Ba1-x(Na0.5Bi0.5)xZr0.1Ti0.9O3陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用固相法制备Ba1-x(Na0.5Bi0.5)xZr01Ti0.O3(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2)陶瓷,并研究Bi、Na共同掺杂对BaZr01Ti0.9O3陶瓷结构、相组成、介电和铁电性能的影响.研究表明,Bi、Na共掺杂可以降低BaZr01Ti0.9O3陶瓷的烧结温度,并且在现有的掺杂水平下,所得陶瓷均为单一钙钛矿结构.陶瓷的相对介电常数在x=0.05时,由未掺杂的800增至最大值1700左右.陶瓷的介电损耗随Bi、Na掺杂量的增加,呈增加趋势.铁电性研究表明,随Bi、Na掺杂量的增加,存在漏电流增大的趋势,使得铁电性恶化,当含量超过0.1后呈现非铁电性.由以上可知,掺杂少量的Bi、Na,可以在一定程度上提高BaZr0.1Ti0.9O3陶瓷的介电性.     

(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-(Na1/2Bi1/2)(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3无铅压电陶瓷的介电特性研究

采用固相合成法制备了(1-x)(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-x(Na1/2Bi1/2)(Zn/23Nb2/3)O3(简写为(1-x)NBT-xNBZN)无铅压电陶瓷.研究了该体系陶瓷晶体结构、弥散相变特征与介电弛豫行为.X射线衍射分析表明,所研究的组成均能够形成纯钙钛矿(ABO3)型固溶体.当x≥0.5%摩尔分数时,该体系陶瓷具有三方、四方共存的晶体结构.材料的介电常数-温度曲线显示陶瓷具有两个介电反常峰Tf和Tm.修正的居里-外斯公式较好的描述了陶瓷弥散相变特征,弥散指数随x的增加而增加.x≤0.5%摩尔分数的陶瓷仅在低温介电反常峰Tf附近表现出明显的频率依赖性,随x的增加,陶瓷材料在室温和低温介电反常峰Tf之间都表现出明显的频率依赖性.根据有序-无序转变和宏畴.微畴转变理论探讨了该体系陶瓷介电弛豫特性的机理.     

Upconversion and concentration quenching in Er3+-doped TeO2–Na2O binary glasses

The spectroscopic properties of Er³⁺-doped alkali tellurite TeO₂–Na₂O glasses are investigated. Infrared-to-visible upconversion emission bands are observed at 410, 525, 550 and 658 nm using 797 nm excitation wavelength. These bands are assigned to the ²H_9/2 → ⁴I_15/2, ²H_11/2 → ⁴I_15/2, ⁴S_3/2 → ⁴I_15/2 and ⁴F_9/2 → ⁴I_15/2 transition, respectively. The power dependence study reveals that the ²H_9/2 → ⁴I_15/2 transition involves a three-step process while the other upconversion transitions involve only two steps. An excitation with 532 nm wavelength, two upconversion bands are observed in the UV region at 380 and 404 nm in addition to bands in the visible region at 410, 475, 525, 550, 658 and 843 nm. These bands are ascribed to ⁴G_11/2 → ⁴I_15/2, ²P_3/2 → ⁴I_13/2, ²H_9/2 → ⁴I_15/2, ²P_3/2 → ⁴I_11/2, ²H_11/2 → ⁴I_15/2, ⁴S_3/2 → ⁴I_15/2, ⁴F_9/2 → ⁴I_15/2 and ⁴S_3/2 → ⁴I_13/2 transition, respectively. Increasing Er³⁺ concentration leads to a rapid growth in the intensity of red emission relative to that for the green emission. An explanation for this observation has been suggested. The temperature dependence profile for the two thermally coupled levels (²H_11/2, ⁴S_3/2) shows that they can be used for measuring the temperature.     

