P.W.J.M鲍曼斯逝世

著名光谱化学专家P.w.J.M鲍曼斯于2008年10月26 日逝世,享年76岁. 鲍曼斯1932年生予荷兰,于阿姆斯特丹大学化学物理系毕业.1961年获博士学位.1961～1968年间在阿姆斯特丹大学任教,从事原子光谱分析,发射光谱光源激发机理的研究.1966年出版专集:"Theory of Spectrochemical Excitation"1968年他进入Eindhoven的Philips研究实验室,曾任该实验室主任研究员     

J.J.汤姆孙

J·J·汤姆孙是英国著名的物理学家,曾因气体导电的实验研究和发现电子,获1906年的诺贝尔物理学奖.他是原子物理学的主要奠基人之一,又是一位伟大的教育家,是研究生制的创立者,是现代科研中心——卡文迪什实验室的第三任卡文迪什教授. J·J.汤姆孙于1856年12月18日生于曼彻斯特     

J.J.汤姆孙与卡文迪什实验室

回忆Ｊ．Ｊ．汤姆孙在卡文迪什实验室任教授时，他对现代物理学发展及对实验室建设、培养优秀人才的伟大贡献     

Basics of Statistical Physics,by Harald J.W. Müller-Kirsten

Reactor Physics. By R. Schulten and W. Güth. Translated by W. K. Mansfield. In two volumes. (Harrap, 1967.) [Vol. I: pp. viii + 144; Vol. II: pp. vi+ 154.] 22s. 6d. each volume.

Principles of Atomic Spectra. By B. W. Shore and D. H. Menzel. (John Wiley, 1968.) [Pp. xiv + 538.] £8. 18s. 0d.

Les Transitions Electroniques dans les Solides Non Conducteurs. (Colloque de la Société Français de Physique.) (Presses Universitaires de la France, 1967.) [Pp. 177.] 35 F.

Mechanics. Point Objects and Particles. By Terry Triffet. (John Wiley, 1968.) [Pp. ix + 546.] 32s.

Traité ?Électricité Théorique, Vol. IV: Electromagnetism, etc. By Marc Jouguet. (Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1968.) [Pp. 350.] 94 F.

Modern Physics: An Introductory Survey. By Arthur Beiser. (Addison-Wesley, 1968.) [Pp. ix + 221.] 26s.

Perpetual Motion: Electrons and Atoms in Crystals. By Alec T. Stewart. (Heinemann Educational Books, 1968.) [Pp. x + 146.] 25s.

An Introduction to the Theory of Superconductivity. By C. G. Kuper. (Clarendon Press: Oxford University Press, 1968.) [Pp. vii + 301.] 60s. Scope: Textbook. Level: Postgraduate; Undergraduate.

Progress in High Temperature Physics and Chemistry. Edited by C. A. Rouse. (Pergamon Press, 1968.) [Pp. 176.] 75s.

Ondes dans las Plasmas. By Daniel Quémada. (Paris: Hermann, 1968.) [Pp. 384.] 48 Fr.

Plasmas et Milieux Ionisés. By Evry Schatzman.(Presses Universitaires de la France, 1968.) [Pp. 134.] 16 Fr.

Mechanics. By R. C. Smith and P. Smith. (John Wiley &; Sons, 1968.) [Pp. xviii + 263.] 80s. Scope: Textbook. Level: Undergraduate.

Materials of High Vacuum Technology. Vol. 2: Silicates. By Werner Espe. (Pergamon Press, 1968.) [Pp xxiii + 660.] £16.

Glassblowing for Laboratory Technicians. By R. Barbour. (Pergamon Press, 1968.) [Pp XV + 245.] 40s.

Equilibrium Thermodynamics. By J. C. Adkins. (McGraw-Hill, 1968.) [Pp. xii + 283.] 48s. Scope: Textbook. Level: Undergraduate.

Introduction to Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes. (Third Edition.) By I. Prigogigne. (John Wiley (Interscience), 1968.) [Pp. xv + 147.] 56s. Scope: Library. Level: Specialist/postgraduate.

Introduction to Physical Statistics. By Bruce R. Lindsay. (Dover Books (Constable), 1968.) [Pp. ix + 306.] 26s. 6d. Scope: Textbook. Level: Undergraduate.

Solid State Physics. An Introduction to its Theory. By H. Clark. (Macmillan, 1968.) [Pp. vii + 239.] 40s. Scope: Textbook. Level: Specialist/postgraduate.

Wave Mechanics. By Gunther Ludwig. (Pergamon Press, 1968.) [Pp. v + 230.] 30s. hard cover; 21s. flexi.

Introduction to Special Relativity. By Robert Resnick. (John Wiley, 1968.) [Pp. x + 226.] 70s.     

