圆偏振热活化延迟荧光材料及其器件的研究进展

圆偏振热活化延迟荧光材料具有分子结构易修饰、激子利用率高及圆偏振发光等特点,在光学信息存储、3D显示、发光器件和数据加密等领域具有广阔应用前景.利用此类材料作为发光层制备的圆偏振有机发光二极管,能够同时实现高发光不对称因子和理论上达100%的激子利用率,对发展低功耗和高性能有机发光二极管至关重要.近年来,通过不断的分子结构设计与优化,该类材料在有机发光二极管中的电致发光效率不断提高,但是仍然存在不对称因子低及效率滚降严重等问题.基于此,整理了目前已报道的圆偏振热活化延迟荧光化合物,重点讨论了其分子结构设计与光物理性质、圆偏振特性以及电致发光性能的关系规律,并对高性能圆偏振热活化延迟荧光材料的制备及其在有机发光二极管中的应用进行了展望.     

溶液加工型自主体热活化延迟荧光材料的研究进展

十年来,作为第三代有机发光二极管(organic light-emitting diodes, OLED)发光材料的热活化延迟荧光(thermally activated delayed fluorescence, TADF)材料备受学术界和产业界的广泛关注. TADF分子由于单重态与三重态之间的能级差较小,当受到环境热激活时,三重态激子可以通过反系间窜越转化为单重态,从理论上讲,可以实现100%的激子利用率.这一特性使得OLED器件外量子效率显著提高.溶液加工法具有成本低、方法简单、材料利用率高、可大面积生产等优势,是柔性及印刷OLED器件制备工艺的理想候选.具有良好的电荷传输能力的主体材料能有效降低激子密度和促进能量高效传递.利用自主体TADF材料制备的溶液加工型器件能有效平衡载流子传输和提升器件性能,同时在使用过程中可避免相分离,保持薄膜的均匀性和提高器件的稳定性.本综述总结了溶液加工型自主体TADF材料的研究进展.首先介绍了TADF材料的基本原理和研究意义,强调了溶液加工型自主体TADF材料在显示器件和照明器件等方面的应用潜力.然后详细讨论了溶液加工型自主体TADF材料的不同分...     

蓝色延迟荧光材料及器件的研究进展

有机发光二极管(OLEDs)作为新一代的显示技术,因其启亮电压低、厚度薄、能效高、响应速度快等优点,而被世界各国研究人员所关注。 有机电致发光材料及器件的发展一直备受关注,根据发光机理的不同,有机发光材料可以分为荧光材料和磷光材料。 蓝色荧光材料作为OLEDs发展中的重要部分,拥有磷光材料无法比拟的优势,近年来成为研究热点。 本文介绍了近年来国内外蓝色延迟荧光材料的研究进展,并展望了其发展前景和趋势。     

聚集诱导延迟荧光材料及器件研究进展

;热活化延迟荧光(TADF)材料无需贵金属参与即可实现单线态和三线态激子的全利用,成为了有机电致发光的研究热点.但是目前大部分TADF材料都表现出严重聚积诱导发光猝灭现象,这对其应用和发展不利.聚集诱导延迟荧光材料作为一种新型TADF材料,具有独特的聚集诱导荧光增强现象引起科研工作者极大兴趣.基于聚集诱导延迟荧光材料分...     

圆偏振发光性质的热活化延迟荧光材料及电致发光器件

具有圆偏振发光性质的热活化延迟荧光(circularly polarized thermally activated delayed fluorescence,CP-TADF)材料,因其在数据存储、生物成像以及3D显示等领域的应用前景,受到学者们的广泛关注。基于此类材料所制备的圆偏振热活化延迟荧光器件展现出优异的器件性能。本文从圆偏振热活化延迟荧光材料的发光机理及分子设计策略出发,依据CP-TADF材料构筑方法的不同,概括了其结构设计策略,系统地综述了各种类型CP-TADF材料的分子结构和光电性能的关系及其在电致发光器件领域的应用,最后探讨了目前CP-TADF材料存在的问题,并展望了其未来发展前景及挑战。     

