Reconstruction of the solenoidal part of a three-dimensional vector field by its ray transforms along straight lines parallel to coordinate planes

A numerical solution to a vector field reconstruction problem is proposed. It is assumed that the field is given in a unit sphere. The approximation of the solenoidal part of the vector field is constructed from ray transforms known over all straight lines parallel to one of the coordinate planes. Numerical simulations confirm that the proposed method yields good results of reconstruction of solenoidal vector fields.     

Vector fields on smooth threefolds vanishing on complete intersections

A result of J. Wahl shows that the existence of a vector field vanishing on an ample divisor of a projective normal variety X implies that X is a cone over this divisor. If X is smooth, X will be isomorphic to the n-dimensional projective space. This paper is a first attempt to generalize Wahl's theorem to higher codimensions: Given a complex smooth projective threefold X and a vector field on X vanishing on an irreducible and reduced curve which is the scheme theoretic intersection of two ample divisors, X is isomorphic to the 3-dimensional projective space or the 3-dimensional quadric. Received: 24 April 2001     

On maximum bifurcation delay in real planar singularly perturbed vector fields

In singularly perturbed vector fields, where the unperturbed vector field has a curve of singularities (a “critical curve”), orbits tend to be attracted towards or repelled away from this curve, depending on the sign of the divergence of the vector field at the curve. When at some point, this sign bifurcates from negative to positive, orbits will typically be repelled away immediately after passing the bifurcation point (“turning point”). Atypical behaviour is nevertheless observed as well, when orbits follow the critical curve for some distance after the turning point, before they repel away from it: a delay in the bifurcation is present. Interesting are systems that have a maximum bifurcation delay, i.e. there is a point on the critical curve beyond which orbits cannot stay close to the critical curve. This behaviour is known to appear in some systems in dimension 3 (see [E. Benoît (Ed.), Dynamic Bifurcations, in: Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 1493, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1991]), and it is commonly believed that it is not an issue in (real) planar systems. Beside making the observation that it does appear in non-analytic planar systems, it is shown that whenever bifurcation delay appears, it has no non-trivial maximum for analytic planar vector fields. The proof is based on the notion of family blow-up at the turning point, on formal power series in terms of blow-up variables, the study of their Gevrey properties and analytic continuation of their Borel transform. These results complement existing results concerning the equivalence of local and global canard solutions in [A. Fruchard, R. Schäfke, Overstability and resonance, Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) 53 (1) (2003) 227–264].     

On the Laplacian vector fields theory in domains with rectifiable boundary

Given a domain Ω in ?³ with rectifiable boundary, we consider main integral, and some other, theorems for the theory of Laplacian (sometimes called solenoidal and irrotational, or harmonic) vector fields paying a special attention to the problem of decomposing a continuous vector field, with an additional condition, u on the boundary Γof Ω ? ?³ into a sum u = u⁺+u^? were u^± are boundary values of vector fields which are Laplacian in Ω and its complement respectively. Our proofs are based on the intimate relations between Laplacian vector fields theory and quaternionic analysis for the Moisil–Theodorescu operator. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Integral Geometry Problem in a Nonconvex Domain

We consider the problem of recovering the solenoidal part of a symmetric tensor field f on a compact Riemannian manifold (M,g) with boundary from the integrals of f over all geodesics joining boundary points. All previous results on the problem are obtained under the assumption that the boundary M is convex. This assumption is related to the fact that the family of maximal geodesics has the structure of a smooth manifold if M is convex and there is no geodesic of infinite length in M. This implies that the ray transform of a smooth field is a smooth function and so we may use analytic techniques. Instead of convexity of M we assume that M is a smooth domain in a larger Riemannian manifold with convex boundary and the problem under consideration admits a stability estimate. We then prove uniqueness of a solution to the problem for     

