火炬松挥发物的固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱法分析

采用固相微萃取(SPME)技术,结合气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)分析了火炬松枝条和针叶中的挥发性化合物,共鉴定了30种化学成分。其中枝条中分离鉴定出21种挥发性成分。主要成分为α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-月蒎烯、反式-石竹烯、β-杜松烯、大根叶烯-D;针叶中分离鉴定出24种挥发性成分,主要成分为α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、β-水芹烯、异长叶烯、反式-石竹烯、α-律草烯、大根叶烯-D、双环吉马烯和双环榄香烯。     

α-蒎烯/β-蒎烯共聚物合成与表征

α-蒎烯/β-蒎烯共聚物合成与表征;松节油;α-蒎烯;萜烯树脂;阳离子聚合     

新型驱蚊产品中35种挥发性致敏芳香剂的筛查方法及挥发规律研究

基于顶空/气相色谱-串联质谱（HS/GC-MS/MS）建立了驱蚊贴、驱蚊扣、驱蚊手环等新型驱蚊产品中35种挥发性致敏芳香剂的分析方法。35种物质经中等极性色谱柱Agilent DB-17MS分离,采用电子轰击源（EI源）通过多反应监测（MRM）模式进行检测。考察了37个新型驱蚊样品在顶空温度分别为40℃和100℃时的筛查结果,40℃顶空条件下筛查出α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和D-柠檬烯等14种致敏芳香剂,此外,100℃时还检出香叶醇、香芹酮等其它12种致敏芳香剂。以儿童用驱蚊贴和驱蚊扣为例,比较了不同顶空温度对各目标化合物响应强度的影响,结果表明,40℃时α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和D-柠檬烯等8种致敏芳香剂的响应强度小于100℃时。对37个样品在40℃平衡温度下的半定量分析表明,α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、D-柠檬烯等9种致敏芳香剂的检出率最高,其中α-蒎烯和D-柠檬烯的最高响应强度大于106。选择驱蚊贴和驱蚊扣进一步考察了α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、D-柠檬烯、薄荷醇和樟脑5种致敏芳香剂在40℃下放置不同时间的挥发规律,发现α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和D-柠檬烯放置12 h的响应强度为初始的20%～21%,薄荷醇和樟脑放...     

利用ESR技术研究α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯光敏氧化反应机理

本文主要利用电子顺磁共振(ESR)自旋捕获技术研究9,10 二氰基蒽(DCA)敏化α-蒎烯(αP),β-蒎烯(βP)光氧化反应.提供了在乙腈中α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯的光氧化反应过程中存在超氧负离子基(O₂^-)和单重态氧(¹O₂)的直接证据;在四氯化碳溶剂中只捕获到¹O₂;在正己烷中没有捕获到O₂^-或¹O₂.ESR实验结果进一步证明在乙腈中光敏氧化反应的¹O₂可能来自O₂^-和反应底物α、β-蒎烯正离子自由基之间的电荷复合(CR).     

松节油及α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯的臭氧化反应

松节油的主要成分是 α-蒎烯和 β-蒎烯 ,经臭氧化反应后分别生成蒎酮醛和诺蒎酮的前提化合物 [1] ,它们是合成珍贵香料鸢尾酮和 4-异丙基环己酮衍生物等香料的中间体 .α-蒎烯和 β-蒎烯在气相中的臭氧化反应动力学 [2 ]和 β-蒎烯的液相臭氧化反应 [3]已有研究 ,但 α-蒎烯和 β-蒎烯混合物以及松节油在溶液中的臭氧化反应选择性未受到关注 ,影响了松节油的直接臭氧化深加工利用 .采用松节油直接臭氧化是降低由 α-蒎烯合成鸢尾酮成本的重要途径 .本文通过 α-蒎烯和 β-蒎烯二元混合物及松节油在乙醇中的臭氧化反应的实时反应物浓度分析 …     

