重金属离子富集检测的微量热研究

采用微量热技术对重金属离子的富集检测过程进行了研究. 采用流动注射分析法研究了重金属离子进样顺序、 样品进样流速和载体树脂颗粒粒径对重金属离子抑制脲酶催化反应的影响, 优化了脲酶及重金属离子进样量, 获得了脲酶固定化及重金属离子富集条件的优化参数. 结果表明, 在低流速(0.1 mL/min), 载体树脂颗粒粒径为0.5～0.6 mm, 脲酶进样量为3 mL, 重金属离子进样量为5 mL的条件下, 先进行重金属离子的富集, 再检测其对固定化脲酶催化反应的影响可得到较好的检测效果. 在实验浓度范围内, 4种重金属离子对脲酶催化反应的影响顺序为砷离子>铜离子>镉离子>铅离子. 本文对重金属离子进行了适当的富集, 降低其检测下限, 为采用微量热法进行重金属离子的快速检测提供了理论依据.     

重金属检测方法的研究进展

重金属离子污染日益成为环境污染的重点,危害人体的健康.因此,对重金属的防治工作刻不容缓,对于重金属离子的检测就显得尤为重要.介绍了常见的用于重金属离子检测的技术,包括原子荧光光度法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、电感耦合等离子发射光谱法、高效液相色谱法、酶分析法、生物传感器、免疫分析法.并讨论了现存重金属检测技术存在的问题和未来检测技术的发展方向。     

纳米材料修饰电极在重金属离子检测中的应用

本文介绍了近年来纳米材料修饰电极在重金属离子检测中的研究现状,分析了这些修饰电极的特点,重点阐述了纳米材料在重金属离子检测中的重要作用,列举了一些纳米材料修饰电极在重金属离子检测中的应用,最后对纳米材料修饰电极用于重金属离子的检测研究进行了简要评述和展望。     

金纳米粒子在重金属离子检测方面的应用研究

近年来,贵金属纳米材料由于其具有独特的光学性质、稳定性、生物相容性和自身的结构特性等优点,被广泛用于重金属检测领域。总结了近年来金纳米粒子在重金属离子检测方面的研究现状,最后对贵金属纳米材料在重金属离子检测中的发展前景进行了展望。     

金纳米粒子在重金属离子检测方面的应用研究

近年来,贵金属纳米材料由于其具有独特的光学性质、稳定性、生物相容性和自身的结构特性等优点,被广泛用于重金属检测领域。总结了近年来金纳米粒子在重金属离子检测方面的研究现状,最后对贵金属纳米材料在重金属离子检测中的发展前景进行了展望。     

核酸适配体-荧光传感技术在重金属检测领域的应用

重金属污染环境后难以自然降解或无害化,进入有机体后有较强的生物蓄积性,会对环境安全和人类健康造成巨大威胁;此外,有些高毒重金属离子还可作为蓄意投毒、威胁恐吓的恐怖剂.因此,对环境中的重金属离子实现快速、现场检测尤为重要.传统仪器检测方法前处理复杂、成本高、操作需要专业人员,现场应用受限.近年来随着技术的发展和新材料的应...     

载双硫腙螯合纤维制备及富集重金属离子研究

合成了一种聚苯乙烯基载双硫腙 (DzS) 螯合纤维,研究了该纤维对4种重金属离子的螯合性能,讨论了吸附酸度、吸附时间等对4种重金属吸附性能的影响,选择了适当的反应条件,得出了该螯合纤维对重金属离子吸附量及选择性大小顺序:Pd(Ⅱ)>Cu(Ⅱ)>Co(Ⅱ)>Cd(Ⅱ),指出该纤维与石墨炉原子吸收分光光度测定法结合,可成功地应用于环境检测天然水样中的重金属离子.     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱的重金属离子检测

以对巯基苯甲酸为拉曼标记和自组装修饰分子, 在光亮金基底上修饰后作为检测基底, 在金纳米粒子表面修饰后获得具有表面增强拉曼光谱信号的标记金溶胶. 修饰的基底及纳米离子通过重金属离子与羧基端的配位而发生相互作用, 最终形成“金属基底-对巯基苯甲酸/重金属离子/对巯基苯甲酸-金属纳米颗粒”的三明治结构. 采用扫描电镜表征纳米粒子的组装及以表面增强拉曼光谱检测表面标记分子的信号, 以此实现重金属离子的检测. 以强螯合剂EDTA溶液淋洗三明治结构, 使重金属离子与金属基底以及纳米颗粒上的羧基的配位作用断裂, 获得可再次利用的修饰金基底.     