基于铜金属有机配合物的热活化延迟荧光材料

具有热活化延迟荧光(thermally activated delayed fluorescence, TADF)特性的配合物可以同时利用单重态和三重态激子,因此发光量子效率较高,近年来受到广大科研工作者的关注。特别是铜金属有机配合物,最低单重态和最低三重态的能量差较小,又可以通过不同配体或取代基进行调节,所以具有较好TADF性能。本文根据配位原子的类型,汇总和分析了近5年具有TADF性质的铜配合物的结构特点和发光性能,并简要讨论了其在有机发光二极管(organic light-emitting diodes,OLEDs)中的潜在应用。     

喹喔啉类红光热活化延迟荧光材料研究进展

红光材料是显示三基色材料之一, 具有发射能量小、穿透能力强和背景荧光干扰小等优点, 被广泛应用于全彩显示、生物传感和光动力治疗等领域. 红光材料目前存在的问题主要有: (1)跃迁能级小, 其非辐射跃迁速率快, 导致量子效率普遍较低; (2)分子共轭较大, 存在较强的π-π堆积作用, 容易导致荧光淬灭; (3)分子设计需要更大的共轭, 在分子合成上较为困难. 热活化延迟荧光(thermally activated delayed fluorescence, TADF)材料作为具有全新的发光机制的材料能够通过反向系间窜越过程利用三重态激子发射荧光, 极大地提高了量子效率, 因此, 基于TADF机制的红光材料成为了近年来人们研究的热点. 由于结构的特点, 喹喔啉及其衍生物非常适合用来构建红光TADF分子. 从喹喔啉类TADF红光材料的分子结构视角出发, 对红光TADF材料的近年来的研究进行概述, 讨论分子结构对材料性能影响, 并且对其发展进行展望.     

一种热活化延迟荧光黄光材料的合成、性能及高效率电致发光器件

利用吩噁嗪和嘧啶分别作为电子给体和电子受体，通过Buchwald-Hartwig和Suzuki偶联反应成功合成了一种热活化延迟荧光黄光材料pPBPXZ.密度泛函理论计算显示，pPBPXZ分子中吩噁嗪和嘧啶结构单元间的二面角接近90°，而两个嘧啶结构单元与连接二者的苯环间的二面角接近0°；pPBPXZ的最高电子占据轨道主要分布在吩噁嗪结构单元上，最低电子未占轨道主要分布在嘧啶环和苯环上，两种分子轨道只有很小部分重叠.循环伏安、热重和差热测试表明，pPBPXZ具有高的电化学稳定性和热稳定性.在甲苯溶液中，pPBPXZ在360~495 nm显示出了明显的分子内电荷转移跃迁吸收，室温发光峰出现在535 nm.根据低温（77 K）荧光和磷光光谱，计算得到pPBPXZ的最低激发单重态和最低激发三重态能级分别为2.57 eV和2.48 eV，能级差（△E_ST）仅为0.09 eV.利用pPBPXZ作为发光层客体掺杂材料，制备出了高效率的黄光电致发光器件.器件的发射峰出现在552~560 nm，最大电流效率、功率效率和外量子效率分别达到了49.9 cd/A、49.0 lm/W和15.7%，而且发光效率受pPBPXZ掺杂浓度影响较小.     

高分子发光材料研究进展

高分子发光材料具有可溶液加工的特点,适于制备低成本、大面积发光器件,在平板显示和固体照明领域具有潜在的应用前景.近年来,高分子发光材料在发光机制、材料体系和器件性能等方面均取得了重要进展,各项性能得到了大幅度提升.本文从材料和器件角度,围绕高分子荧光材料、高分子磷光材料和高分子热活化延迟荧光材料的分子设计策略,总结和评述了高分子荧光材料的颜色调控和效率提升途径,高分子磷光材料的磷光掺杂剂、高分子主体、拓扑结构等因素对发光性能的影响规律,以及高分子热活化延迟荧光材料的设计原理和典型材料体系.同时,分析了高分子发光材料未来发展面临的机遇和挑战.     

