不同偏振飞秒激光经块状材料传输后的脉宽压缩

实验研究了线偏振和圆偏振状态下的飞秒强激光脉冲在块状材料中的传输过程。不同偏振的激光脉冲在传输过程中得到了不同程度的光谱展宽,经色散补偿后,脉冲时域宽度均得到了压缩。详细分析了压缩脉冲的脉宽以及啁啾情况与入射激光脉冲能量之间的关系,比较了飞秒激光在线偏振及圆偏振情况下的不同压缩效果。在线偏振入射光情况下得到了最短21fs的压缩脉冲宽度,在圆偏振情况下得到的最短脉冲宽度为22fs。实验结果表明,这种光谱展宽与色散补偿方式对圆偏振光同样适用,而且圆偏振的入射激光将更有利于对更高能量的脉冲进行压缩。在色散补偿量相同的情况下,压缩效果随入射脉冲能量变化的规律符合理论估计。     

圆偏振光和线偏振光在正常色散材料中的时空自压缩

实验研究了圆偏振和线偏振高强度飞秒激光脉冲在正常色散材料中传输时的时空自压缩现象。实验中利用BK7玻璃作为正色散材料,比较研究了不同偏振入射情况下脉冲波形及频谱的变化规律。圆偏振光入射时,可以获得更短脉冲宽度的压缩脉冲和更窄的光谱宽度。在圆偏振光入射条件下,50 fs入射脉冲成功地自压缩到了19 fs,获得了大于2.5倍的压缩倍率。所以利用圆偏振光可以获得更短压缩脉冲,更大能量,更好光束质量的激光。     

线偏振光和圆偏振光下ZrO_2和Al_2O_3陶瓷材料的飞秒激光烧蚀性能

将不同脉冲数的飞秒激光作用于陶瓷材料表面,研究了线偏振和圆偏振激光对氧化锆和氧化铝陶瓷材料烧蚀阈值的影响,利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析了烧蚀坑表面形貌,利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜确定了烧蚀坑深度.结果表明:两种材料在线偏振光下的饱和烧蚀阈值均小于在圆偏振光下的值;当偏振态相同时,氧化锆饱和烧蚀阈值小于氧化铝.随脉冲数增加,线偏振和圆偏振光下氧化锆烧蚀坑表面结构均由无序向有序发展,出现了周期性环形波纹结构和纳米孔洞阵列.与线偏振光相比,圆偏振光对烧蚀坑深度的作用更明显,且烧蚀坑表面形貌对能量密度变化比较敏感,更容易产生周期性结构.     

飞秒激光在光子晶体光纤中产生超连续光谱机制的实验研究

报道了利用零色散在780nm处的光子晶体光纤与纳焦耳量级的飞秒激光脉冲相互作用的实验结果.实验使用35fs，中心波长810—840nm，单脉冲能量可达14nJ的飞秒激光光源获得了超过一个倍频程的平坦超连续光谱（500—1100nm）.在不同功率、不同中心波长、不同啁啾和有无直流成分的多种飞秒脉冲激光的条件下，研究了超连续光谱的产生情况.并对一系列现象进行了对比，分析了超连续光谱产生的机制. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 飞秒脉冲激光 超连续光谱     

飞秒激光脉冲成丝过程中激射信号的实验研究

为了使理工科专业学生了解和应用飞秒激光技术,设计搭建了双色激光场泵浦-探测实验测量装置,采用高分辨光谱仪测量了飞秒激光成丝过程中N+2离子391 nm激射信号.通过对比圆偏振和线偏振的泵浦激光作用下的激射光谱,探究了391 nm激射产生的物理机制,观测了不同转动能级间跃迁的量子拍频现象,并提取了拍频信号的频率.     

线偏振、圆偏振和椭圆偏振的飞秒激光诱导熔融石英损伤(英文)

基于电子分布函数的等离子体模型被广泛应用于熔融石英上飞秒激光诱导损伤过程的研究.在本研究中,等离子体模型被修正以研究不同的偏振状态的损伤过程,包括线偏振、圆偏振和椭圆偏振等.首先,使用扩展的Keldysh理论拟合得到不同偏振下的多光子电离截面.其次,为消除沉积能量梯度对模拟过程的影响,对介电函数进行了"非局部化处理".模拟结果表明:不同偏振下光子电离过程的差异是导致损伤过程差异的主要原因,而材料光学特性的改变导致的负反馈效应会使得该差异减小.修正等离子体模型预测的不同偏振下损伤阈值与实验结果吻合良好.     

