污泥与煤和煤矸石共燃特性研究

利用STA 409 PC型同步热分析仪,对煤、煤矸石和污泥不同质量比样品的燃烧过程进行了热重分析。结果表明,单一煤和煤矸石的DTG曲线都只有一个明显的失重峰,污泥的DTG曲线有两个明显的失重峰,而混合物的DTG曲线都有两个失重峰。通过分析不同样品的混燃过程,发现随着煤所占质量比的增加,最大失重峰速率所对应的温度都有所降低。煤、煤矸石、污泥及其混合物的活化能为16.93kJ/mol～109.89kJ/mol。随着污泥所占质量比的增加,混合物的着火温度有所降低,当达到70%时,污泥与煤混合物的着火点接近单一污泥的着火点。     

石油焦与煤混合燃料热重分析研究

石油焦与煤混合燃烧是高效处理石油焦的有效方法，作者对选用的石油焦和煤不同配比的混合燃料进行了热重分析研究。使用常压高温热天平研究、分析了各配比混合燃料的热解特性和燃烧特性。并根据化学动力学方法计算了各过程的化学动力学参数，即活化能E和频率因子A0。结果表明，各混合燃料热解起始温度大致相同，随煤焦比减小，挥发分析出速率变缓，最大释放速度所对应的温度升高，最终失重率减小，挥发分释放特性指数减小；随煤焦比增大，混合燃料着火温度和燃尽温度逐渐降低，最大燃烧速率所对应的温度降低，燃烧特性指数增大；随煤焦比减小，活化能和频率因子增大。     

钾对秸秆混煤燃烧特性影响的研究

选用经酸洗法脱灰的煤和秸秆制得实验样品。采用TG/DTG/DTA技术研究了不同秸秆含量下碱金属钾对秸秆与煤混合燃烧特性的影响。研究结果表明,KOH促进脱灰煤和脱灰混合样品的着火燃烧,使其最大燃烧速率温度及燃尽温度降低,但提高了脱灰秸秆的着火温度。秸秆混煤燃烧反应符合一级反应模型,KOH的添加对混煤燃烧具有催化作用,使混合燃烧反应活化能降低10kJ/mol。     

油页岩与煤的混烧特性研究

使用STA409型热综合分析仪进行了桦甸油页岩与高硫合山煤的混烧特性实验研究，得到了油页岩和高硫煤混烧的TG和DTG曲线，分析了不同Ca/S对油页岩和高硫煤混烧特性的影响规律，同时运用Freeman-Carroll法计算得到了不同Ca/S下的油页岩燃烧特性化学反应动力学参数。研究表明，在高硫煤中加入少量的油页岩，高硫煤的燃烧特性有所改善，燃烧特性趋好；油页岩的加入使得高硫煤低温段的燃烧产物初析温度降低，着火温度提前；在高硫煤中加入20%左右的油页岩作为可燃脱硫剂从燃烧角度讲是切实可行的。     

Study on combustion characteristics of bio-oil/ethanol blends

在空气气氛下采用热失重技术研究生物油及其与乙醇混合燃料的燃烧性能,利用Achar微分法和Coats-Redfern积分法结合的方式进行动力学分析,并对热解焦炭的物化特性进行了测量.结果表明,生物油及其与乙醇混合燃料的燃烧可分为三个阶段,即轻组分挥发、重组分裂解和焦炭燃烧；随着升温速率的升高,生物油的挥发性能和燃烧性能提高；随着乙醇质量分数的增加,挥发段和焦炭燃烧段的活化能都呈先减小后增大的趋势；混合燃料中乙醇质量分数不宜超过26％,否则其燃烧段的活化能增大,且热解焦炭所含有机官能团强度变弱,燃烧性能反而变差.     

