which is in agreement with the AFM image. We also suggest that the anisotropy of exciton oscillator strength can be modified via the dipole–dipole interaction between nearest exciton dipoles.     

复现坎德拉的测试方法研究

介绍一种利用低温辐射计算复现坎德拉的新方法，并把它与电校准绝对辐射计法进行了比较。该方法用低温射计测出滤光辐射计的绝对光谱响应，从而使坎德拉的复现成为可能。     

Imaging Simulation for MMW Synthetic Aperture Radiometer

A synthetic aperture radiometer is a new type of passive remote sensing instrument that can reach high spatial resolution. Restricted by antenna element size and operating wavelength, however, the system design is difficult at MMW band. In this paper, main technical parameters optimization of a synthetic aperture radiometer is discussed. Based on low-redundancy linear arrays, a millimeter wave synthetic aperture radiometric imaging scheme is presented. The simulation experimental results show that the system imaging effect depends on the synthetic aperture antenna pattern.     

Binary polarization pupil filter: Theoretical analysis and experimental realization with a liquid crystal display

The Jones matrix formalism has been applied to evaluate the response of an optical system when a non-uniform polarizing pupil is introduced. With this formalism we analyze and experimentally demonstrate the properties of a binary polarization pupil filter having two regions with two orthogonal linear polarization orientations. We first study the case when no analyzer is placed behind the pupil filter, and both, the transversal and the axial behavior are described in terms of the intensity and the local state of polarization. Then it is shown how the response of the optical system can be easily changed through the orientation of an analyzer placed behind the pupil. We experimentally verified the theory using a twisted nematic liquid crystal display, which produces two orthogonal linear polarization states for two different addressed voltages.     

Arbitrary linear THz wave polarization converter with cracked cross meta-surface

This Letter presents a double-layer structure combining a cracked cross meta-surface and grating surface to realize arbitrary incident linear terahertz(THz) wave polarization conversion. The arbitrary incident linear polarization THz wave will be induced with the same resonant modes in the unit cell, which results in polarization conversion insensitive to the linear polarization angle. Moreover, the zigzag-shaped resonant surface current leads to a strong magnetic resonance between the meta-surface and gratings, which enhances the conversion efficiency. The experimental results show that a more than 70% conversion rate can be achieved under arbitrary linear polarization within a wide frequency band. Moreover, around 0.89 THz nearly perfect polarization conversion is realized.     

Polarized light propagation through tissue phantoms containing densely packed scatterers

We demonstrate that polarized light is maintained differently in densely packed versus dilute suspensions of polystyrene microspheres. The degrees of linear and circular polarization were measured versus scatterer concentration in aqueous suspensions of 0.48-, 0.99-, 2.092-, and 9.14-mum-diameter polystyrene microspheres. The results indicate that, for dilute suspensions of microspheres where independent scattering is assumed, the degrees of linear and circular polarization decrease as the scatterer concentration increases. For dense suspensions, however, the degree of polarization begins to increase as the scatterer concentration increases. The preferential propagation of linear over circular polarization states in dense suspensions is similar to results seen in biological tissue.     

Controlling fluorescence emission by plasmonic toroidal dipolar resonance in a ring-groove metastructure

We propose a ring-groove nanostructure which can achieve toroidal dipolar resonance under normal incidence, and find that this design, due to the strong field confinement for this dipolar resonance, can simultaneously enhance the radiative decay rate and achieve high degree of linear polarization of the fluorescence emission. In addition, both radiation enhancement and degree of linear polarization are higher than those by other structure that cannot obtain toroidal dipolar resonance. It is expected that this design can promote the development of polarized light-emitting devices with enhanced emission intensity and potentially functional toroidal metasurface lasers.