牛血清白蛋白:一种催化四组分反应合成吡喃[2,3-c]并吡唑类化合物的高效和绿色生物催化剂

多组分反应(MCRs)是通过一锅法同时或先后加入3种或3种以上起始原料合成目标产物的过程,具有原子经济性高、化学键构造效率高和反应选择性高等优点,而且可以避免中间体分离和纯化,从而减少废物产生,节省时间,简化分离纯化过程.MCRs由于其灵活性和高效性超过了传统多步合成方法,已成为构建结构新颖的多样性有机分子的新兴工具,尤其是在新药开发中具有广泛应用.吡喃[2,3-c]并吡唑是一类重要杂环化合物,是许多重要新兴药物的关键内核,这些药物具有抑制人类Chk1激酶活性、抗肿瘤活性、止痛镇痛活性、抗菌活性和抗炎活性等.目前已有通过三组分反应(3CRs)、四组分反应(4CRs)乃至五组分反应(5CRs)合成吡喃[2,3-c]并吡唑的文献报道.所用催化剂大多为无机或有机碱性催化剂,所报道的多组分反应或多或少存在一些不足,如反应条件苛刻、所使用试剂昂贵和不易获得、使用定量的催化剂、产率不理想及操作繁琐等.牛血清白蛋白(BSA)是一种来源于牛,在生物体系中没有天然催化功能的廉价易得的非酶转运蛋白.由于生物催化剂如蛋白质、酶及完整细胞等具有催化效率高、选择性高和操作简单等优点,将生物催化剂用于催化有机反应已成为化学领域的研究热点.在这些生物催化剂中,BSA能催化一系列有机反应,包括还原反应、Knoevenagel缩合、aldol缩合、Morita-Baylis-Hillman反应和Biginelli反应等.考虑到吡喃[2,3-c]并吡唑衍生物的重要性以及BSA催化有机反应的多样性,我们设想利用生物催化剂BSA催化4CRs合成吡喃[2,3-c]并吡唑衍生物,即在45℃下,于90％乙醇水溶液中,催化量BSA催化乙酰乙酸乙酯、水合肼、丙二腈和羰基化合物反应.反应完成后,产物经乙醇重结晶纯化,BSA可回收重复使用,重复使用5次,催化活性基本保持不变.在优化条件下,合成了22个吡喃[2,3-c]并吡唑衍生物或及其螺环衍生物.迄今为止,该法尚未见文献报道.总之,我们发展了一种新颖和有效的BSA催化构建结构多样性吡喃[2,3-c]并吡唑衍生物的绿色方法.该法具有环境友好、反应条件温和、反应时间短、产率高和操作简单等优点.同时,该法底物适应范围广,可以使用各种羰基化合物为起始原料,这使它成为一种高效实用的合成结构多样性吡喃[2,3-c]并吡唑衍生物的方法.     

牛血清白蛋白:一种催化四组分反应合成吡喃[2,3-c]并吡唑类化合物的高效和绿色生物催化剂（英文）

多组分反应(MCRs)是通过一锅法同时或先后加入3种或3种以上起始原料合成目标产物的过程,具有原子经济性高、化学键构造效率高和反应选择性高等优点,而且可以避免中间体分离和纯化,从而减少废物产生,节省时间,简化分离纯化过程.MCRs由于其灵活性和高效性超过了传统多步合成方法,已成为构建结构新颖的多样性有机分子的新兴工具,尤其是在新药开发中具有广泛应用.吡喃[2,3-c]并吡唑是一类重要杂环化合物,是许多重要新兴药物的关键内核,这些药物具有抑制人类Chk1激酶活性、抗肿瘤活性、止痛镇痛活性、抗菌活性和抗炎活性等.目前已有通过三组分反应(3CRs)、四组分反应(4CRs)乃至五组分反应(5CRs)合成吡喃[2,3-c]并吡唑的文献报道.所用催化剂大多为无机或有机碱性催化剂,所报道的多组分反应或多或少存在一些不足,如反应条件苛刻、所使用试剂昂贵和不易获得、使用定量的催化剂、产率不理想及操作繁琐等.牛血清白蛋白(BSA)是一种来源于牛,在生物体系中没有天然催化功能的廉价易得的非酶转运蛋白.由于生物催化剂如蛋白质、酶及完整细胞等具有催化效率高、选择性高和操作简单等优点,将生物催化剂用于催化有机反应已成为化学领域的研究热点.在这些生物催化剂中,BSA能催化一系列有机反应,包括还原反应、Knoevenagel缩合、aldol缩合、Morita-Baylis-Hillman反应和Biginelli反应等.考虑到吡喃[2,3-c]并吡唑衍生物的重要性以及BSA催化有机反应的多样性,我们设想利用生物催化剂BSA催化4CRs合成吡喃[2,3-c]并吡唑衍生物,即在45oC下,于90%乙醇水溶液中,催化量BSA催化乙酰乙酸乙酯、水合肼、丙二腈和羰基化合物反应.反应完成后,产物经乙醇重结晶纯化,BSA可回收重复使用,重复使用5次,催化活性基本保持不变.在优化条件下,合成了22个吡喃[2,3-c]并吡唑衍生物或及其螺环衍生物.迄今为止,该法尚未见文献报道.总之,我们发展了一种新颖和有效的BSA催化构建结构多样性吡喃[2,3-c]并吡唑衍生物的绿色方法.该法具有环境友好、反应条件温和、反应时间短、产率高和操作简单等优点.同时,该法底物适应范围广,可以使用各种羰基化合物为起始原料,这使它成为一种高效实用的合成结构多样性吡喃[2,3-c]并吡唑衍生物的方法.     