QDTA/T/EGD/GC在线联同技术 Ⅵ.煤的热氧化、燃烧反应过程及其机理的研究

应用QDTA/T/EGD/GC在线联同技术及其装置,测定了四种不同变质程度的煤质之DTA/EGD/GC燃烧特性曲线,从中可提供如下三方面的信息和数据:(1)依据DTA测得的燃烧特性曲线,可取得在氧化、燃烧全过程中各项热特性的表征温度。(2)依据跟踪DTA逸出气成份的浓度变化所测得的EGD曲线,可了解不同煤质在热解、着火和燃烧特性等方面的差异。(3)依据DTA/EGD曲线的演变,可截取各个反应温度下之逸出气,进行在线的GC分析。在上述实验结果的基础上,应用过氧化物学说探讨煤的低温氧化反应机理。     

生物质混煤燃烧过程中钾的迁移转化规律

通过将稻秆和褐煤混燃，研究了燃烧温度以及生物质掺混比例对于混燃过程中K的释放、灰样中K的赋存形式以及矿物质变化的影响。研究表明，燃烧温度对于混合燃料中K的释放影响显著。在600-750℃时，随着温度升高，水溶性K和醋酸铵溶性K大量释放到气相，使得K的释放速率较快；而当温度在750-850℃时，水溶性K和醋酸铵溶性K开始大量地转化为其他形式的K而被固定在灰样中，使得K的释放速率变得缓慢；当温度高于850℃时，随着温度升高，盐酸溶性K的分解导致K释放速率重新增大。通过XRD分析发现，灰样中水溶性K主要以KCl的形式存在，K₂SO₄的生成同时受到原料中K的含量和S/Cl比值两个因素的共同影响，原料中K的含量越高，且S/Cl比值越大，越会促进K₂SO₄的生成。同时也发现生物质和煤混燃时存在协同作用，煤中Al、Si等元素会和生物质中的K反应生成碱性硅铝酸盐，从而导致更多K留在灰烬中。     

水热污泥与煤在混燃过程中的协同效应特性研究

以城市污泥衍生的水热污泥(SS-derived hydrochar)为对象,结合傅里叶红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)等对比研究了水热污泥与三种不同品阶煤(褐煤、烟煤和无烟煤)在有机/无机结构与燃料特性上的异同;同时,通过热重(TG)与偏差分析(Deviation)考察水热污泥与各阶煤在不同混合比例条件下的协同燃烧行为及其作用机制。结果表明,污泥经过水热处理后其有机结构和燃烧行为均提升至与煤相似的水平,该过程不仅改善污泥的燃烧特性,并增强其与煤之间的协同燃烧效应。水热污泥中适量的轻质组分与(碱)碱土金属能在混合燃烧过程中加速煤的失重速率,其对三种煤的促进作用可达4.4%-16.1%(褐煤)、1.9%-9.4%(烟煤)和4.8%-12.1%(无烟煤)。总体而言,水热污泥与褐煤混合而成的燃料在燃料性能上具有较大的优势,并且其混合比例以30%(水热污泥):70%(褐煤)与50%(水热污泥):50%(褐煤)为宜。     

松木屑与褐煤共气化的TG-FTIR实验研究

利用TG-FTIR对松木屑、褐煤及其混合物的共气化过程及气化产物进行了分析，研究了掺混比例、升温速率以及反应气氛对共气化过程的影响。结果表明，松木屑加入后提高了试样的反应活性，随松木屑比例增加，气化失重速率逐渐降低，CO的开始析出温度及析出峰面积A_CO呈降低趋势；较低的升温速率有利于CO和CH₄的析出，随着升温速率的增加，DTG曲线向高温侧移动，最大失重速率显著增加，褐煤热解对应的峰逐渐消失；CO₂气氛对挥发分析出阶段的失重行为影响不明显；空气气氛时挥发分析出阶段的两个失重峰分别对应挥发分的燃烧和固定碳燃烧，该气氛下没有明显的焦炭气化阶段。     