基于给-受体结构的热活化延迟荧光材料

热活化延迟荧光（TADF）材料由于第一单线态（S₁）与三线态激发态（T₁）之间的能级差较小,使得三线态激子能够有效地系间窜越至单线态发光,实现100%的激子利用率,在有机发光二极管（OLED）等领域得到广泛应用,是目前有机电子学研究的热点之一。基于给-受体（D-A）结构构建TADF材料具有分子设计简便、易于制备、性能优异等特点,引起了人们的普遍关注。本文综述了基于D-A结构设计TADF材料的基本原则,依据给受体构筑单元的不同,概括了各类TADF材料的结构和性能特点以及在器件应用等方面的最新研究进展,最后总结了D-A结构型TADF材料尚存在的问题,并对其未来的关键研究方向进行了分析和展望。     

Effect of a Pendant Acceptor on Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Properties of Conjugated Polymers with Backbone‐Donor/Pendant‐Acceptor Architecture

Three sets of conjugated polymers with backbone‐donor/pendant‐acceptor architectures, named PCzA3PyB, PCzAB2Py, and PCzAB3Py, are designed and synthesized. The three isomeric benzoylpyridine‐based pendant acceptor groups are 6‐benzoylpyridin‐3‐yl (3PyB), 4‐((pyridin‐2‐yl)carbonyl)phenyl (B2Py) and 4‐((pyridin‐3‐yl)carbonyl)phenyl (B3Py), whereas the identical backbone consists of 3,6‐carbazolyl and 2,7‐acridinyl rings. One acridine ring and each acceptor group constitute a definite thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) unit, incorporated into the main chain of the polymers through the 2,7‐position of the acridine ring with the varied content. All of the polymers display legible TADF features with a short microsecond‐scale delayed lifetime (0.56–1.62 μs) and a small singlet/triplet energy gap (0.10–0.19 eV). Progressively redshifted emissions are observed in the order PCzAB3Py, PCzA3PyB, and PCzAB2Py owing to the different substitution patterns of the pyridyl group. Photoluminescence quantum yields can be improved by regulating the molar content of the TADF unit in the range 0.5–50 %. The non‐doped organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) fabricated by solution‐processing technology emit yellow‐green to orange light. The polymers with 5 mol % of the TADF unit exhibit excellent comprehensive electroluminescence performance, in which PCzAB2Py5 achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11.9 %, low turn‐on voltage of 3.0 V, yellow emission with a wavelength of 573 nm and slow roll‐off with EQE of 11.6 % at a luminance of 1000 cd m^?2 and driving voltage of 5.5 V.     

Design Approach of Lifetime Extending Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Sensitizers for Highly Efficient Fluorescence Devices

In this work, a design approach of three thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters to extend the device lifetime of the TADF sensitized fluorescent devices was studied. Three TADF materials, 5-{4,6-bis[4-(tert-butyl)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}-2-(10,15-diphenyl-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindolo[3,2-a:3′,2′-c]carbazol-5-yl)benzonitrile (tTCNTruX), 4-[3-cyano-4-(10,15-diphenyl-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindolo[3,2-a:3′,2′-c]carbazol-5-yl)phenyl]-2,6-diphenylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (PCNTruX) and 4-(4-{10,15-bis[4-(tert-butyl)phenyl]-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindolo[3,2-a:3′,2′-c]carbazol-5-yl}-3-cyanophenyl)-2,6-diphenylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (PCNtTruX), were synthesized as sensitizers for TADF-sensitized fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes. The two tTCNTruX and PCNtTruX TADF emitters were designed to have Dexter energy transfer with blocking groups either in the donor or acceptor unit of the donor–acceptor-type TADF sensitizer. The TADF materials showed small singlet–triplet energy splitting and a high reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate for effective sensitization of the fluorescent emission of the fluorescent emitter. tTCNTruX- and PCNtTruX-sensitized fluorescent devices showed maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 17.7 % and 11.5 % in the yellow and red devices, respectively, which were higher than those of TADF-sensitized devices with the corresponding TADF sensitizer without a blocking group. Moreover, the device lifetime was also extended by employing the tTCNTruX and PCNtTruX sensitizers. This work demonstrated that the tTCNTruX and PCNtTruX sensitizers are effective to improve the maximum EQE and device lifetime of TADF-sensitized fluorescent devices.     

Highly Effective Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Based on Symmetry and Asymmetry Nicotinonitrile Derivatives

In this study, we developed two thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, ICzCN and ICzCYP, to apply to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). These emitters involve indolocarbazole (ICz) donor units and nicotinonitrile acceptor units with a twisted donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) structure for small singlet (S₁) and triplet (T₁) state energy gap (ΔE_ST) to enable efficient exciton transfer from the T₁ to the S₁ state. Depending on the position of the cyano-substituent, ICzCN has a symmetric structure by introducing donor units at the 3,5-position of isonicotinonitrile, and ICzCYP has an asymmetric structure by introducing donor units at the 2,6-position of nicotinonitrile. These emitters have different properties, such as the maximum luminance (L_max) value. The L_max of ICzCN reached over 10000 cd m⁻². The external quantum efficiency (η_ext) was 14.8% for ICzCN and 14.9% for ICzCYP, and both achieved a low turn-on voltage (V_on) of less than 3.4 eV.     