新型螺[色烯并(2,3-c)吡唑-4,1’-异苯并呋喃]-3’-酮类化合物的合成及光学性能研究

在酸催化及脱水作用下,以2-(4-二丁基氨基-2-羟基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸或2-(4-二乙基氨基-2-羟基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸和吡唑啉酮为原料,通过Knoevenagel缩合和脱水反应,合成了一系列新型螺[色烯并(2,3-c)吡唑-4,1’-异苯并呋喃]-3’-酮类化合物.考察了反应物配比、催化剂、温度和时间等因素对反应的影响,初步探究了所合成化合物在不同pH、溶剂中的光学性能,其中1-(4-氯苯基)-7-(二乙基氨基)-3-甲基-1H,3’H-螺[色烯并[2,3-c]吡唑-4,1’-异苯并呋喃]-3’-酮(1e)和1-(4-氯苯基)-7-(二丁基氨基)-3-甲基-1H,3’H-螺[色烯并[2,3-c]吡唑-4,1’-异苯并呋喃]-3’-酮(1j)有潜力作为强酸强碱的pH指示剂.     

琼脂糖水凝胶包埋柠檬酸三钠催化多组分反应合成苯并吡喃及吡喃并吡唑衍生物

报道了琼脂糖水凝胶包埋柠檬酸三钠催化剂(Gel-Citrate)高效催化多组分反应合成一系列苯并吡喃衍生物和吡喃并[2,3-c]吡唑衍生物的方法.该方法具有催化剂制备简单、对环境友好、操作简单方便、反应条件温和、产率优良等优点.且催化剂可回收重复使用6次,产率没有明显降低.     

有机催化不对称[3+3]环化合成新型光学活性稠合多环3,4-二氢吡喃并[4,3-b]吡喃-5-(2H)-酮（英文）

发展了一种手性双功能方酰胺催化的4-羟基-2(H)-吡喃并[2',3':4,5]吡喃并[2,3-c]吡唑-2,5(7H)-二酮与(E)-2-硝基烯丙基醋酸酯之间的对映选择[3+3]环化反应,为立体选择构筑稠合多环3,4-二氢吡喃并[4,3-b]吡喃-5-(2H)-酮骨架提供了途径.在衍生自(1R,2R)-1,2-二苯基乙-1,2-二胺的手性双功能方酰胺的催化下,以中等至较高产率、高的反式选择性和中等至优秀的对映选择性得到了一系列具有两个连续手性中心的新型稠合多环3,4-二氢吡喃并[4,3-b]吡喃-5-(2H)-酮衍生物.     

多组分反应合成螺吲哚-吡喃并[2,3-c]吡唑类化合物的研究

报道了一种利用多组分一锅法高效地合成多取代的螺吲哚-吡喃并[2,3-c]吡唑类化合物的方法.该方法用丁炔二酸酯、肼、靛红和(E)-1-甲硫基-1-甲氨基-2-硝基乙烯作为原料,在三乙胺的催化下获得了较高的产率.该方法简单方便,为该类化合物的合成提供了一个参考依据.     