镜煤抽提物热解特性的实验研究

采用热重分析仪和热解/红外联用仪（Py-FTIR）考察了镜煤四氢呋喃抽提物的热解过程。热重的研究结果表明：抽提物的热解失重行为与镜煤的热解失重行为有很大不同，前者有两个明显的DTG峰，190 ℃左右时出现一个DTG峰，在439 ℃出现第二个DTG峰，与镜煤相比，抽提物的失重速率显著高于镜煤，且最大失重峰向低温区移动。抽提物的热解产物中脂肪烃的释放量多于镜煤，而且脂肪烃类产物释放的温度区间小，说明脂肪烃的释放更集中和快速，但是甲烷的生成量明显少于镜煤；抽提物热解产物中有少量的CO2生成，几乎没有产生CO。     

煤液化残渣与褐煤混煤燃烧特性的实验研究

煤液化是提高煤炭资源利用率、减轻燃煤污染的有效途径[1].在煤液化工艺过程中,煤液化残渣的主体是由液化原料煤中未转化的煤有机体、无机矿物质以及外加的液化催化剂组成,是一种高炭、高灰和高硫的物质,在某些工艺中会占到液化原煤总量的30%左右,如此多的残渣量对液化过程的热效率和经济性所产生的影响是不可低估的[2].     

Thermochemical and Toxic Element Behavior during Co-Combustion of Coal and Municipal Sludge

The thermochemical and kinetic behavior of co-combustion of coal, municipal sludge (MS) and their blends at different ratios were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Simulation experiments were performed in a vacuum tube furnace to determine the conversion behavior of toxic elements. The results show that the combustion processes of the blends of coal and municipal sludge are divided into three stages and the combustion curves of the blends are located between those of individual coal and municipal sludge samples. The DTG_max of the sample with 10% sludge addition reaches a maximum at the heating rate of 20 °C/min, indicating that the combustion characteristics of coal can be improved during co-combustion. Strong interactions were observed between coal and municipal sludge during the co-combustion. The volatilization rates of toxic elements decrease with an increasing proportion of sludge in the blends during co-combustion, which indicates that the co-combustion of coal and sludge can effectively reduce the volatilization rate of toxic elements. The study reflects the potential of municipal sludge as a blended fuel and the environmental effects of co-combustion of coal and municipal sludge.     

Thermal characteristics of the combustion process of biomass and sewage sludge

The combustion of two kinds of biomass and sewage sludge was studied. The biomass fuels were wood biomass (pellets) and agriculture biomass (oat). The sewage sludge came from waste water treatment plant. The biomass and sludge percentage in blends with coal were 10 %. The studied materials were characterised in terms of their proximate and ultimate analysis and calorific value. The composition of the ash of the studied fuels was also carried out. The behaviour of studied fuels was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG, DTG and DTA). The samples were heated from an ambient temperature up to 1,000 °C at a constant three rates: 10, 40 and 100 °C min^?1 in 40 mL min^?1 air flow. TG, DTG and DTA analysis showed differences between coal, biomass fuels and sewage sludge. 10 % addition of studied fuels to the mixture with coal changed its combustion profile in the case of sewage sludge addition. The combustion characteristics of fuel mixtures showed, respectively, qualitative summarise behaviour based on single fuels. Evolved gaseous products from the decomposition of studied samples were identified. This study showed that thermogravimetric analysis connected with mass spectrometry is useful techniques to investigate the combustion and co-combustion of biomass fuels, and sewage sludge, together with coal. Non-isothermal kinetic analysis was used to evaluate the Arrhenius activation energy and the pre-exponential factor. The kinetic parameters were calculated using Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose model.     

氧气浓度对劣质煤掺混生活污泥燃烧特性的影响

采用热重分析方法研究了劣质煤掺混生活污泥在氧气浓度20％、30％、50％、70％、90％条件下的燃烧特性和动力学特性.随着氧气浓度的增加,失重率曲线DTG向低温区移动.对着火温度、失重率峰值以及对应温度、燃尽温度、混合物燃烧综合特性指数进行了对比分析,并对固定碳燃烧阶段的表观活化能进行了计算,结果表明,提高氧气浓度能显著改善燃烧条件,表观活化能随着氧气浓度的提高而增大,随掺混比的增加而减小.定义燃烧促进因子C.E.F.(Combustion Enhancement Factor)表征燃料内外部燃烧促进条件,在固定碳燃烧段,燃烧促进因子随氧气浓度增加迅速增大,表明增大氧气浓度对燃烧具有良好促进作用.燃烧促进因子C.E.F.与表观活化能之间具有动力学补偿效应.     

