A hybrid approach for nonlinear computational aeroacoustics predictions

In many aeroacoustics applications involving nonlinear waves and obstructions in the far-field, approaches based on the classical acoustic analogy theory or the linearised Euler equations are unable to fully characterise the acoustic field. Therefore, computational aeroacoustics hybrid methods that incorporate nonlinear wave propagation have to be constructed. In this study, a hybrid approach coupling Navier–Stokes equations in the acoustic source region with nonlinear Euler equations in the acoustic propagation region is introduced and tested. The full Navier–Stokes equations are solved in the source region to identify the acoustic sources. The flow variables of interest are then transferred from the source region to the acoustic propagation region, where the full nonlinear Euler equations with source terms are solved. The transition between the two regions is made through a buffer zone where the flow variables are penalised via a source term added to the Euler equations. Tests were conducted on simple acoustic and vorticity disturbances, two-dimensional jets (Mach 0.9 and 2), and a three-dimensional jet (Mach 1.5), impinging on a wall. The method is proven to be effective and accurate in predicting sound pressure levels associated with the propagation of linear and nonlinear waves in the near- and far-field regions.     

基于数字滤波的激光陀螺数字信号处理算法

基于Sagnac效应的激光陀螺,信号输出为天然的数字形式,高速数字信号处理器为数字滤波提供了硬件平台,在现有研制精度和工艺水平下,激光陀螺输出信号的滤波算法好坏直接影响其精度。采集激光陀螺0.25 ms原始测试数据,并以此为研究对象,首先采用改进的FIR、IIR滤波算法进行了处理,然后从算法的实时性、处理精度等方面讨论了改进算法的优缺点,最后为激光陀螺选定了最优的滤波算法:IIR滤波+13阶FIR滤波。试验表明,相对于34阶FIR滤波,选定的滤波算法在不减低系统精度的基础上,将系统的时延从传统的3.625 ms降至1.805 ms左右,极大提高了制导系统的实时性,具有重要的工程参考价值。     

Linear and nonlinear waves in liquid dielectrics

Fluid Dynamics - A study is made of linear and nonlinear waves in liquid dielectrics in strong external electric fields. In the case of linear waves, it is assumed that the liquid has bipolar...     

On the signal degradation induced by the interpolation and the sampling rate reduction in aeroacoustics hybrid methods

Taking place within more extensive work that focuses on hybrid methods in aeroacoustics, the present study is devoted to the data transfer operations that are to be performed between two stages of a hybrid calculation. More precisely, the article focuses on two typical operations that usually accompany such data transfer, which are (i) the sampling rate reduction and (ii) the interpolation of the unsteady perturbations to be transmitted from one stage to the other. First part of the paper analyzes the two main issues of such operations, which are the spuriousing and the aliasing phenomena. For doing so, the usual notions of the interpolation theory are revisited before they are synthesized within an original approach. The here proposed formalism allows to understand better both the spuriousing and the aliasing phenomena, as well as to accurately predict the impact of the latter on the data to be transmitted in terms of signal degradation. Second part of the paper provides an illustration and a validation of these theoretical developments via a direct application to a typical aerodynamic noise problem (aeroacoustic emission by a 2D cylinder cross flow). There, it is further shown how the here proposed formalism can help in improving aeroacoustics hybrid calculations by predicting (and thus possibly minimizing) the bias to be induced on the acoustic extrapolation stage because of the aliasing and/or spuriousing effects inherited from the sampling rate reduction and/or interpolation of CFD data—which is likely to occur in any hybrid scenario. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solitary waves for Non-Destructive Testing applications: Delayed nonlinear time reversal signal processing optimization

An original signal processing method called delayed Time Reversal-Nonlinear Elastic Wave Spectroscopy is introduced in the present paper. The method could be used to amplify signal in certain regions of the material under Non Destructive Testing. It allows to optimize and change the shape of the received focused wave in the material, either by making the focusing sharper by decreasing the side lobes or making it wider by modifying the actual focusing peak. It is also possible to use the focused signal as a delta-basis to construct a signal with arbitrary envelope or reduce the side lobes of the focused signal. These concepts are shown to work well in the simulations and the physical experiments. This signal processing method is particularly promising for nonlinear and solitary wave analysis, since it allows to create an interaction of sharp and solitary wave peaks just underneath the receiving transducer. Due to simple and accurate linear prediction of the received interaction signal, any differences of measurements and predictions could indicate the presence of nonlinearities.     

Linear and nonlinear analysis of stiffened plates

An analysis is presented for the large deflection of clamped laterally loaded skew plates with stiffeners parallel to the skew directions. The governing nonlinear differential equations are derived taking into account the eccentricity of the stiffeners. A numerical procedure involving the use of integral equations of beams and the Newton-Raphson method is employed to get the solution. Numerical work has been done. The effect of variation of skew angle and size of stiffener on the behaviour of the stiffened skew plate has been studied.     

