炔丙醇与二硫缩烯酮的[3+2]环加成反应

正环戊二烯是一类独特的五元碳环化合物,在有机合成以及过渡金属催化领域有重要应用.利用易得的原料发展简便的合成新方法,尤其是制备高度官能化的环戊二烯仍然是当前有机合成化学研究的重要课题.二硫缩烯酮是一类易于制备的有机合成中间体,具有上百年的研究历史.然而,作为极化的两碳合成子,它主要应用于杂环类化合物合成,其间经历经典的烷硫基取代反应;迄今为止,尚未有应用于[2+x]型合成碳环的研究报道.近期,东北师范     

双环[10,3,0]十五碳-1(12)-烯-13-酮系列化合物的合成

以多聚磷酸为催化剂,通过环十二碳烯和α,β-不饱和酸的反应,合成了十个双环[10.3.0]十五碳-1(12)-烯-13-酮系列化合物,研究了合成反应的条件及产物的分离提纯方法,并测定了它们的紫外光谱、红外光谱以及~1H核磁共振谱。     

1,2,4-三苯基环戊二烯的合成及其烷基化反应

测定了颇哪醇在酸性条件下所得的脱水产物的分子结构.结果表明,在酸性条件下颇哪醇的脱水反应优于重排反应,由此合成了1,2,4-三苯基环戊二烯.该环戊二烯衍生物的烷基化反应,在通常条件下优先发生在碳环的第5位碳原子上,但在苛刻的剧烈反应条件下,进而发生在碳环的第3位碳原子上.讨论了脱水反应和烷基化反应的机理.     

1-碘-2-锂-邻碳硼烷与环戊二烯衍生物的类Diels-Alder反应的理论研究

运用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法对1-碘-2-锂-邻碳硼烷与亚甲基环戊二烯衍生物的类Diels-Alder反应进行了理论研究.计算结果显示：1-碘-2-锂-邻碳硼烷与亚甲基环戊二烯衍生物的类Diels-Alder反应为分步过程,需要依次经过脱LiI形成碳硼炔、碳硼炔与亚甲基环戊二烯成键、碳硼烷基1,2-σ迁移和成环四个过程才能形成与Diels-Alder反应形式相同的产物.其中碳硼烷基的1,2-σ迁移过程为整个反应的决速步,在353 K的实验条件下需要越过28.3 kcal•mol^-1的自由能垒才能形成相应的碳硼烷基降冰片烯衍生物,理论预测的反应速率与实验结果较好吻合.自然键轨道理论（NBO）分析结果显示：该反应与正常电子需求的Diels-Alder反应（NEDDA）具有相似的电子结构特征.文中还对反应底物的取代基效应进行了讨论,并得到了与实验数据基本一致的结果.     

取代苄基五甲氧羰基环戊二烯的合成和晶体结构

五甲氧羰基环戊二烯基钾和取代苄基卤化物反应, 合成了七个新型苄基取代五甲氧羰基环戊二烯。由^1H NMR、IR、元素分析等确认R(苄基)和环戊二烯上碳直接相连, 具有典型的碳碳连结。对产物之一, 1-萘亚甲基五甲氧羰基环戊二烯的X射线衍射测定, 进一步肯定了上述结论。化合物为单斜晶系, 空间群为P2/n, a=0.9731(1), b=1.7403(3), c=1.465(3)nm; β=95.70(1)^°, v=2.4712nm^3, D~c=1.334g/cm^3, 最终的R=0.093, 萘亚甲基环与环戊二烯基环的二面角为68.19^°。     

关环转换反应在天然产物合成中的应用

关环转换反应是形成碳碳双键的重要反应之一,即双烯化合物在金属碳烯催化下关环得到环烯类化合物。本文概述了关环转换反应所用催化剂体系及其在天然产物合成中的应用,内容涉及到碳环及含氧、含氮杂环天然产物的合成。     

新型丁二炔-二酰胺大环化合物的合成及与TTF和DNP在溶液中的络合行为

由三甘醇和四甘醇出发,经炔丙基烷基化、Mitsunobu反应和Eglinton偶联反应3步合成了2个含均苯四甲酸二酰亚胺结构单元以及丁二炔结构单元的大环化合物,关环产率分别为81%和85%.大环化合物及中间体的化学结构经核磁共振氢谱、碳谱、低分辨质谱、高分辨质谱或元素分析等确认.通过氘代丙酮中1HNMR实验以及氯仿中紫外滴定实验研究了这类大环化合物与客体分子四硫富瓦烯(TTF)和1,5-二甲氧基萘(DNP)在溶液中的相互作用,结果发现,大环化合物的核磁化学位移及紫外光谱均发生变化.通过得到的主-客体间的络合常数可知,此类新型大环化合物与TTF和DNP之间有一定的络合作用.     