多偏振飞秒激光制备彩色铁

采用四个不同偏振方向的线偏振和圆偏振态飞秒激光扫描处理金属铁表面来制备不同的彩色铁。从不同角度观察被处理区域时,线偏振扫描处理的彩色区域呈现不同的色彩,而圆偏振扫描处理的区域没有明显的颜色变化。扫描电子显微镜图片显示,线偏振激光扫描处理金属铁表面形成了nm量级的激光诱导周期表面结构,其方向始终与激光偏振方向垂直;圆偏振激光扫描处理金属铁表面形成的条纹结构不明显且有大量的纳米颗粒结构。     

1040nm泵浦的光子晶体光纤超连续光谱产生性能退化研究

光子晶体光纤已经被广泛应用于由飞秒脉冲激光源产生超连续光谱。当激光源的重复频率较低时,由光子晶体光纤产生的超连续光谱随时间的变化过程较为缓慢,通常不被注意到。而在天文光谱仪定标等应用中,需要使用GHz至几十GHz量级的高重复频率激光源。此时,可观察到光子晶体光纤的超连续光谱产生性能在有限时间内产生显著的退化。在1 040 nm飞秒激光泵浦条件下,通过测试三种不同气孔占空比的光子晶体光纤的超连续光谱产生性能演化,发现超连续光谱的退化进程随光纤气孔占空比的增大而加速。观察发生光谱退化后的光子晶体光纤样品,发现在光纤上超连续光被产生的区段出现多个不同颜色的亮点,呈现有方向性的光泄露现象。针对光泄露现象,通过测量光纤的吸收光谱线,证实了实验中超连续光谱退化的主因并非是光纤熔融石英材料中大量非桥氧色心产生。针对光泄露具有方向性这一特征,提出了经由多光子吸收作用在光纤纤芯中形成长周期光栅的理论。为探究影响光子晶体光纤超连续光谱产生性能的退化的因素,以达到光谱退化抑制的目的,首先通过改变了光纤的拉锥参数,期望增强光纤熔融石英材料的光子耐受性。实验结果证实了该方法的有效性较为有限。其次,从保持激光源的平均功率,降低激光脉冲的峰值功率和保持激光脉冲的峰值功率,降低激光源平均功率两个方面入手,对激光源进行调制。实验结果证明,光纤单位时间内接受的高峰值功率脉冲总量是影响其超连续光谱产生性能的最重要因素。在天文光谱仪定标的应用中,对超连续光谱光功率的需求并不高,使用斩波器降低光子晶体光纤入射光的平均功率是减缓超连续光谱产生性能退化过程的有效且简单可行的方法。     

OPA泵浦保偏光子晶体光纤产生超连续谱和非线性特性的研究

采用波长可调光参量放大器作为泵浦源,对保偏光子晶体光纤的超连续谱的产生和非线性特性进行了实验研究.将光参量放大器产生的中心波长为1.27 μm,脉宽约为250 fs,重复频率为250 kHz和单脉冲能量只有92 nJ的光脉冲耦合进0.2 m长的保偏光子晶体光纤,实验中观察到了光谱展宽和非线性效应,在1.3 μm 波长区域获得了谱宽为83 nm (1.2486 ～1.3318 μm)的超连续谱.     

飞秒激光打孔硅的孔洞形貌研究

在飞秒激光打孔硅材料过程中,为了得到表面等离子体效应和激光烧蚀形成的孔洞对后续激光能量在孔内分布的影响,建立单脉冲等离子体阈值理论模型及设计连续飞秒激光烧蚀硅材料实验.理论计算得到的损伤阈值为0.21J/cm2,符合实验模型测得的阈值0.20~0.25J/cm2.当载流子密度达到临界值Ncr,等离子体的激发会导致表面反射率短时间内急剧上升.入射激光通量从0.5J/cm2增大到3.0J/cm2,烧蚀深度逐渐增大并趋于约1.1μm,同时脉宽从150fs减小到50fs,烧蚀结构类似于椭圆形烧蚀轮廓.后续激光脉冲辐照在已形成的孔洞上时,基于时域有限差分法,控制光束与孔壁的夹角从79℃到49℃,激光能量越接近孔底中心,越易引发该范围内的等离子体激发;且在不同偏振态光束辐照下,孔底的能量分布不同会造成相应特殊的烧蚀形貌.增大激光通量和减小脉冲宽度获得理想的初始孔洞结构,可使后续脉冲能量集中孔底中心区域,打孔效果更好.     