基于生物敏感界面对重金属离子的检测研究进展

介绍了近年来重金属离子检测的研究现状,综述了电化学生物传感器在重金属离子检测中的应用及其在检测灵敏度、选择性、响应速度、易于操作与实时在线检测方面的优点,阐述了基于生物敏感界面构建的电化学生物传感器在重金属离子检测中的重要作用。分类讨论了国内外一些典型的特异性识别重金属的生物受体,如核酸类,蛋白质类有氨基酸、酶、抗原抗体,细胞微生物等用于构建敏感界面而开发的生物传感器在重金属离子检测领域的进展与成果,以及在构建敏感界面的过程中各种新型纳米材料如金属纳米粒子、碳纳米材料、纳米复合材料等的应用对传感器检测效果的影响。最后结合生物传感器的现状及相关学科的发展,展望了电化学生物传感器在重金属离子检测领域的发展方向。     

基于脱氧核酶的重金属离子荧光生物传感器的研究进展

近年来,重金属离子造成严重的水体和土壤污染,极大威胁着人类健康。因此,开发快速简便的重金属离子检测新技术对于食品工业、环境监测等具有重要的意义。基于脱氧核酶的重金属离子荧光生物传感器因其灵敏度高、检测快速且能实时现场进行检测等优点引起国内外研究者的广泛关注。本文就近年来文献中报道的基于脱氧核酶的各类重金属离子荧光生物传感器的构建及其在实际中的应用进行了综述,并对其未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Ions by Phosphate‐mineralization Bacteria and Its Mechanism

Bioremediation of heavy metal ions by phosphate‐mineralization bacteria (PMB), as a new green and en‐ vironmental method, relies on microbe‐inducing phosphate precipitation and can prevent heavy metal ions from transferring. The growth of PMB was investigated via four aspects respectively — the control of incubation time, pH value, environmental conditions, and heavy metal ions. At the same time, phosphate? mineralization precipitations and mechanism of four common kinds of heavy metal ions were analyzed. The experimental results indicated that PMB didn’t grow immediately in the first 5 hours, and they reached to the fastest reproduction rate after 13 hours. The pH value of PMB solution increased gradually from 7.0 to 8.6 when PM₀B grew, which plays an important role in the mineralization process. PMB could grow most rapidly at 30 °C, pH of 8 and low concentration of heavy metal ions. It showed that too high or too low temperature and pH, as well as high concentration of heavy metal ions, could inhibit the reproduction of PMB. Stable and large particles phosphate ‐ mineralization precipitation, whose particle size could be more than 10 microns, were obtained by the process that PMB induced substrate to decompose and thus mineralized heavy metal ions effectively.     

香蕉皮对重金属离子铅的吸附性能研究

建立了香蕉皮快速、高效对重金属离子铅吸附性能的方法。采用分光光度法测定重金属离子铅的浓度,分别研究了7种不同形态的吸附剂对废水中重金属离子铅的吸附性能。在优化的实验条件下,重金属离子铅浓度与吸光度的线性相关系数R=0.999 83,且方法相对标准偏差(RSD)低于3%。结果表明,香蕉皮对废水中的重金属离子铅有良好的吸附效果,吸附率达到91.3%。利用香蕉皮去除废水中的重金属离子,可以变废为宝,且方法吸附率高、准确可靠、精密度高,可用于吸附废水中重金属离子铅。     

Smart nano-architectures as potential sensing tools for detecting heavy metal ions in aqueous matrices

The discharge of heavy metal ions into water resources as a result of human activities has become a global issue. Contamination with heavy metal ions poses a major threat to the environment and human health. Therefore, there is a dire need to probe the presence of heavy metal ions in a more selective, facile, quick, cost-effective and sensitive way. Conventional sensors are being utilized to sense heavy metal ions; however, various challenges and limitations like interference, overlapping of oxidation potential, selectivity and sensitivity are associated with them that limit their in-field applicability. Hence, nanomaterial based chemical sensors have emerged as an alternative substitute and are extensively employed for the detection of heavy metal ions as a potent analytical tool. The incorporation of nanomaterials in sensors increases their sensitivity, selectivity, portability, on-site detection capability and device performance. Nanomaterial based electrodes exhibit enhanced performance because surface of electrode at nano-scale level offers high catalytic potential, large active surface area and high conductivity. Therefore, this review addresses the recent progress on chemical sensors based on different nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), metal nanoparticles, graphene, carbon quantum dots and nanocomposites for sensing heavy metals ions using different sensing approaches. Furthermore, various types of optical sensors such as fluorescence, luminescence and colorimetry sensors have been presented in detail.     

Critical Evaluation of Adsorption–Desorption Hysteresis of Heavy Metal Ions from Carbon Nanotubes: Influence of Wall Number and Surface Functionalization

Single‐, double‐, and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, DWCNTs, and MWCNTs), and two oxidized MWCNTs with different oxygen contents (2.51 wt % and 3.5 wt %) were used to study the effect of the wall number and surface functionalization of CNTs on their adsorption capacity and adsorption–desorption hysteresis for heavy metal ions (Ni^II, Cd^II, and Pb^II). Metal ions adsorbed on CNTs could be desorbed by lowering the solution pH. Adsoprtion of heavy metal ions was not completely reversible when the supernatant was replaced with metal ion‐free electrolyte solution. With increasing wall number and amount of surface functional groups, CNTs had more surface defects and exhibited higher adsorption capacity and higher adsorption–desorption hysteresis index (HI) values. The coverage of heavy metal ions on the surface of CNTs, solution pH, and temperature affect the metal ion adsorption–desorption hysteresis. A possible shift in the adsorption mechanism from mainly irreversible to largely reversible processes may take place, as the amount of metal ions adsorbed on CNTs increases. Heavy metal ions may be irreversibly adsorbed on defect sites.     