非糖类化合物合成碳环糖

碳环糖是一类呋喃或吡喃糖环中的氧原子被亚甲基取代后形成的糖类似物。碳环糖作为糖类化合物的类似物,和糖类化合物有着不同的活性和稳定性,已经引起了人们的广泛关注。本文综述了从非糖类化合物合成五元及六元碳环糖研究的最新进展。重点介绍了以环二烯基硅烷、奎宁酸、降冰片烯等碳环化合物为原料合成碳环糖的进展。     

由富烯配体合成茂金属化合物的研究

报道了一系列富烯包括烷基取代富烯、6-氨基富烯和具有稠环结构的6-氨基苯并富烯经由去氢或加成反应合成取代二茂金属络合物;(1-二甲氨基)乙烯基环戊二烯基锂与过渡金属的络合反应在一定条件下可以发生分子内碳碳偶联及二甲基胺的消除反应,得到丙烯桥联茂金属化合物,从推导的反应历程提出该反应的反应机理;尚合成了两个新的外消旋手性化合物。     

金属茂化合物中茂环骨架被"撕裂":环戊二烯阴离子配体不仅仅是"旁观者"

在2分子腈的存在下,二茂钛杂环戊二烯中的一个茂环被"撕裂"成两个部分,一个3碳部分和一个2碳部分.这个3碳部分与2分子腈生成了吡啶衍生物,其中1分子腈的碳氮叁键被切断,而这个2碳部分与二茂钛杂环戊二烯中的环戊二烯部分生成了取代苯.简要介绍了上述反应的研究内容和其他有关反应.     

Polymers by the reaction of bis(pyrylium salts) with diamines: A novel approach to ionene polymers

The following reactions of pyrylium salts with amines are described: (1)bis(pyrylium salts) with amines; (2) diamines with pyrylium salts; and (3) bis(pyrylium salts) with diamines. Both (1) and (2) give bis(pyridinium salts) in high yields, and (3) gives the corresponding polymers which are isolated and characterized. This procedure was applied to cationic bis(pyrylium salts) to give cationic dimers and polymers, and further to zwitterionic bis(pyrylium salts) to yield the corresponding zwitterionic dimers and polymers.     

Synthesis of pyrylium salts and pyridines containing heterocyclic substituents

A method of synthesizing pyrylium salts with heterocyclic substituents in the ring, has been investigated. The synthesis was carried out in two stages: alkaline condensation of aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes with methyl ketones to give 1, 5-diketones, followed by cyclization to pyrylium salts by treatment with triphenylmethyl perchlorate. Pyridines containing heterocyclic substituents were obtained by treating the pyrylium salts with ammonia.     

Pyrylium sulfonate based ionic liquids

Pyrylium salts represent a new group of ionic liquids (ILs) containing a positive charge on the oxygen atom. The novel ILs were obtained starting with 4-pyrones from petroleum feedstock and renewable resources and sulfonic acids. The use of carboxylic acids instead of salts resulted in the formation of cocrystals. The synthesized pyrylium ionic liquids were stable in air and in contact with water and common organic solvents. The permanganate indices which are characteristic for prepared sulfonates were also investigated. The pyrylium ionic liquids were useful as immobilizers and dissolving agents in hydrosilylation reactions.     

Proton-coupled 13C NMR and {14N}—1H-INDOR of highly-substituted 6-membered heterocycles. I—trisubstituted pyridones and isomeric aminopyrones; tetrasubstituted pyridines

The structural elucidation by NMR spectroscopy of trisubstituted α-pyridones and the isomeric 2-amino-γ-pyrones as well as their internal and external pyrylium salts is described. The most useful parameter for the differentiation between α-pyridones and isomeric γ-pyrones is the geminal coupling constant ²J(C-6, H-5) which changes from ～2.5 Hz to ～7 Hz whenever the cyclic amide group is replaced by an oxa-function; this applies to both the γ-pyrones and their pyrylium salts. The value of J(C-6, H-5) in the pyridones resembles that of the analogous coupling in N-vinylacetamide, whose sign determination by the selective population inversion (SPI) technique is reported. The ¹³C chemical shifts of seven pyridones, pyrones and pyrylium salts are reported and their structural correlations are discussed. Quick structural assignments in these classes of compounds may also be performed by evaluating the ¹⁴N chemical shifts, which often are accessible by the {¹⁴N}—¹H-INDOR technique. The proton coupled ¹³C NMR spectra of two tetrasubstituted pyridines are also reported, and empirical correlations between long range C? H coupling constants and substituent electronegativity are discussed.     