3-氨基-6/8取代-1H-吡唑[4,3-c]喹啉类化合物的合成

研究了合成3-氨基-6/8取代-1H-吡唑[4,3-c]喹啉类化合物的简易方法.通过3-芳基-4-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑与6-/8-取代-4-羟基喹啉羧酸在三氯氧磷催化下的缩合反应及所生成的3-芳基-6-(6-/8-取代-4-氯喹啉-3-基)-1,2,4-三唑[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二唑类化合物与水合肼在乙醇中的肼解反应,合成了6个3-氨基-6/8取代-1H-吡唑[4,3-c]喹啉类化合物,并对活泼的氨基进行了初步研究,新化合物通过元素分析,IR,¹HNMR和MS确定结构,并讨论了其波谱性质.     

四组分一锅法合成多取代吡喃[2,3-c]吡唑-5-腈

在三乙胺催化下,以乙酰乙酸甲酯、苯肼、芳醛和丙二腈等4组分为原料,经一锅法合成了一系列多取代的吡喃并[2,3-c]吡唑衍生物(5a～5j),反应在10～15 min内即可完成.所有产物由IR、1HNMR和MS确证.该方法具有产率高、操作简单等优点.     

Cu催化新型苯并[e]吡唑并[1,5-c][1,3]噻嗪类化合物的合成

基于底物设计的概念,建立了一种以1-(2-溴芳基)-3-乙氧基-3-(取代胺基)-2-丙烯-1-酮(1)为原料,经由5-(2-溴芳基)-3-取代胺基-1H-吡唑(2)和异硫氰酸酯(3)在溴化亚铜/邻菲罗啉催化下高化学选择性地合成苯并[e]吡唑并[1,5-c][1,3]噻嗪类衍生物的新方法.该方法操作简单、反应条件温和且收率高.     

6-氨基-4-芳基-3-异丙基-1-苯基-4H-吡喃[2,3-c]吡唑-5-腈的三组分一锅法合成

在三乙胺的催化下,以1-苯基-3-异丙基吡唑-5-酮、芳香甲醛和丙二腈三组分为原料,经一锅法合成了一系列6-氨基-4-芳基-3-异丙基-1-苯基-4H-吡喃[2,3-c]吡唑-5-腈类化合物4a～4j.与常规合成法相比,该方法具有操作简单及产率较高等优点.产物的结构通过IR,1H NMR和质谱进行了确定.     

Synthesis of 6-Amino-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-5-carbonitriles Catalyzed by Silica-Supported Tetramethylguanidine Under Solvent-Free Conditions

An efficient, high-yielding, and rapid protocol has been developed for the synthesis of diversity-oriented 6-amino-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-5-carbonitriles derivatives via a four-component, one-pot cyclocondensation reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, aldehydes, and malononitrile using silica-supported tetramethylguanidine as a heterogeneous catalyst for the first time. The protocol proves to be efficient and environmentally benign in terms of very easy workup, good yields, and ease of recovery of catalyst. In addition, the present method is superior in terms of green media, the amount of catalyst, and reaction time.     

Morpholine triflate promoted one-pot,four-component synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3-c] pyrazoles

A one-pot,four-component reaction of ethyl acetoacetate,hydrazine hydrate,aldehydes,and malononitrile was discussed using Lewis acid catalyst morpholine triflate (MorT) to afford a series of dihydropyrano[2,3-c] pyrazoles,which were generally catalyzed by organic alkalis.Moderate to excellent yields,no chromatographic purification,and evasion of environmentally hazardous solvents in the reaction process make this protocol very useful for academia and industry.     

Theophylline as a new and green catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of spiro[benzo[a]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazine] and benzo[a]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazine derivatives under solvent-free conditions

A green, convenient, high yielding and one-pot procedure for the synthesis of novel spiro[benzo[a]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazine] derivatives by domino multi-component condensation reaction between 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, benzene-1,2-diamines, ninhydrine, and malononitrile in the presence of a catalytic amount of 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione (theophylline) as an expedient, eco-friendly and reusable solid base catalyst under thermal, microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions. This procedure has also been applied successfully for the synthesis of benzo[a]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazines.     

Using magnetized water as a solvent for a green,catalyst-free,and efficient protocol for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles and pyrano[4′,3′:5,6]pyrazolo [2,3-d]pyrimidines

Research on Chemical Intermediates - A facile, eco-friendly, and highly efficient one-pot four-component protocol is demonstrated for the synthesis of the pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole and...     