超积累植物富集机制研究方法进展

按照重金属由土壤到根经茎,最后转移至叶细胞的运输流程,概述了超积累植物对重金属离子的富集机制,详细描述了各步骤中重金属离子含量和形态分析方法,重点分析了微质子激发X荧光、扩展X-射线吸收精细结构(extended X-ray absorption fine structure,EXAFS)、X-射线吸收近边缘结构等分析手段在植物不同部位重金属离子含量和形态分析中的应用。     

Sulfation Patterns of Saccharides and Heavy Metal Ion Binding

Sulfated saccharides are an essential part of extracellular matrices, and they are involved in a large number of interactions. Sulfated saccharide matrices in organisms accumulate heavy metal ions in addition to other essential metal ions. Accumulation of heavy metal ions alters the function of the organisms and cells, resulting in severe and irreversible damage. The effect of the sulfation pattern of saccharides on heavy metal binding preferences is enigmatic because the accessibility to structurally defined sulfated saccharides is limited and because standard analytical techniques cannot be used to quantify these interactions. We developed a new strategy that combines enzymatic and chemical synthesis with surface chemistry and label-free electrochemical sensing to study the interactions between well-defined sulfated saccharides and heavy metal ions. By using these tools we showed that the sulfation pattern of hyaluronic acid governs their heavy metal ions binding preferences.     

Aligned nanogold assisted one step sensing and removal of heavy metal ions

We depict a novel strategy exploiting the chemistry of metal ion adsorption for detection and sequestration of toxic heavy metal from processed water using gold nanoparticles capped with 4-aminothiophenol. The interaction between 4-aminothiophenol capped gold nanoparticles and heavy metal ions was studied as a function of time and concentration using TEM, HRTEM, SEM, EDS, and I-V characterization. Experiments confirmed that pH is one of the crucial controlling parameters. Adsorption capacity was monitored using AAS, UV-vis spectroscopy and I-V measurement. In the absence of any alloy formation between Au and heavy metal ions, the desorption of the heavy metal ions from 4-aminothiophenol capped gold nanoparticles surface by pH modulation serves as a mean of collection of heavy metal ions. Experiments revealed that the concentration of heavy metal ions in processed water after adsorption is below the maximum permissible limit set by the WHO.     

Progress on sensors based on nanomaterials for rapid detection of heavy metal ions

The heavy metal ions,especially Cd~(2+),Pb~(2+) and Hg~(2+),show extremely hazard to the environment and human being.The measurement of heavy metal ions using sensors is catching more and more attention for its advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity,low-cost,convenience to handle and rapid detection.In recent years,nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles(NPs),magnetic nanoparticles,graphene and nanocomposite materials are applied in sensors for improving sensitivity and selectivity,making the research on electrochemical(EC) sensors,spectrometric biosensors and colorimetric biosensors become a hot spot in the application to investigate heavy metal ions,in particular,Cd~(2+),Pb~(2+) and Hg~(2+).In this short review,the research of advanced detection of Cd~(2+),Pb~(2+) and Hg~(2+) and its progress based on nanomaterial sensors in recent years is reviewed.     

Adsorption of heavy metal ions onto dithizone-anchored poly (EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads

The dithizone-anchored poly (EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads were prepared for the removal of heavy metal ions (i.e. cadmium, mercury, chromium and lead) from aqueous media containing different amounts of these ions (25-500 ppm) and at different pH values (2.0-8.0). The maximum adsorptions of heavy metal ions onto the dithizone-anchored microbeads from their solutions was 18.3, Cd(II); 43.1, Hg(II); 62.2, Cr(III) and 155.2 mg g(-1) for Pb(II). Competition between heavy metal ions (in the case of adsorption from mixture) yielded adsorption capacities of 9.7, Cd(II); 28.7, Hg(II); 17.6, Cr(III) and 38.3 mg g(-1) for Pb(II). The same affinity order was observed under non-competitive and competitive adsorption, i.e. Cr(III)>Pb(II)>Hg(II)>Cd(II). The adsorption of heavy metal ions increased with increasing pH and reached a plateaue value at around pH 5.0. Heavy metal ion adsorption from artificial wastewater was also studied. The adsorption capacities are 4.3, Cd(II); 13.2, Hg(II); 7.2, Cr(III) and 16.4 mg g(-1) for Pb(II). Desorption of heavy metal ions was achieved using 0.1 M HNO(3). The dithizone-anchored microbeads are suitable for repeated use (for more than five cycles) without noticeable loss of capacity.