Spin‐Hamiltonian parameters for Dy3+ ion at the trigonal 12‐fold coordinated La3+ site of La2Mg3(NO3)12·24H2O

The spin‐Hamiltonian parameters (g factors g_‖, g_⊥ and hyperfine structure constants ¹⁶¹A_‖, ¹⁶¹A_⊥, ¹⁶³A_‖, ¹⁶³A_⊥) for ¹⁶¹Dy³⁺ and ¹⁶¹Dy³⁺ isotopes in the trigonal 12‐fold coordinated La³⁺ site of La₂Mg₃(NO₃)₁₂·24H₂O crystal are calculated from a diagonalization (of energy matrix) method. In the method, the Zeeman and hyperfine interaction terms are added to the conventional Hamiltonian used in the studies of crystal‐field energy levels, and a 66×66 energy matrix concerning the ground multiplet ⁶H_15/2 and the first to fifth excited multiplets ⁶H_13/2, ⁶H_11/2, ⁶H_9/2, ⁶H_7/2 and ⁶H_5/2 are applied. The calculated results are discussed. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

近紫外激发Ca2 NaMg2 V3 O12:Sm3+荧光粉的制备及发光性能

近紫外激发单一基质白光发射荧光粉是当前LED用荧光转换材料的研究热点.采用高温固相反应制备了Ca2 NaMg2 V3 O12:Sm3+荧光粉,并利用X射线粉末衍射仪和荧光光谱仪等测试手段,对其物质结构和荧光性能进行了表征.探讨了(VO4)3-基团的发光机理,及其与Sm3+离子之间的能量传递机制.结果表明:Ca2 NaMg2 V3 O12:Sm3+荧光粉属于立方相晶体结构.在340 nm紫外线激发下,样品发射蓝绿光,发射最强峰位于500 nm,发射光谱覆盖整个可见光区.Sm3+离子的最佳掺杂浓度为0.03,同时(VO4)3-基团与Sm3+离子之间的能量传递主要是通过电四偶极-电四偶极相互作用来实现的.     

宽带发射Ca2KMg2V3O12:Eu3+荧光粉的制备及其发光性能研究

本文通过高温固相法合成了新型的宽带发射Ca2KMg2V3O12:Eu3+荧光粉,并利用X射线粉末衍射仪,荧光光谱仪等表征手段对荧光粉的晶体结构及其发光性能进行了分析;探讨了Ca2KMg2V3O12荧光粉的自激活发光机理和Eu3+掺杂浓度对发光性能的影响.结果表明:所制备的样品为立方晶系Ca2KMg2V3O12晶体.在紫外光的激发下,Ca2KMg2V3O12:Eu3+既表现出[VO4]基团的宽带发射,又表现出Eu3+的特征发射,同时两者之间存在能量传递.Ca2KMg2V3O12:Eu3+荧光粉是一种良好的自激活发光材料,在紫外光激发的白光LED上具有潜在的应用前景.     

(K,Na)3La2(BO3)3固溶体系的晶体结构

本文合成了一系列的(K,Na)3La2(BO3)3硼酸盐,通过自发结晶得到了组分为K1.34,Na1.66La2(BO3)3的单晶.单晶X射线结构分析表明该晶体与Na3La2(BO3)3同构,并且当K+取代Na+的数量小于2/3时,晶体结构仍为Na3La2(BO3)3构型.该晶体的基本结构单元为孤立的(BO3)3-基团.一个单胞中含有6个BO3基团,其中两个沿c方向一致平行排列,而剩余的4个BO3基团的排列方向与c方向呈一定的角度,从而减小了BO3基团对非线性效应的贡献.粉末倍频测试该晶体的有效非线性系数约为KDP的2.4倍.此外,研究表明用适量的Rb+,Li+取代Na+时,固溶晶体结构也不发生改变.     

Ce3+∶GdLu2Al5O12/Al2O3共晶微结构及其发光性能

稀土共晶闪烁体是通过定向凝固晶体生长技术,将具有不同折射率的两相制备成具有射线探测功能的共晶材料,其中含有激活离子的闪烁体相的折射率高于基质相。在高能射线辐照下,闪烁体相将入射高能射线转换成荧光,然后,荧光在闪烁体相和基底相的界面以全反射的形式实现定向输出,从而有效提高辐射探测成像的空间分辨率。本工作采用微下降法成功生长得到φ3 mm×117.0 mm 的1.0%(原子数分数)Ce∶GdLu₂Al₅O₁₂/Al₂O₃闪烁共晶样品。通过切割抛光加工得到φ3 mm×2.0 mm的共晶薄片,并将该共晶薄片进行微观结构、能谱分析和荧光性能等表征和测试,结果表明所得到的共晶样品由Ce∶GdLuAG和Al₂O₃两晶相构成,微观结构呈现出“中国结”结构,并在生长方向呈现出一定的有序排列。荧光光谱测试表明该共晶材料存在Gd³⁺-Ce³⁺间的能量传递,具有典型的Ce³⁺辐射跃迁,其中双宽峰发射峰最强位于560 nm。此外,根据生长速率对共晶样品发射峰强、峰位以及荧光寿命影响,优化出最佳下拉生长速率为4.0 mm/min。     