J.J.汤姆孙——波导理论的先驱

约瑟夫·约翰·汤姆孙爵士(Sir JosephJohn　Thomson,1856-1940)[1],1906年因发现电子而荣获诺贝尔奖金物理学奖.1911年他解释了正射线(positive rays),成为F.W.Aston(1877-1945)关于质谱研究工作的先导,并促进了同位素的发现.他一生发表过许多著作,并曾任英国皇家学会会长,是科学史上一位卓越的科学家. 1893年,J.J.汤姆孙发表了一部著作:《关于电磁学新研究的笔记──克拉克·麦克斯韦教授“论电学与磁学”的续篇》[2].鉴于这部著作的重要性,我们从美国威斯康星大学物理系获得了该书内容的部分复印体.本文是恨据这些第一手材料进行研究…     

J.J.汤姆孙及其对科学的贡献

介绍了Ｊ．Ｊ．汤姆孙的科学生涯，探讨了汤姆孙对物理学的贡献，其中包括提出电磁质量、发现电子、进行原子结构的现代理论和极燧射线的研究等．最后，论述了汤姆孙在组织科学研究和培养科学人才方面取得的成就．     

J.C.麥克斯韋

J.C.麥克斯韋(James Clerk Maxwell)是經典物理学的杰出創造者之一,1831年6月13日生于英國爱丁堡附近的格連列尔。麥克斯韋的父親出身于顯赫的苏格蘭望族,按所受的教育來說是一位法律学家,他在格連列尔有世傳的庄園。麥克斯韋在爱丁堡学院受完了中等教     

J.J.汤姆孙:促成卡文迪什学派崛起的先驱者

<正>众所周知,创建于1871年而竣工于1874年的卡文迪什实验室(Cavendish laboratory),是20世纪世界著名的物理学研究中心。经过100多年的发展,随着它规模的不断扩大,仪器设备的     

Mössbauer and N.M.R. studies of ErFe2Hx

Hydrides of Intermetallic compounds have been the object of many studies because of their potential applications/1/. Recent papers were devoted to the problem of interstitial site occupation in connection with H-H exclusion rule (d_H–H > 2.1 A). The present work deals with ErFe₂H_X, which has been investigated both by⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer Effect and by¹⁶⁷Er N.M.R. Previous studies were limited to X 2, 3.5, 4.1. Here five values of x (1.45, 1.6, 1.84, 2.6, 3.3) are considered, in order to obtain information on hydrogen location, filling and diffusion as a function of x, and also on hydrogen contribution to the electric field gradient (E.F.G.) and crystalline field at the Rare Earth.     

打开物质微观结构的大门--电子发现者J.J.汤姆孙

简要地论述了阴极射线的研究和电子的发现过程，以及J.J.汤姆孙和勒纳德在这些研究中的贡献。     

俄国物理学家A.M.普罗霍罗夫去世

20 0 2年 1月 8日著名俄国物理学家Ａ .Ｍ .普罗霍罗夫在莫斯科的家中去逝 ,终年 85岁 .普罗霍罗夫和俄国物理学家巴索夫及美国物理学家汤斯一起 ,由于发明微波激射器和量子电子学方面开创性的工作 ,获得了196 4年诺贝尔物理奖 .普罗霍罗夫 1916年 7月 11日生于奥大利亚的昆士兰州 .192 3年和家人一起回到祖国前苏联 .他 1939年毕业于国立列宁格勒大学物理系 ,毕业后到莫斯科列别捷夫物理研究所当研究生 .他曾参加卫国战争 (第二次世界大战 )并两次受伤 ,后复原到列别捷夫物理研究所工作 .195 1年他在列别捷夫物理研究所获得博士学位 .2 0世…     

A Journey through Statistical Physics. Selecta of Jürg Fröhlich,edited by G. Felder,G.M. Graf and K. Hepp

Current activity in the field of magnetic separation is reviewed in fundamental terms. The diverse subject matter is ordered into four main groupings whose characteristics are described in terms of numerous devices, both of present-day and historical significance. Existing as well as potential areas of scientific and commercial operation are discussed. The basic principles of recent major developments in high intensity magnetic Separation are closely examined.     

COMMENTS ON “THERMODYNAMIC UNCERTAINTY RELATIONS” BY J. UFFINK AND J. VAN LITH

Fundamental errors in the Uffink and van Lith paper [Found. Phys. 29, 655-92 (1999)] are highlighted. Contrary to their claim, thermodynamic uncertainty relations are derived from the second law. To first order in the energy difference, the increase in entropy when two systems at slightly different temperatures are placed in thermal contact is equal to the product of the second subsystems multiplied by the change in energy of the first subsystem. This expression for the increase in entropy has the same range of validity as the thermodynamic uncertainty relations and the Fisher information, i.e., they are second order quantities. The dispersion in the inverse temperature of either subsystem cannot be less than the inverse of the Fisher information, or the inverse of the dispersion in energy of the composite system at the lowest possible equilibrium temperature, where the equality applies strictly to reversible processes and the inequality to irreversible ones.     

M.法拉第和他的科学成就——纪念M.法拉第诞辰二百周年

今年9月22日,是伟大的英国物理学家、化学家M.法拉第(Michael Faraday 1791-1867)诞辰二百周年纪念日.我怀着崇敬的心情撰写此文. 法拉第出身贫寒,自学成才,工作勤奋,热心科普工作,是一位实验大师.他发现了电磁感应现象.法拉第用电解定律和磁致旋光效应,研究了物质的抗磁性和顺磁性,提出了力线和场的概念,主张自然界的各种力相互有关,并反对超距作用的观点.他的工作为J.C.麦克斯韦建立电磁场理论打下了基础[1]. 一、青少年时代与早期的科学工作 法拉第出生于萨里群纽因顿,他的父亲是位铁匠,家境贫寒.五岁时随父母到伦敦.13岁时,他就到一家…