Linear and nonlinear dynamics of reciprocating engines

In the first part of this study, dynamic models of single- and multi-cylinder reciprocating machines are presented, which may involve torsional flexibility in the crankshaft. These models take into account the dependence of the engine moment of inertia on the crankshaft rotation. In addition, both the driving and the resisting moments are expressed as functions of the crankshaft motion. This leads to dynamic models with equations of motion appearing in a strongly nonlinear form. Initially, an approximate analytical solution is presented for a linearized version of the equations of motion, by applying a suitable asymptotic method. This provides valuable insight into some aspects of the system dynamics. In the second part, numerical results are presented for linear and nonlinear engine models by applying appropriate methodologies, leading to direct determination of complete branches of steady-state response. These results illustrate the effect of the system parameters on its dynamics. Finally, some results are also presented in an effort to investigate the effect of engine misfire.     

Linear and nonlinear sloshing in a circular conical tank

Linear and nonlinear fluid sloshing problems in a circular conical tank are studied in a curvilinear coordinate system. The linear sloshing modes are approximated by a series of the solid spheric harmonics. These modes are used to derive a new nonlinear modal theory based on the Moiseyev asymptotics. The theory makes it possible to both classify steady-state waves occurring due to horizontal resonant excitation and visualise nonlinear wave patterns. Secondary (internal) resonances and shallow fluid sloshing (predicted for the semi-apex angles >60) are extensively discussed.     

Linear and weakly nonlinear variable viscosity convection in spherical shells

A theoretical study of linear and weakly nonlinear thermal convection in a spherical shell is performed. The Boussinesq fluid is of infinite Prandtl number and its viscosity is temperature dependent. The linear stability eigenvalue problem is derived and solved by a shooting method assuming isothermal, stress-free boundaries, a self-gravitating fluid, and corresponding to two heating models. The first is heating from below, and the second is a model of combined heating from below and within, such that convection is described by a self-adjoint linear stability formulation. In addition, nonlinear, hemispherical, axisymmetric convection is computed by a finite volume technique for a shell with 0.5 aspect ratio. It is shown that 2-cell convection occurs as transcritical bifurcation for a viscosity constrast across the shell up to about 150. Motions with four cells are also possible. As expected, the subcritical range is found to increase with increasing viscosity contrast, even when the linear operator is self-adjoint.This research was supported by the AT&T Foundation.     

A digital signal processor for anemometer control

A digital signal processor was used for controlling the temperature of the sensor wire in a constant temperature anemometer. Complex control algorithms ease the process of adjusting the frequency response with a squarewave test. The resulting closed-loop properties are more robust to changes of flow velocity and overheat than conventional anemometers based on a standard high-gain amplifier plus bias voltage. The frequency response over a wide range of flow velocities is better than that of conventional anemometers.The authors would like to thank Dipl.-Ing. Martin Schober for his assistance with the measurements, and the TU Berlin who supported the project financially.     

Linear and nonlinear aeroelastic analysis frameworks for cable-supported bridges

Based on the general framework of the linear thin airfoil theory, aeroelastic analysis of bridges has evolved over the last few decades in both time and frequency domains. As the bridge span increases, aeroelastic forces exerted on the evolving bridge deck cross-sections exhibit a clear departure from the linearized analysis framework that have been the basis of conventional schemes. This trend and observations of nonlinearity in the bridge aeroelasticity in wind-tunnel experiments have prompted the need for the development of a new general analysis framework attentive to both linear and nonlinear wind-bridge interactions. In this paper, the existing conventional linear and nonlinear analysis frameworks are first systematically reviewed with a focus on the study of the relationships among them. After analyzing the shortcomings of these conventional frameworks, two advanced nonlinear models, i.e., artificial neural network- (ANN-) and Volterra series-based models are introduced. The important parameters of conventional and advanced models are investigated in detail to emphasize the physical significance of these models in the simulation of the wind-bridge interactions. Application examples of the linear and nonlinear schemes are also presented highlighting the aeroelastic effects under smooth/turbulent wind conditions.     

Performance of digital image velocimetry processing techniques

Digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV)-processing techniques have become increasingly more sophisticated in recent years. However, much work is still done using standard traditional methods of analysis. This paper investigates several traditionally based techniques for cross-correlation image processing in terms of computational efficiency and measurement accuracy. Direct spatial domain correlation, standard fast Fourier transform (FFT) correlation, a dynamic FFT correlation technique, and a new hybrid correlation method are discussed and evaluated. In addition, a particle-tracking velocimetry scheme based on that of Cowen and Monismith (1997) is examined in the same context as the DPIV methods. A detailed examination of the behaviors of each correlation method reveals that direct spatial domain correlation is more accurate than FFT-based methods, with the standard FFT correlation showing the weakest performance. Using the more robust methods (dynamic FFT and hybrid correlation), accuracy can be improved significantly over the standard FFT method in many cases, while still remaining computationally efficient. The particle-tracking algorithm studied was found to yield comparable accuracy to the DPIV routines and can provide much higher spatial- resolution possibilities. Received: 3 September 1999 / Accepted: 21 June 2001 Published online: 29 November 2001     

