专业学习共同体对化学全日制教育硕士课堂教学的影响

收集3位化学全日制教育硕士在中学实践过程中文本、视频等资料,采用个案研究、文本分析、课堂观察的质化方法,利用化学课堂教学系统构造模型对专业学习共同体多元成员的干预以及实践过程中化学全日制教育硕士的课堂教学进行分析和比较。结果表明:化学全日制教育硕士的课堂教学在专业学习共同体的干预下,发生了显著的变化,构造模型中的各个教学要素均有不同程度的提升,专业学习共同体中不同成员对全日制教育硕士教学的干预内容、作用效果、影响程度有所差异,并在此基础上建立教学变化模型。多元成员的专业学习共同体可以促进全日制教育硕士的教学发展,为教育硕士的培养改革提供了一种可供参考的实践干预范式。     

PLC干预下的全日制化学教育硕士PCK发展的个案研究——以“离子反应”教学实践为例

通过工具性个案研究,旨在探查不同阶段的教师专业学习共同体（professional learning community,PLC）干预下职前全日制化学教育硕士的PCK发展,并在此基础上探讨所构建的PLC干预模式的合理性。对1位全日制教育硕士在教育实践过程中的多种数据类型进行收集,采用帕克等人所构建的PCK结构模型进行特征分析和比较,发现全日制教育硕士的PCK结构在经过PLC干预后有显著改善,尤其是各个要素之间的整合更加紧密;不同干预阶段对全日制教育硕士PCK发展作用方式和影响程度不尽相同。PLC干预模式能够促进职前全日制化学教育硕士的PCK发展,然而,其机理及其带来的PCK改变的持久性和稳定性还有待进一步研究。     

全日制化学教育硕士的PCK水平调查研究*

以美国埃里克森学院PCK量化工具为研究基础设计调查问卷,选取离子反应第1课时的电离概念教学片断,以河北某高校学科教学(化学)专业37名教育硕士为研究对象,要求被试者在对视频片断进行观摩的基础上作答9个开放性问题。研究发现:全日制化学教育硕士PCK整体和各维度知识处于“基本的”水平,在教学内容知识维度表现最佳,在学生知识、教学策略知识维度稍差一些,在把握概念关系、调整教学策略等能力活动上的表现有待发展。针对研究发现,结合化学教育硕士的专业属性及培养过程中的问题,提出构建“教师专业学习共同体”,干预化学教育硕士PCK结构的改善;依托教学案例情境载体功能,帮助化学教育硕士进行PCK的深度建构;开展基于研究性反思的教学实践,促进化学教育硕士PCK螺旋式提升等3条建议。     

以化学教学能力为导向的全日制教育硕士全程一体化培养模式

针对化学全日制教育硕士培养过程中遇到的主要问题,明确教育硕士培养的核心能力是化学教学能力,构建了以教学设计、教学实施、教学评价、教学研究能力为核心的化学教学能力构成模型,并开发了测评工具。在教学能力理论研究的基础上,构建并实施了教学能力导向的全日制教育硕士培养全程一体化培养模式,具体探讨了以化学教学设计课程为主的课程建设与实施,促进教学能力发展的教育实践模式的构建与实施,基于实践取向的研究论文的全程一体化指导模式。构建并实施了在培养的不同阶段,实现教育教学理论与观念、实践教学行为以及教学研究能力得到螺旋发展的具体培养路径,取得了较好的效果。     

优化全日制化学教育硕士培养模式的探讨

全日制教育硕士（学科教学·化学）研究生培养是一个具有挑战性的、全新的研究课题。从"目标定位""课程优化"和"实践提升"3个方面对化学教育硕士培养进行探讨。在"目标定位"上应培养化学教育硕士具有较强的化学课堂教学能力和教研能力，在"课程优化"上，应优化更具功能化和结构化的课程体系，在"实践提升"上应搭建基于科学态磨课的全类型、全环节的实践平台。     

我国化学教育类硕士的TPACK现状调查与分析

为在宏观上了解化学教育类硕士是否具有进行有效技术整合所必需的知识,基于TPACK提供的知识框架,对我国230名化学教育类硕士的TPACK水平及影响因素进行调查。结果表明,化学教育类硕士TPACK呈中等偏上水平;学术型硕士的TPACK水平高于专业型硕士;学习经历和实践经历对TPACK各要素有不同程度的影响;学习能力对TPACK的发展无显著影响;TPK、TCK和CK是影响TPACK发展的主要因素。在此基础上,提出了提升TPACK水平的相关策略。     

广西师范大学化学化工学院无机化学学科

广西师范大学化学化工学院已有60多年的办学历史。现有无机、有机、分析、应化、化学工艺、化学教学论6个硕士学位授权点：有化学、应用化学、科学教育三个本科专业；无机化学和应用化学专业挂靠招收博士研究生，形成了博士和硕士研究生、研究生班、全日制本科生、函授本专科生的多层次、多学科、多专业的办学体系。     

课程学习注重实效--关于化学教育硕士课程的学习与思考

我国化学教育硕士专业学位的开设主要是为了培养发展型与研究型的化学教师.本文结合自身的学习体会,从化学教育硕士的视角对化学教育硕士课程的学习及培养进行了分析和探讨,由此提出了一些建设性的建议与构想.     

地方师范化学专业学生创新教育的现状与对策

通过对地方高师化学教育专业学生创新素质现状的调查与分析,发现当前的高师教育在学生的创新素质培养方面还存在一些问题,针对这些问题,对高师化学教育的培养策略进行了研究。     

第二届全国化学教育硕士教学技能大赛决赛会议纪要

由中国教育学会化学教学专业委员会主办,安徽师范大学化学与材料科学学院承办的“第二届全国化学教育硕士教学技能大赛决赛”于2009年8月14日至16日在安徽省芜湖市举行。来自全国各地的75名化学教育硕士和10所高等院校的17位专家、教师参加了本次会议。大赛的举行对于展示近年化学教育专业硕士研究生的培养成果,交流培养经验,提高培养质量具有重要意义。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。