Multilevel methods for mixed finite elements in three dimensions

In this paper we consider second order scalar elliptic boundary value problems posed over three–dimensional domains and their discretization by means of mixed Raviart–Thomas finite elements [18]. This leads to saddle point problems featuring a discrete flux vector field as additional unknown. Following Ewing and Wang [26], the proposed solution procedure is based on splitting the flux into divergence free components and a remainder. It leads to a variational problem involving solenoidal Raviart–Thomas vector fields. A fast iterative solution method for this problem is presented. It exploits the representation of divergence free vector fields as s of the –conforming finite element functions introduced by Nédélec [43]. We show that a nodal multilevel splitting of these finite element spaces gives rise to an optimal preconditioner for the solenoidal variational problem: Duality techniques in quotient spaces and modern algebraic multigrid theory [50, 10, 31] are the main tools for the proof. Received November 4, 1996 / Revised version received February 2, 1998     

Trace theorems for three-dimensional, time-dependent solenoidal vector fields and their applications

We study trace theorems for three-dimensional, time-dependent solenoidal vector fields. The interior function spaces we consider are natural for solving unsteady boundary value problems for the Navier-Stokes system and other systems of partial differential equations. We describe the space of restrictions of such vector fields to the boundary of the space-time cylinder and construct extension operators from this space of restrictions defined on the boundary into the interior. Only for two exceptional, but useful, values of the spatial smoothness index, the spaces for which we construct extension operators is narrower than the spaces in which we seek restrictions. The trace spaces are characterized by vector fields having different smoothnesses in directions tangential and normal to the boundary; this is a consequence of the solenoidal nature of the fields. These results are fundamental in the study of inhomogeneous boundary value problems for systems involving solenoidal vector fields. In particular, we use the trace theorems in a study of inhomogeneous boundary value problems for the Navier-Stokes system of viscous incompressible flows.

     

Improving the Reconstruction of Vector Fields Using Mixed Finite Element Methods and Optimal Preconditioning

In this article, we study numerically a diagnostic model, based on mass conservation, to recover solenoidal vector fields from experimental data. Based on a reformulation of the mathematical model as a saddle‐point problem, we introduce an iterative preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm, applied to an associated operator equation of elliptic type, to solve the problem. To obtain a stable algorithm, we use a second‐order mixed finite element approximation for discretization. We show, using synthetic vector fields, that this new approach, yields very accurate solutions at a low computational cost compared to traditional methods with the same order of approximation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 32: 1137–1154, 2016     

Regularity of ghosts in tensor tomography

We study on a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary the ray transform I which integrates symmetric tensor fields over geodesics. A tensor field is said to be a nontrivial ghost if it is in the kernel of I and is L²-orthogonal to all potential fields. We prove that a nontrivial ghost is smooth in the case of a simple metric. This implies that the wave front set of the solenoidal part of a field f can be recovered from the ray transform If. We give an explicit procedure for recovering the wave front set.     

Methods of solving certain two-dimensional problems of doppler tomography

In the development of methods of recovering a vector field using radiolocation systems by continuous unmodulated radiation the problem arises of recovering a vector-valued function from information determined by a family of oriented lines. In the two-dimensional case this problem has a nonunique solution in the class of continuous functions of compact support. In the present paper the problem is studied on the set of solenoidal functions and the set of piecewise-constant functions. We give a method of solving the problem and study its stability. Translated fromMetody Matematicheskogo Modelirovaniya, pp. 132–141, 1998.     

锥度量空间中基于Ekeland变分原理的向量均衡问题的解的存在性

本文研究了向量均衡问题.利用在锥度量空间中给出的Ekeland变分原理,我们推导了向量均衡问题解的存在性定理.本文的结论是新的并推广了相关文献中的结论.     