0．94Na1／2Bi1／2TiO3—0．06BaTiO3无铅压电单晶的生长及电学性能研究

采用坩埚下降法成功生长出尺寸达φ15 mm×50 mm的0.94Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-0.06BaTiO3(NBBT94/6)无铅压电单晶.利用X射线荧光沿纵向对晶体棒成分分析表明:Na 、Bi3 、Ti4 离子的含量沿纵向波动较小,而Ba2 离子的含量却波动较大.XRD结构分析表明,晶体棒的中、下部分属于三方相钙钛矿结构,而上部转变为四方相钙钛矿结构.详细研究晶体棒中部0.952Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-0.048BaTiO3(NBBT95.2/4.8)的介电及压电行为表明:非自发极化方向[001]、[110]样品的退极化温度Td分别为200℃和150℃,具有明显的结晶学方向依赖性,且在Td附近表现出典型的介电弛豫行为;在3～5 kV/mm电压极化下,[001]、[110]方向样品的最大压电系数d33分别为165 pC/N、110 pC/N,机电耦合系数kt分别为49.8%、45.0%.     

Luminescence properties of Y3Al5O12:Eu3+-coated submicron SiO2 particles

Silica submicron spherical particles coated with an yttrium aluminum garnet (Y₃Al₅O₁₂, YAG) layer doped with Eu³⁺ were prepared by the sol–gel method. The structure and morphology of samples determined by the X-ray powder diffraction measurements and transmission electron microscope images, respectively, indicated that well-crystallized garnet nanocrystallites were formed with successive coating cycles. Similar trends were deduced from the evolution of the luminescence spectra. The ratio of integrated intensities of the ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ and ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₁ transitions was used to analyze the structural variations in the surroundings of the Eu³⁺ ion. The effect of coating was analyzed by comparing the luminescence properties of the Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Eu³⁺ nanocrystalline powders and composite Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Eu³⁺/SiO₂ materials.     

X-ray crystallographic analysis and NMR study of (Z)-3(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-prop-1-en-1-ol

The molecular structure of the title compound has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The enol form is present in the solid state and each of the two molecules in the asymmetric unit possesses two intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The delocalization of double bonds results in an almost planar molecule. Evidence to support the enol configuration in solution is presented from an NMR investigation.     

La3+掺杂Ca1-xLaxCu3Ti4O12陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用固相反应法制备了La3+掺杂的CaCu3Ti4O12(CCTO)陶瓷,研究了La3+掺杂量对Ca1-xLaxCu3Ti4O12(x=0;,1;,3;,5;,7;)陶瓷物相结构、微观形貌和介电性能影响,对La3+掺杂影响CCTO陶瓷介电性能的机理进行了分析.结果表明:x为3;时,开始出现杂相;x高于5;时,陶瓷晶粒开始细化;La3+掺杂可以显著提高CaCu3Ti4O12陶瓷的介电常数,同时介电损耗在高频段也相应降低,从而有助于CCTO陶瓷的综合介电性能的提升.     

Ce4+对ZnO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2体系红外辐射性能的影响

采用固相合成法制备Ce4+掺杂ZnO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2体系红外陶瓷材料,并通过XRD、IR和红外辐射测试等研究了样品的结构与红外辐射性能。结果表明:Ce4+的引入可作为烧结助剂降低烧结温度,也可固溶于尖晶石结构中。随着Ce4+含量的增加,样品的红外辐射性能明显增加;当CeO2添加量为0.08%,在12～15μm范围内,材料红外辐射率可达0.94。     

X-ray crystallographic determination of the structure and conformation of 7-(1-acetoxy-1-methylethyl)-4a-methyl-octahydro-2(3H)-naphthalenone