活性正离子聚合与原子转移自由基聚合转换合成聚β-蒎烯接枝共聚物

通过活性正离子聚合与原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)转换合成了β-蒎烯与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、苯乙烯(St)的新型接枝共聚物.首先以α-氯代乙苯/TiCl4/Ti(OiPr)4/nBu4NCl体系引发β-蒎烯活性正离子聚合,合成预定分子量大小和窄分子量分布的聚β-蒎烯,然后经N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)定量溴化,得到溴化聚β-蒎烯大分子引发剂(Br/β-蒎烯链节摩尔比为0.5).然后将该大分子引发剂与溴化亚铜(CuBr)/2,2′-联吡啶(bpy)复合,引发MMA、BA、St进行ATRP接枝聚合.接枝反应显示一级动力学特征,且产物的分子量及分子量分布可控,表明上述ATRP接枝聚合反应具有可控聚合特征.接枝产物的结构经1H-NMR分析得到进一步证实.     

α—蒎烯异构成β—蒎烯的一个简便方法

β-蒎烯是一个重要的有机合成原料,但我国松节油中的β-蒎烯含量甚少,主要为α-蒎烯·将α-蒎烯异构化成为β-衍生物已有许多报道。本文将三乙基硼氨合物或三乙基苄基铵合硼烷使之与α-蒎烯反应成二(3-蒎烷基)硼烷,再经热异构重排成二(10-蒎烷基)硼烷,最后与双戊烯进行置换反应,顺利地制得了β-蒎烯。与Brown的方法相比,本法简便、安全,并且用我国合成樟脑生产中的副产物双戊烯代替了十二烯-(1)。     

Pd／C催化松节油异构反应过程分析

松节油是经松脂蒸馏分离出的中性油,其主要组分是α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯(C10H16)双环单萜烯[1].蒎烯可以开环异构为柠烯、莰烯单环萜烯.     

固载化AlCl_3催化剂上α-蒎烯异构化反应

分别以SiO2和γ-Al2O3为载体采用两步气相法制备了固载化AlCl3催化剂,并首次将其用于α-蒎烯液相异构化反应.结果表明,该催化剂对α-蒎烯异构化反应具有非常高的催化活性,其中AlCl3/SiO2催化剂在40oC反应时α-蒎烯转化率和主产物(莰烯、柠檬烯和异松油烯)选择性分别为98.4%和93.7%;AlCl3/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性更高,在30oC反应时,即可获得95.5%的α-蒎烯转化率和94.4%的主产物选择性.固载化AlCl3催化剂的高活性与其强酸性有关.     

纳米复合s2o2-8/sno2tio2催化α蒎烯异构反应

固体超强酸;s2o2-8/sno2tio2;纳米粒子;α-蒎烯;催化异构     

Simultaneous determination of phenolic acids and flavonoids in rice using solid-phase extraction and RP-HPLC with photodiode array detection

An analytical method based on an optimized solid-phase extraction procedure and followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation with diode array detection was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of phenolic acids (gallic, protocatechuic, 4-hydroxy-benzoic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, and cinnamic acids), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), flavonols (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, hyperoside, and rutin), flavones (luteolin and apigenin) and flavanones (naringenin and hesperidin) in rice flour (Oryza sativa L.). Chromatographic separation was carried out on a PerfectSil Target ODS-3 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column at temperature 25°C using a mobile phase, consisting of 0.5% (v/v) acetic acid in water, methanol, and acetonitrile at a flow rate 1 mL min(-1) , under gradient elution conditions. Application of optimum extraction conditions, elaborated on both Lichrolut C(18) and Oasis HLB cartridges, have led to extraction of phenolic acids and flavonoids from rice flour with mean recoveries 84.3-113.0%. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, and sensitivity. Repeatability (n = 5) and inter-day precision (n = 4) revealed relative standard deviation (RSD) <13%. The optimized method was successfully applied to the analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids in pigmented (red and black rice) and non-pigmented rice (brown rice) samples.     

