吉林大学化学学院构建“三阶式”教师教学能力发展体系*

吉林大学化学学院注重教师队伍建设,尊重教育规律,在发挥老教师“传帮带”作用的同时,结合时代发展,构建了科学合理高效的“三阶式”教师教学能力发展体系。在培养强化青年教师教学基本功的同时,注重全体教师新型能力的培养,搭建平台促进教师不断钻研教学内容,研究教学方式和方法,将专业知识与先进信息技术和教育教法融合,提高教学能力与水平,实现从“能教书”到“教好书”到“会教书”能力逐步提升的态势。该模式可为探索高校教师教学能力发展体系的建设提供参考和借鉴。     

美国高中化学教材以及化学教学特点

通过对美国著名的Saint John's Preparatory High School(圣约翰预备高中)和Apollo High School(阿波罗高中)化学教学实地听课与调查发现,美国高中化学教材以及化学教学有其鲜明的特点。美国高中化学教材有2/3是化学理论知识,1/3是化学应用性知识,教材内容紧密结合学科前沿技术与应用。美国高中化学教学的特点是:注重让学生用自己的方法解决问题,建构证据;知识的讲授注重强调知识之间的理解与联系,适当教授相关的学习策略;教学注重直观与模型建构等。     

基于项目式学习的高三化学实验和工艺流程专题复习*——以“海带中碘的提取”为例

以“海带中碘的提取”为例,提供文献让学生课前阅读,完成“海带中碘的提取”流程设计,并进行成果交流。在此基础上,进行方案实施,并进行总结评价。研究结果认为,将知识与实践结合,能够激发学生探究热情;将自主文献研究、方案设计、实验验证结合,可以培养学生的科学探究和创新能力;应该注重教-学-评一致性;需要进一步提高教师的实验实际操作能力和知识引导能力。     

化学与环境试题精选

环境污染给人们造成的危害很大,环境保护问题已经引起人们的足够重视。近年的中考化学试题以及竞赛题;常结合空气与水等的污染和防污,注重对环境教育内容的渗透。现将有关这方面的试题精选如下。     

基于学科理解的学习任务设计策略

基于学科理解的学习任务是精细化教学研究的切入点,是核心素养的落脚点.基于分析学习任务的内容、方法、情境要素,结合原电池教学案例,提出以下设计策略:对教学内容本原性、结构化地理解;分析学生认知基础和学习困难,确定学习任务着力点;任务以本原问题体现,显化认识视角;注重学习任务的教学逻辑;活动指向学生的素养发展;创造真实适切...     

高中化学教科书中科学素养主题的定量分析

运用内容分析法对高中化学新、旧教科书中的科学素养主题进行分析,得出科学素养主题内容发生了较大的变化;传统高中化学教科书的编写注重知识与技能,对科学过程与方法的关注不够;新高中化学教科书的编写突出了科学过程与方法,拓展了科学、技术与社会的相互关系。     

百年诺贝尔化学奖研究成果嬗变对我国化学教学的启示

以本体论、认识论、方法论作为划分依据,将诺贝尔化学奖的研究成果划分为理论建构、物质研究、反应机理、发现与合成新物质、创造新方法5个部分。统计、分析百年诺贝尔化学奖研究成果的嬗变,得出对我国化学教学的有益启示：注重在理论学习的过程中培养学生的批判意识与创新精神;在知识学习的过程中突出化学的学科价值与社会价值;注重化学学科与相关学科的交叉整合。     

提高学生兴趣的有机化学教学法

介绍提高学生兴趣的有机化学教学法。主要方法包括注重绪论课教学,注重理论联系实际,注重把有机知识与人文教育相结合,注重学生学习能力的培养等。     

聚合物流变学教学中的几点体会

针对聚合物流变学多学科交叉性以及较强的理论性和实践性的特点,结合作者的教学实践,总结了在聚合物流变学教学中的几点体会。提出在该门功课讲授过程中注重教学内容与教学方法的形象化,培养学生的学习兴趣;通过开设实验课,放映实践过程录像、图片等形式将理论与实践结合的教学方法,消除学生学习该门课程的抽象感。此外,通过教学实例提出在...     

以“情境体验为中心”教学模式的实施和研究

以"情境体验为中心"的课堂教学模式,是将"情境"与"体验"这2个注重情感的概念结合在一起,凸现了此类教学模式对学生主体生命性的关注.它特别注重学生在学习中的入情入境、亲历体验.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.