“On-water” one-pot four-component synthesis of novel 1H-furo[2,3-c]pyrazole-4-amine derivatives

Research on Chemical Intermediates - A catalyst-free, simple and green protocol has been accomplished for the synthesis of novel 1H-furo[2,3-c]pyrazole-4-amines in a one-pot four-component domino...     

Synthesis of pyrano[2,3-<Emphasis Type="Italic">c</Emphasis>]pyrazoles by ionic liquids under green and eco-safe conditions

Optimization of a green approach to the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles based on the one-pot, four-component condensation via a domino Knoevenagel/Michael/cyclization sequence was investigated. This method involved the evaluation of the activity of several ionic liquids (ILs) in various solvents. This one-pot, four-component reaction revealed simplicity, higher yield and lower toxicity advantages over a corresponding three-component method. The effect of reaction parameters including the type and amount of catalyst, type of solvent, reaction temperature and time were studied with respect to yield of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles. Catalyst recyclability and time-saving aspects of the reaction suggest that this method presents real alternatives over conventional reaction protocols.     

Zirconium@guanine@MCM-41 nanoparticles: An efficient heterogeneous mesoporous nanocatalyst for one-pot,multi-component tandem Knoevenagel condensation–Michael addition–cyclization Reactions

MCM-41-supported nanoscale guanine bonded with Zr (IV) was prepared using sol–gel method and characterized by FT-IR, Raman, XRD, BET, TGA, EDX, ICP, AAS, X-Ray mapping, SEM and TEM techniques. This compound was employed as an efficient, chemoselectivity and green heterogeneous catalyst in order to prepare a series of benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3-c]phenazine and spiro[benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3-c] phenazine] derivatives by one-pot, four-component domino reaction from the 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, benzene-1,2-diamines, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and carbonyl compounds in PEG, at 100 °C and, also, Bis (pyrazolyl) methane derivatives using aldehydes and 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone in ethanol under reflux condition. Results indicated that all products were synthesized in short reaction times and high yields in the ranges 78–99%. The Zr-guanine-MCM-41 can be recycled four runs without any significant loss of its catalytic activity. In addition, the stability of the catalyst was confirmed by metal leaching, heterogeneity tests, SEM and FT-IR techniques.     

Convenient DABCO-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of multi-substituted pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole dicarboxylates

We developed an efficient and simple one-pot synthesis of functionalized multi-substituted 2,4-dihydro-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole dicarboxylates from β-ketoesters, hydrazine, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and malononitrile in EtOH. This four-component one-pot reaction carried out in the presence of DABCO catalyst showed advantages over a one-pot three-component method in its simple procedure, high yield and low toxicity.     

碱性离子液体催化“一锅法”合成1,4-二氢吡喃并[2,3-c]吡唑

在碱性离子液体氢氧化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([bmim]OH)催化作用下,由芳香醛、丙二腈、苯甲酰乙酸乙酯和肼或苯肼"一锅法"合成了一系列1,4-二氢吡喃并[2,3-c]吡唑化合物.实验中考察了催化剂、反应温度、催化剂用量、溶剂对反应的影响,确定了最优反应条件,给出了可能的反应机理.此外催化剂可以方便地收回,且循环使用四次其催化活性并没有显著降低.目标产物经过了1H NMR,IR,MS和元素分析确证.合成方法条件温和、反应时间短、产率高且对环境友好.     

Synthesis of one-pot pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazin-15-yl) methanone derivatives via a multi-component using Fe3O4@TiO2-SO3H as a recoverable magnetic catalyst under microwave irradiation

ABSTRACT

A new one-pot method for the synthesis four-component of pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazin-15-yl)methanone derivatives has been developed in the presence of nano Fe₃O₄@TiO₂-SO₃H catalysts (heterogeneous acid) under microwave conditions and in a solvent-free environment at 180?W. One of the benefits of using this catalyst was its re-use in subsequent stages of its reaction without much loss in its activity, which was carried out by an external magnet and recovered. The catalyst was synthesized and characterized by XRD, EDX, TEM, FESEM, TGA-DTA, BET, VSM and AFM. The productivity of the products obtained from this protocol (MAOS) is significantly high and the shorter reaction time in the synthesis process over the reflux method. These results showed advantages for synthesis, such as mild reaction conditions, no use of toxic catalysts in the laboratory, solvent-free environment, low energy consumption and Economically Affordable.