TPD study of NH3 adsorption/desorption on the surface of V/Ti, V/Al based catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of Nox by ammonia 2. TPD test of commercial V/W/Ti, V/Al, Pd/V/Al catalysts

The effect of temperature on the adsorption/desorption of ammonia from the air mixture on the surface of commercial binary V/Al and ternary Pd/V/Al, V(0.65 wt.%) /W(6.73 wt.%) /Ti and V(1.8 wt.%) /W(7.3 wt.%) /Ti de-NO_x catalysts has been investigated by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) method. The ability of the commercial catalysts to adsorb ammonia in the most stable surface species was shown to correlate well with their suppression of the NH₃ oxidation.     

Changes in the proteome of extracellular vesicles shed by rat liver after subtoxic exposure to acetaminophen

To identify changes in extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by the liver following drug-induced liver injury (DILI), rats were treated with a subtoxic dose (500 mg/kg) of the analgesic drug, acetaminophen (APAP). EVs were collected by liver perfusion of sham and APAP-treated rats. Changes in EVs morphology were examined by transmission electron microscopic analysis of negatively stained vesicles. Results from morphometric analysis of EVs revealed striking differences in their size and distribution. Proteome composition of EVs collected by liver perfusion was determined by mass spectrometry using methods of sample preparation that enabled better detection of both highly hydrophobic proteins and proteins with complex post-translational modifications. The collection of EVs after liver perfusion is an approach that enables the isolation of EVs shed not only by isolated hepatocytes, but also by the entire complement of hepatic cells. EVs derived after DILI had a lower content of alpha-1-macroglobulin, ferritin, and members of cytochrome 450 family. Fibronectin, aminopeptidase N, metalloreductase STEAP4, integrin beta, and members of the annexin family were detected only in APAP-treated samples of EVs. These results show that the present approach can provide valuable insights into the response of the liver following drug-induced liver injury.     

乙酸镍吡啶配合物催化的分子氧氧化反应研究

Ni(OAc)2结合吡啶和叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)实现了苄基C-H与苄基醇类化合物在温和条件下(80～90℃,O21 atm)的选择性催化分子氧氧化反应.研究了过氧化物添加剂,配体,溶剂和温度的影响,得到了优化的反应条件.在苄基C-H的氧化中显示了很高的酮/醇选择性.用ESR法进行了Ni(III)的检测,证实了反应机理.竞争实验说明羰基化合物的生成不是因为醇继续氧化.酮可被解释为过氧化氢中间体受金属催化分解的产物.     

乳腺癌代谢物组模式特征发现方法及HPLC/M S/M S分析

提出一种基于单独最优特征组合和BP神经网络的代谢物组模式特征发现方法,并用其寻找到尿样中与乳腺癌最为相关的4种核苷,组成一组特异性检测参数.经HPLC/MS/MS联用法鉴定,它们是乳清酸核苷、1-甲酰化腺苷、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸及N²-甲酰化鸟苷.将这4种核苷作为输入变量,用BP神经分类网络建立乳腺癌诊断模型.留一法交叉验证和独立验证结果表明,该模型预测准确率达到90%以上.     

Elucidation of the absolute configuration of rhizopine by chiral supercritical fluid chromatography and vibrational circular dichroism

The absolute configuration of rhizopine, an opine‐like natural product present in nitrogen‐fixing nodules of alfalfa infected by rhizobia, is elucidated using a combination of state‐of‐the‐art analytical and semi‐preparative supercritical fluid chromatography and vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy. A synthetic peracetylated racemate was fractionated into its enantiomers and subjected to absolute configuration analysis revealing that natural rhizopine exists as a single enantiomer. The stereochemistry of non‐derivatized natural rhizopine corresponds to (1R,2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)‐4‐amino‐6‐methoxycyclohexane‐1,2,3,5‐tetraol.     

