实践教学过程中培养大学生科研素质的初步探索

地方院校大学生科研素质整体水平普遍不高,在实践教学过程中探索提高大学生科研素质是实现人才培养目标的重要途径之一。以池州学院为例,结合作者自身的教学、科研经验,提出了一些具体改进措施,以期为普通地方本科高校相关专业的实践教学探索提供参考。通过开展专业情感教育、重组和优化实验教学内容激发学生参与实验的激情,通过重视基础实验、开设探索性、综合性实验项目,采用实验教学与科学研究相结合的教学模式,吸收本科生参与科学研究,加强毕业论文环节教师的引导作用,旨在培养和提高学生的实践能力和创新能力,培养学生基本的科研能力。     

大学生创新实验项目在应用型人才培养中的探索与实践

以新型溴化烷基取代吡啶类季铵盐的合成实验作为大学生创新实验训练项目,从文献查阅、设计合成路线、优选反应条件、表征物质结构等方面进行实践训练。结果表明,大学生科研实践可强化学生理论知识与科研实践的相互渗透、相互促进,在构建系统化知识体系的基础上,能提高学生的实践能力和创新能力。     

提升化学本科生科学思维与逻辑的科研实践

利用学校化学人才培养基地为本科生搭建的科研训练平台,引导和训练大学生在科研项目＂我国东南地区主要秸秆物性分析与评价＂中正确开展科学研究与创新活动,并对获得的结果展开分析与讨论。学生通过独立开展文献查阅、实验方案设计、实验结果分析等工作,研究获得了福建地区不同地理与气候等生态条件对水稻秸秆组分含量的分布特性及差异可能带来的影响,这一结果为水稻秸秆资源的分布、组分特性及今后的高效利用提供了科学依据与评价。     

利用实验准备环节开放实验室的新模式

探讨了一种在基础实验室利用实验准备环节开放实验的新模式,引导学生在参与实验准备过程中,从基本操作技能练习开始,到应用操作技能完成化学实验准备工作,使学生先具备从事科研的基本能力,再到教师研究室进行学年论文或者毕业论文等相关科研工作,分层次培养学生的实验综合能力和科研创新能力。     

生物材料类大学生创新实验初探

为促进大学生积极参与国家大学生创新性实验计划项目,我院特推出“学业导师制”的管理模式,组织本科生按兴趣参加“科研训练”,并以科研小组为单位组织申报。以培养科研兴趣、加强科研训练、提高科研素养、实现科学理论与实验操作相结合为目的,就生物材料类项目的申请、组织实施、成果展示等方面提出相应的实施方案。     

草酸亚铁制备及组分测定综合实验之更新探索

在实验教学中,增加综合性实验内容,开设研究性、探索性和创新性综合实验是化学专业人才培养的重要组成部分。改革更新"草酸亚铁制备及组成测定"的实验方法,并以此创新综合实验为例,引导学生综合运用所学理论知识设计并优选实验方案。通过综合实验的训练,加深学生对实验及科研方法的理解,提高其实验技能及合作交流的能力。     

践行宽容失败理念 开发实验失败之教学价值

引导教师审视实验失败(失误)的教学价值,营造出宽容失败、善待挫折、鼓励成功的氛围。通过建立"错误病历"和"会诊"制度、提供实验补做条件、改进新设实验项目、建立"实验失败探索—科研训练—毕业设计"互通机制、在实验失败中寻找科研灵感并孵化研究课题等措施,初步建立起实验失败中的教学资源的开发机制。     

如何实现从高校基础化学课程到本科科研创新的跨越式发展——从学生角度分享高校科研创新成长经历

化学学科在高等教育阶段对人才的培养涉及多个方面,包括专业基础知识的掌握、研究理论的了解和各项实验技能的训练实践。其中,一个良好的科研训练环境非常重要,它不仅能让学生对专业知识进行实践、熟练掌握各种实验技能,还能对科学研究思维的培养起到作用。以2019级本科生参与科研实践和科创竞赛为主线,详细介绍了从大学初期进入课题组了解参与科学研究到成功申请“国家级大学生创新创业训练计划”的过程,以及期间参加科创竞赛的经历,通过分享经验与做法为即将参与本科科研创新训练的同学提供参考。     

浅谈化学实验教学中思维引导的重要性

为了探讨教师在实验教学中进行思维引导的重要性和成效性,以中学化学教材中3个探究实验为例进行实验思维的引导,在课堂上深度剖析实验思维,设计问题,层层递进,引导学生积极思考,以获得更佳的课堂效果及培养学生化学学科独特的思维方式。     

化学专业本科生创新能力培养的探索与实践

化学是一门实践性很强的学科,因此,在化学专业人才培养的教育中实施大学生科研训练计划尤为重要,是培养学生创新精神与实践能力、提高学生综合素质的重要环节。本文介绍了浙江大学化学专业本科生科研训练计划实施的实践和取得的成效。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.