增压O_2/CO_2气氛下煤燃烧特性实验研究

增压O2/CO2燃烧是一种可高效分离回收CO2的新兴燃烧技术,其燃烧机理与常压空气、常压O2/CO2燃烧存在较大差异。在加压热重分析仪上研究了增压条件下总压、氧浓度、气氛及粒径等反应参数对美国烟煤和淮北无烟煤燃烧特性的影响,确定了煤的着火温度,并对其进行燃烧动力学分析。结果表明,增压O2/CO2气氛下,随着压力或氧浓度的增加,DTG曲线向低温区移动,煤样整体燃烧速率加快。压力提升、氧浓度增加及煤粉细化均可改善O2/CO2气氛下煤样的着火特性。常压O2/CO2气氛下煤粉燃烧基本属于一级反应;增压O2/CO2气氛下,低温区属于0.5级反应,而高温区属于1.5级反应。     

城市污水污泥燃烧特性和动力学特性分析

采用热重分析仪对城市污水污泥进行热重实验,通过TG(热重)、DTG(微分热重)和DSC(差示扫描量热)曲线的分析对比,获得污水污泥热解和燃烧不同阶段的特性。低于250℃,燃烧与热解的热重曲线基本吻合,说明在此之前,失重速率主要受控于有机物的分解以及析出,燃烧过程对失重影响不明显。燃烧DTG曲线呈现“W”峰型,第一个失重速率峰与热解DTG曲线基本对应,高于410℃,燃烧DTG曲线出现显著的加速。采用Coats-Redfern 积分法,假设不同的反应模型进行拟合,推断出污泥燃烧过程中两个DTG峰体现出不同的反应机理。借鉴煤燃烧机理分析认为,污泥燃烧反应初期挥发分的燃烧受控于化学反应速率,随着温度的不断提高,剩余挥发分的燃尽和固定碳的燃烧总反应速率逐渐受扩散因素控制。基于分析所得污泥燃烧机理,采用四个独立的平行反应模型模拟污泥的燃烧过程,拟合曲线与实验数据吻合良好。     

Thermogravimetric analysis of the co-combustion of the blends with high ash coal and waste tyres

Incineration methods are becoming increasingly important from the view point of the need to minimize the environmental impact of waste tyre disposal. Combustion of waste tyre, one high ash coal and tyre-coal blends with 10, 30 and 50% waste tyre were investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) carried out at 20 K min⁻¹ in the temperature range from ambient temperature to 1273 K. And effects of the mixed proportion between coal and waste tyre on the combustion process, ignition and burnout characteristics were also studied. The results indicate that the combustion of waste tyre is controlled by the emission of volatile matter, the regions are more complex for waste tyre (three or more peaks) than for coal (one peak). Also as compared with the case of burning only high ash coal, the incorporation of waste tyre can improve the combustion characteristics of high ash coal, especially the ignition performance and the peak weight loss compared with the separate burning of waste tyre and coal. Moreover, comparisons of the TG-DTG profiles between experimental and calculational results, it is indicate that there is a comparatively important difference, the co-combustion characteristics is the coupling effect between waste tyre and coal. The data resulting also showed that the co-combustion of waste tyre and low quanlitied coal as fuel is feasible.     

Thermogravimetric investigation on combustion characteristics of oil shale and high sulphur coal mixture

Co-combustion experiments of mixture of Huadian oil shale and Heshan coal with high sulphur content have been conducted using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The effects of five different Ca/S mol ratios on the combustion characteristics of mixture fuel are analyzed using TG and DTG curves. The results show that the initial temperature of combustion of mixture fuel is decreased with an increase in the oil shale content of mixture fuel. The combustion characteristic of mixture fuel is superior to that of Heshan coal. Adding about 20 mass% Huadian oil shale into Heshan coal is feasible for desulfurization of mixture fuel during combustion.