Paternal genetic structure of Kyrgyz ethnic group in China revealed by high-resolution Y-chromosome STRs and SNPs

Kyrgyz ethnic group is one of the nomads in China, with the majority in Xinjiang and a small part of them living in Heilongjiang province. Historically, they have went through five migrations westward due to the wars. The name “Kyrgyz” means 40 tribes, originating from the primary groups of Kyrgyz. However, it is a largely understudied population, especially from the Y chromosome. In this study, we used a previously validated high-resolution Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) and short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) system to study Kyrgyz ethnic group. A total of 314 male samples of Kyrgyz ethnic group were genotyped by 173 Y-SNPs and 27 Y-STRs. After data analysis, the results unveiled that Kyrgyz ethnic group was a population with high percentage of both haplogroup C2a1a3a1d∼-F10091 (91/134) and R1a1a1b2a2-Z2124 (109/134), which has never been reported. This implied that Kyrgyz ethnic group might have gone through bottleneck effects twice, with these two main lineages left. Mismatch analysis indicated that the biggest mismatch number in haplogroup C2a1a3a1d∼-F10091 was 10, while that of haplogroup R1a1a1b2a2-Z2124 was 20. This huge difference reflected the different substructure in two lineages, suggesting that haplogroup C2a1a3a1d∼-F10091 might have the least admixture compared to the other two lineages. After admixture modelling with other datasets, the conclusion could be drawn that Kyrgyz ethnic group had great genetic affinity with Punjabi from Lahore, Pakistan, which supported that Kyrgyz ethnic group in China was close to central Asian.     

Analysis of alendronate in human urine and plasma by magnetic solid-phase extraction and capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection

A simple, rapid and sensitive CE-fluorescence (FL) detection method for the analysis of alendronate (ALEN), a bisphosphonate drug, has been developed. Using a buffer solution of 20 mM sodium phosphate (pH 10.0) and a voltage of 24 kV, separation of ALEN in a 55-cm length (35-cm effective length) capillary was achieved in 5 min. FL detection of ALEN was performed via pre-column derivatization with 2,3-naphthalene dicarbox-yaldehyde (NDA). Linear correlation (r=0.9981, n=6) between FL intensity and analyte concentration was obtained in the range of 7-200 ng/mL ALEN. The developed CE-FL method was applied to the analysis of ALEN in human urine and plasma samples. In order to eliminate the interfering matrix components, SPE using magnetic Fe(3) O(4) @Al(2) O(3) nanoparticles as solid sorbents was employed to clean the biological fluids before CE-FL analysis. The linear ranges of ALEN in urine and plasma were 5-100 ng/mL (r = 0.9982, n = 7) and 5-70 ng/mL (r = 0.9954, n = 7), respectively. The LOD and LOQ in both urine and plasma samples were 1.5 and 5 ng/mL ALEN, respectively. Total analysis time including sample pre-treatment and CE separation was less than 1.5 h.     

Simultaneous liquid-liquid extraction of dibenzyl disulfide, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and 1,2,3-benzotriazole from power transformer oil prior to GC and HPLC determination

2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (DBPC), dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS), and 1,2,3-benzotriazole (BTA) are additives that may be found concomitantly in the oil matrix of power transformer. DBPC and DBDS act as antioxidants while, BTA is a corrosion inhibitor that protects copper conductors inside the transformer unit from corrosion. A powerful analytical method is, therefore, required to determine these additives at trace levels in the transformer oil. This work describes a unique single liquid-liquid extraction pretreatment step prior to the determination of the components by gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. The optimum volume ratio used in the pretreatment step was determined as 5:2:5 for mineral oil/n-hexane/acetonitrile, respectively. Relatively, the method is simple and quick with a minimal use of solvents. Analytical results indicate that the method is relatively sensitive, accurate, and precise for each of the three components in fresh and used mineral oil. The calibration curves for the three components demonstrate a significant increase in sensitivities. Detection limits found were, 100 mg L(-1) (0.01% w/v), 0.80 mg L(-1) , and 2.04 mg L(-1) for DBPC, DBDS, and BTA, respectively. The Student's t values determined at 95% confidence level indicate that there is no significant difference between the experimental means obtained by this method and the standard method for each component.