Pyrylium,pyridine, and N-phenylpyridinium derivatives of cyclopentadienyltricarbonylmanganese

2,4,6-Trisubstituted pyrylium salts containing a cymantrenyl substituent in the 6 position were synthesized by condensation of acetylcymantrene with chalcones. As compared with the corresponding pyrylium derivatives of ferrocene, the pyrylium salts obtained exchange a heteroatom more readily and are more stable. The pyrylium derivatives of cymantrene were converted to the corresponding pyridines by the action of ammonium acetate in glacial acetic acid or an aqueous solution of ammonia and to the corresponding N-phenylpyridinium salts by the action of aniline in acetic acid or alcohol.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 21–24, January, 1979.     

4-(Azulen-1-yl) six-membered heteroaromatics substituted in 2- and 6- positions with 2-(2-furyl)vinyl, 2-(2-thienyl)vinyl or 2-(3-thienyl)vinyl moieties

The synthesis of pyrylium and pyridinium salts and pyridines with azulene-1-yl moieties in position 4 and two 2-heteroarylvinyl groups in positions 2 and 6 was accomplished. The pyrylium salts were obtained starting from pyranones and pyridines could be prepared from these salts by treating them with ammonium acetate. The general procedures for the synthesis of pyridinium salts, which occur with good results in less delocalized electronic systems, do not take place when applied to the above obtained pyrylium salts. Therefore, as starting material 4-(azulen-1-yl)-1-(n-butyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridinium perchlorate was used, which was condensed with heteroarylcarboxaldehydes. These compounds were completely characterized and some of their spectra were discussed. Their interaction with some metal ions was revealed, observing an affinity better than in the case of simple azulenepyridines. In the last part of the paper are presented redox potentials for several pyrylium salts and pyridines in comparison with those of the nonvinylogated derivatives.     

Pyrylium Mediated Transformations of Primary Amino Groups into Other Functional Groups. New Synthetic Methods (41)

The first pyrylium salt was isolated some 80 years ago, yet up to the 1950s only moderate interest was taken in the preparation, properties and uses of such salts. However, the past thirty years has seen a phenomenal growth in the literature pertinent to this area of chemistry: the importance of pyrylium salts as intermediates has been realized. They are readily prepared by a variety of generally applicable routes, and they are highly reactive towards nucleophiles. Together, this enables the convenient synthesis of a great variety of acyclic and heterocyclic compounds. We have used highly substituted pyrylium salts for the two-step conversion of the amino group in alkylamines RNH₂ into numerous other functionalities. In the first step, the pyrylium salts are converted with the amines into N-substituted pyridinium salts, which, in the second step, react with Nu^? to give the desired products RNu. In some cases the R moiety is also changed, e.g. by elimination. Studies of the reactions of these pyridinium salts have allowed interesting insights into the mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution, in addition to rendering aliphatic amines important synthetic intermediates. Thus, the method complements the diazotization procedure for the transformation of arylamines.     

Sels de pyrylium—XVII: Réactivité des sels de dialcoxy-2,4 pyrylium avec des agents nucléophiles. Formation et propriétés de sels d'amino-2 et de diamino-2,4 pyrylium; sels de dialcoxy-2,4 pyrylium,agents d'alcoylation

Secondary amines react with 2,4-dialcoxy 6-méthyl pyrylium salts to give two new series of 2-amino and 2,4-diamino pyrylium cations. 2,4-Dialkoxy pyrylium salts react as alkylating reagents. A comparison with 1,3-dialcoxy carbonium cations reactivity is reported.     

Substituent effect on the photobleaching of pyrylium salts under ultrashort pulsed illumination

The current article presents the photobleaching properties of a group of pyrylium salts under ultrashort pulsed illumination. These pyrylium salts have the same basic chemical structure and differ only by a specific substituent. It is proven experimentally that two different mechanisms are simultaneously present to the photobleaching of all molecules studied (independently of their specific chemical structure). However, the particular parameters of each mechanism are influenced significantly by the substituent change. The experimental investigation of these parameters showed the presence of multiphoton interactions in the photobleaching of pyrylium salts depending essentially on the specific substituent.     

π-Aromatic complexes of metal carbonyls in the pyrylium salt series

By the reaction of lithium derivatives of cyclopentadienylmagnesiumtricarbonyl, cyclopentadienylrheniumtricarbonyl, and benzenechromiumtricarbonyl with 2,6-disubstituted pyrylium salts the corresponding 4H-pyrans have been synthesized, and the oxidative dehydration of these has given pyrylium cations containing the stated organometallic groups in position 4. It has been shown that the -complexes obtained readily exchange the oxygen of the pyrylium ring for other heteroatoms with the formation of heterocyclic compounds with metallocarbonyl substituents.Translated from Khimiya Geterosiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 593–597, May, 1985.