Phenoxazine-Dibenzothiophene Sulfoximine Emitters Featuring Both Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Aggregation Induced Emission

In this work, we demonstrate dibenzothiophene sulfoximine derivatives as building blocks for constructing emitters featuring both thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, with multiple advantages including high chemical and thermal stability, facile functionalization, as well as tunable electron-accepting ability. A series of phenoxazine-dibenzothiophene sulfoximine structured TADF emitters were successfully synthesized and their photophysical and electroluminescent properties were evaluated. The electroluminescence devices based on these emitters displayed diverse emissions from yellow to orange and reached external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 5.8% with 16.7% efficiency roll-off at a high brightness of 1000 cd·m⁻².     

高效溶液法制备延迟荧光电致发光器件研究

本文以2-[对-N,N-二苯基氨基-苯基]-S-二氧硫杂蒽酮(TXO-TPA)为发光材料, 4,4',4"-三(9-咔唑基)三苯胺(TCTA) 为主体材料, 通过溶液法与真空蒸镀相结合的工艺,制备了高效延迟荧光型电致发光器件。为了考察不同电子传输材料对器件性能的影响,分别选取TmPyPB、TPBI、BCP、Alq₃作为电子传输层制备器件,并对器件的性能进行系统的研究。结果表明:由于1,3,5-三(1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯(TPBI)具有合适的HOMO/LUMO能级、高的电子迁移率以及高的三重态能级,利于电子的传输和激子的阻挡,以其为电子传输层的器件显示出最佳的性能,器件的开启电压低至3.6 V,电流效率达到16.2 cd/A,最大的EQE达到5.97%。     

CN-Modified Imidazopyridine as a New Electron Accepting Unit of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters

Two efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters were developed by utilizing CN-modified imidazopyridine as an acceptor unit. The CN-modified imidazopyridine acceptor was combined with either an acridine donor or a phenoxazine donor through a phenyl linker to produce two TADF emitters, Ac-CNImPy and PXZ-CNImPy. The acridine-based Ac-CNImPy emitter exhibited sky-blue emission with a CIE coordinate of (0.18, 0.38), whereas the phenoxazine-donor-based PXZ-CNImPy showed greenish-yellow emission with a CIE coordinate of (0.32, 0.58). A high photoluminescence quantum yield of 80 % was observed for the PXZ-CNImPy emitter compared with 40 % for the Ac-CNImPy emitter. Organic light-emitting diodes based on the PXZ-CNImPy emitter demonstrated high external quantum efficiency of 17.0 %. Hence, the CN-modified imidazopyridine unit can be considered as a useful electron acceptor for the future design of highly efficient TADF emitters.     

热活化延迟荧光蓝光小分子取代基效应的研究进展

近年来,作为第三代有机发光二极管(organic light-emitting diodes, OLED)发光材料的热活化延迟荧光(thermally activated delayed fluorescence, TADF)材料受到了学术界和产业界的广泛关注. TADF分子由于其单线态与三线态之间的能级差较小,三线态激子可以被环境热活化而通过反系间窜越上转换至单线态,理论上可实现100%的激子利用率,从而使得OLED器件外量子效率显著提高.TADF材料被认为是突破高效稳定有机电致蓝光发射瓶颈的潜在解决方案.一般, TADF分子为含有电子给体(donor, D)和电子受体(acceptor, A)的纯有机推拉电子体系.通过改变给体单元和受体单元的结构、数量和取代基及其位置可以有效调节TADF分子的单线态-三线态能级差、前线轨道分布、聚集态结构、电致发光颜色及其性能.同时取代基在调控给、受体单元的推拉电子能力及TADF材料的分子构型、聚集态结构和稳定性等物化特性方面扮演着非常重要的角色.本综述分别对D-A型和多重共振型TADF蓝光分子的取代基效应进行了综述,以期为高效稳定的蓝光TADF分...