The crystal structure of 7-(1-acetoxy-1-methylethyl)-4a-methyl-octahydro-2(³H)-naphthalenone, C₁₆H₂₄O₃ has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystals are orthorhombic, P2₁2₁2₁,a=5.938(2),b=12.081(4),c=21.607(7) Å,Z=4. The structure was solved by direct methods, and refined to an R value of 0.062 for 1013 nonzero independent amplitudes. Ring A has the C(6) distorted sofa conformation whereas the B ring possesses the slightly deformed chair conformation. The side chain in the C(10) position is oriented in relation to the plane of the B ring.The nomenclature of IUPAC for the name of compound in the title is applied. However, for simplicity reason numbers of atoms in the paper follow Fig. 1.     

The effect of fluoride on the Fe2+/Fe3+-redox equilibrium in glass melts in the system Na2O/NaF/CaO/Al2O3/SiO2

Liquids with the base compositions (16 − x/2)Na₂O · xNaF · 10CaO · 74SiO₂ (x = 0, 1, 3, and 4) and (10 − x/2) · Na₂O · xNaF · 10CaO · yAl₂O₃ · (80 − y)SiO₂ (x = 0, 1, 3, 5 and y = 5 and 15) doped with 0.25 mol% Fe₂O₃ were studied by means of square-wave voltammetry in the temperature range from 1000 to 1500 °C. With increasing temperature, the redox equilibria were shifted to the reduced state. Also while increasing the alumina concentration, the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺-redox equilibrium is shifted to the reduced state. In the soda-lime–silica melt the addition of fluoride shifts the equilibrium to the oxidized state, while in the aluminosilicate melts with 15 mol% Al₂O₃, the equilibrium is shifted to the reduced state. In the aluminosilicate melts with 5 mol% Al₂O₃, the equilibrium was not affected by the fluoride concentration. This is explained by the structure of the respective glass compositions.     

Electron paramagnetic resonance of Gd3+ in Eu2Zn3(NO3)12·24H2O single crystals

Electron paramagnetic resonance of Gd³⁺ in Eu₂Zn₃(NO₃)₁₂·24H₂O single crystals is studied at ≈9.45 GHz and at 298 and 77 K. Gd³⁺ substitutes for the Eu³⁺ site. In addition to the allowed fine structure lines, forbidden transitions (ΔM = ±2,±3,±4,±5) are observed. The superposition model is applied to the zero‐field splitting parameter b₂⁰. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Crystal Structure Phase Transitions in the Perovskites A(Cu1−xMnx)Mn4O12(A = Na+, Ca2+, Y3+, La3+)

X-Ray diffraction and neutronographical studies on the crystal structure of the perovskitelike compounds A(Cu_1−xMn_x)Mn₄O₁₂ have been undertaken. It has been shown that the samples with 50% of Mn³⁺ in the octahedral sites have a cubic unit cell, while the samples with higher Mn³⁺ composition may have a monoclinic or rhombohedral unit cell. The temperature increase raises the symmetry to the cubic one. The concentration ranges with different symmetry type have been determined. The lowering of the symmetry of the unit cell is due to the cooperative Jahn-Teller effect.     

Refinement of the crystal structure of Na2Ti3O7

The crystals of Na₂Ti₃O₇ were obtained by crystallization from flux. The structure of the compound was refined from X-ray diffraction data collected on a four-circle diffractometer (2θ/θ scanning technique, λMoK _α radiation, graphite monochromator, θ_max = 40°). The crystals are monoclinic a = 9.133(2) Å, b = 3.806(1) Å, c = 8.566(2) Å, β = 101.57(3)°, sp. gr. P2₁/m, Z = 2, ρ_calcd = 3.435 g/cm³, R = 0.035, 1241 reflections with I ≥ 2σ(I). The geometric characteristics of the Ti-polyhedra are analyzed as to their positions in the trioctahedral ribbon. The polymorphism of the {Ti₃O₇}^2? anionic radical in the structures of Na₂Ti₃O₇ and PbTi₃O₇ is described. The topology and dimensionality of the { Ti₃O₇}^2? anionic radical are demonstrated to depend on the type of the large cations located at the lattice points of the hexagonal close packing characteristic of both structures.