Circular dichroism in laser-assisted short-pulse photoionization

A remarkable effect of circular dichroism, i.e., a difference in photoelectron spectra produced by right and left circularly polarized light in two-color multiphoton ionization of atoms, is predicted for the case when the atom is ionized by an extreme ultraviolet or x-ray femtosecond pulse in the field of a strong infrared laser pulse, both pulses being circularly polarized. We show that the sidebands formed in the spectra exhibit different circular dichroism often of different signs both in angle-resolved and angle-integrated experimental conditions. The effect can be used for detecting and measuring circular polarization of x rays in a spectral range where other methods are not effective.     

Femtosecond laser-induced Cu plasma spectra at different laser polarizations and sample temperatures

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a good technique for detecting and analyzing material elements due to the plasma emission produced by the high-power laser pulse. Currently, a significant topic of LIBS research is improving the emission intensity of LIBS. This study investigated the effect of laser-polarization on femtosecond laser-ablated Cu plasma spectra at different sample temperatures. The measured lines under circularly polarized lasers were higher than those under linearly and elliptically polarized lasers. The enhancement effect was evident at higher Cu temperatures when comparing the plasma spectra that have circular and linear polarizations for different target temperatures. To understand the influence of laser-polarization and sample temperature on signal intensity, we calculated the plasma temperature (PT) and electron density (ED) . The change in PT and ED was consistent with the change in the atomic lines as the laser polarization was being adjusted. When raising the Cu temperature, the PT increased while the ED decreased. Raising the Cu temperature whilst adjusting the laser-polarization is effective for improving the signal of femtosecond LIBS compared to raising the initial sample temperature alone or only changing the laser polarization.     

Circularly polarized sub-1.5 cycle laser pulses at 1.8 μm

The generation of intense carrier-envelope-phase-stabilized sub-1.5 cycle circularly polarized pulses at 1.8 μm is reported. After changing the polarization of the pulses produced by an optical parameter amplifier to circular, selected nonlinear medium parameters are found to be able to expand the spectrum to supercontinuum (1,300–2,100 nm) with a extremely high transmittance (>65 %). Using such laser pulses, polarization control of terahertz emission is demonstrated.     

不同偏振态下的飞秒激光脉冲与铝靶相互作用中超热电子的产生

研究了P偏振、S偏振和圆(C)偏振态下亚相对论强度飞秒激光脉冲与铝靶相互作用时产生的超热电子的能谱和靶背向角分布，并对S偏振产生的超热电子的特殊角分布通过引入表面磁场的概念进行了定性解释. 关键词： 超短超强激光 等离子体 超热电子 表面磁场     

The polarization-dependence of femtosecond laser damage threshold inside fused silica

The laser damage threshold inside fused silica is dependent not only on the numerical aperture (NA) of the focusing objective, but also on the polarization of the incident femtosecond laser pulses. The damage threshold for circularly polarized beams is higher than that for linearly polarized beams when NA>0.4, but the former was lower than the latter when NA<0.4. The reverse might be due to different damage processes: laser induced damage at high NA and the self-focusing induced breakdown at low NA.     

Interference model of femtosecond laser pulse conical emission in dispersive medium

A simple interference model is proposed for conical emission frequency-angular spectrum formation during the filamentation of femtosecond laser pulse in a nonlinear dispersive medium. The model allows to obtain analytical expressions for frequency-angular distributions of the supercontinuum spectral components of pulses at different wavelengths in media with arbitrary material dispersion law. The model reproduces the supercontinuum frequency-angular spectrum transformation for the case of laser pulse splitting into several subpulses and for multiple refocusing of the light field in filament. Frequency-angular spectra analytically calculated from the proposed interference model are in good agreement with the results of numerical simulations performed for the filamentation of femtosecond laser pulses in fused silica.     

Polarization-dependent supercontinuum generation from light filaments in air

We investigate polarization-dependent properties of the supercontinuum emission generated from filaments produced by intense femtosecond laser pulses propagating through air over a long distance. The conversion efficiency from the 800-nm fundamental to white light is observed to be higher for circular polarization than for linear polarization when the laser intensity exceeds the threshold of the breakdown of air.