General digital picture processing and texture analysis for photoelasticity

In this paper, a general digital picture processing and texture analysis for photoelasticity is developed. Overcoming some defects of references [2] and [3], it presents an effective method to analyse fringe patterns of the photoelasticity. By means of the trigonometric function relationship between the light intensity I and the image fringe order N, the equations of the fringe order N on brightness Z are deduced, and the mechanical parameters are thus obtained. We established a system of sigital picture processing and texture analysis for photoelasticity, which is called OYC-1 system. Finally, this system is checked with an example. It is found that the differences between measured results and the theoretical values are within 2.3 percent.This paper is supported by the science funds of the Academia Sinica.     

Principles of instrumentation and signal processing method of PLDA

It is shown in this paper that in geometrical space two polarization planes of thelinearly polarized light waves scattered by particles in measuring ellipsoid constitute anangle of π/2. while in sequence of time the signals sent out by two symmetricphotodetectors in PLDA ard separated by a phase angle π.This property of PLDAenables the improvement of SNR.The similarity between power spectrum of photoelectrical current of PLDA andprobability density function P_d(u_c)of investigated flow velocity has been provedtheoretically and checked by agreement of obtained results with classical theory andgenerally accepted experiments.     

Linear and nonlinear gravity-capillary water waves with a soluble surfactant

Naturally occurring soluble-surfactant slicks influence the properties of water waves. This paper describes results from wave tank experiments involving a soluble surfactant, and linear and nonlinear gravity- capillary waves. Instantaneous surface deflections were measured using optical techniques to determine the damping, phase speed, and the frequency content of the waves for wavemaker frequencies from 4 to 22 Hz. Measured linear-wave phase speed and damping agree well with existing theory at surfactant concentrations away from that leading to maximum damping. Under conditions leading to nonlinear waves, an as-yet-unexplained subharmonic wave with one-sixth the wavemaker frequency was found only with soluble surfactant present. Received: 3 September 2000/ Accepted: 8 August 2000     

小尺寸数字闭环光纤陀螺信号处理电路

数字闭环光纤陀螺信号处理电路通常由分立的器件构成,其体积较大,限制了光纤陀螺的体积。为了缩小光纤陀螺的体积。设计了一种通用型小尺寸数字闭环光纤陀螺信号处理电路,该电路采用一体化陶瓷外壳,不需要使用基板,通过系统级封装(SIP)的方式,把国产的前级放大器、数模转换器(DAC)、模数转换器(ADC)、后级放大器以及串口收发器的裸芯片封装在外壳里,电路体积仅为14.6mm?14.6mm?2.5 mm,与采用分立的器件相比,光纤陀螺体积缩小了四分之一。电路可以实现光纤陀螺信号的采集以及调制波形的输出,实验结果表明,电路可以实现0.01(°)/h的光纤陀螺精度。     

自适应Kalman和零相移滤波算法在重力信号处理中的对比

为了有效消除海洋重力仪测量信号的噪声,提高重力数据的获取精度,根据随机过程理论,借助基于二阶高斯一马尔可夫异常位模型的重力异常协方差函数,得到海洋重力测量中重力异常信号的状态方程.对sage-husa滤波算法和零相移算法进行了理论分析,为了抑制零相移滤波器的首尾数据畸变,求解了滤波器的初始状态.根据实测重力数据,进行了去噪仿真试验.理论分析和仿真结果表明,sage-husa与零相移滤波算法均能较好地抑制采样重力数据中的噪声干扰,但零相移滤波算法的性能优于sage-husa滤波器.     

LINEAR AND NONLINEAR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF PARTICULATE COMPOSITES AT FINITE CONCENTRATION

An analytical method was proposed dielectric properties for particulate composites. to calculate effective linear and nonlinear The method is based on an approximate solution of two-particle interaction problem, and it can be applied to relatively high volume concentration of particles （up to 50%）. Nonlinear dielectric property was also examined by means of secant method. It is found that for low applied electric filed the proposed method is close to Stroud and Hui＇s method and for high applied electric filed it is close to Yu＇s method.     

基于级联滤波的重力信号处理方法

根据重力信号微弱和非平稳的特点,提出了一种小波滤波器与有限脉冲响应滤波器(FIR)级联的去噪方法.该方法针对噪声特点,在小波强制阈值滤波之后级联一个低阶FIR滤波器以去除色噪声的影响,基于实测重力信号的时域和功率谱处理结果,说明级联滤波能够在含有强噪声的原始信号中提取出微弱的重力信号.该方法既可以抑制小波滤波起始和结束阶段的波形畸变,又省去了FIR滤波需要调整参数的繁琐,具有工程实用性.