Scattering of electromagnetic plane waves by a spheroid uniformly moving in free space

We investigate the scattering process, generated by a plane electromagnetic field that is incident upon a moving perfectly conducting spheroid. An accurate treatment of the electromagnetic waves interaction with scatterers in uniform motion is based on the special relativity principle. In the object's frame the incident wave is assumed to have a wavelength which is much larger than the characteristic dimension of the scatterer and thus the low‐frequency approximation method is applicable to the scattering problem. For the near electromagnetic field we obtain the zeroth‐order low‐frequency coefficients, while in the far field we calculate the leading terms for the scattering amplitude and scattering cross‐section. Finally, using the inverse Lorentz transform, we obtain the same approximations in the observer's frame. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Unique solvability of a non‐local problem for mixed‐type equation with fractional derivative

In this work, we investigate a boundary problem with non‐local conditions for mixed parabolic–hyperbolic‐type equation with three lines of type changing with Caputo fractional derivative in the parabolic part. We equivalently reduce considered problem to the system of second kind Volterra integral equations. In the parabolic part, we use solution of the first boundary problem with appropriate Green's function, and in hyperbolic parts, we use corresponding solutions of the Cauchy problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Darboux theory of integrability in the sparse case

Darboux's theorem and Jouanolou's theorem deal with the existence of first integrals and rational first integrals of a polynomial vector field. These results are given in terms of the degree of the polynomial vector field. Here we show that we can get the same kind of results if we consider the size of a Newton polytope associated to the vector field. Furthermore, we show that in this context the bound is optimal.     

The Clifford–Cauchy transform with a continuous density: N. Davydov's theorem

N. A. Davydov was among the first mathematicians who investigated the question of the continuity of the complex Cauchy transform along a non‐smooth curve. In particular he proved that the Cauchy transform over an arbitrary closed, rectifiable Jordan curve can be continuously extended up to this curve from both sides if its density belongs to the Lipschitz class. In this paper we deal with higher dimensional analogue of Davydov's theorem within the framework of Clifford analysis. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Behaviour of Elastic Fields and Boundary Integral Mellin Techniques Near Conical Points

For the computation of the local singular behaviour of an homogeneous anisotropic clastic field near the three-dimensional vertex subjected to displacement boundary conditions, one can use a boundary integral equation of the first kind whose unkown is the boundary stress. Mellin transformation yields a one - dimensional integral equation on the intersection curve 7 of the cone with the unit sphere. The Mellin transformed operator defines the singular exponents and Jordan chains, which provide via inverse Mellin transformation a local expansion of the solution near the vertex. Based on Kondratiev's technique which yields a holomorphic operator pencil of elliptic boundary value problems on the cross - sectional interior and exterior intersection of the unit sphere with the conical interior and exterior original cones, respectively, and using results by Maz'ya and Kozlov, it can be shown how the Jordan chains of the one-dimensional boundary integral equation are related to the corresponding Jordan chains of the operator pencil and their jumps across γ. This allows a new and detailed analysis of the asymptotic behaviour of the boundary integral equation solutions near the vertex of the cone. In particular, the integral equation method developed by Schmitz, Volk and Wendland for the special case of the elastic Dirichlet problem in isotropic homogeneous materials could be completed and generalized to the anisotropic case.     

Pareto Optimizing and Kuhn–Tucker Stationary Sequences

We study the relation between weakly Pareto minimizing and Kuhn–Tucker stationary nonfeasible sequences for vector optimization under constraints, where the weakly Pareto (efficient) set may be empty. The work is placed in a context of Banach spaces and the constraints are described by a functional taking values in a cone. We characterize the asymptotic feasibility in terms of the constraint map and the asymptotic efficiency via a Kuhn–Tucker system completely approximate, distinguishing the classical bounded case from the nontrivial unbounded one. The latter requires Auslender–Crouzeix type conditions and Ekeland's variational principle for constrained vector problems.     

Bounding Poincaré‐Hopf indices and Milnor numbers

We use Mather's finite determinacy theory and Baum‐Bott's theorem to give sharp bounds for the Poincaré‐Hopf index of a germ of homolorphic vector field with an isolated zero. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Separation theorems for convex polytopes and finitely-generated cones derived from theorems of the alternative

We derive from Motzkin’s Theorem that a point can be strongly separated by a hyperplane from a convex polytope and a finitely-generated convex cone. We state a similar result for Tucker’s Theorem of the alternative. A generalisation of the residual existence theorem for linear equations which has recently been proved by Rohn [8] is a corollary. We state all the results in the setting of a general vector space over a linearly ordered (possibly skew) field.