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利用绒毛对圆柱涡激振动抑制进行了风洞试验研究。通过改变附属绒毛无因次长度L/D比(L为绒毛长度,D为圆柱外径),研究L/D分别为0.6、1.2和1.8的模型在约化速度2~40的范围内对弹性支撑大质量阻尼系数圆柱涡激振动的抑制作用。试验采用激光位移传感器采集圆柱的横向(Y)和顺流向(X)位移,并用烟线测流场以揭示流动控制机理。结果表明,三种无因次长度的绒毛对大质量阻尼系数圆柱的涡激振动都有显著的抑制作用,随着L/D的增加,圆柱Y向无因次位移及功率谱密度幅值减弱,多达73.5%的无因次位移被抑制;且随着L/D的增加,圆柱附属绒毛频率比远离原始圆柱频率比。绒毛改变了圆柱的边界层分离点位置、抑制了边界层的相互作用并改变尾涡结构,从而抑制振动。 相似文献
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圆柱结构涡激振动现象在生活中十分常见,如海洋工程中的管道、土木工程中的高耸建筑、桥梁斜拉索,核工程中的热交换器等频繁受到涡激振动影响,诱发结构的疲劳损伤,甚至破坏失效.现阶段,人们对垂直来流作用下圆柱结构涡激振动机理已有较为全面的认识.然而,当圆柱倾斜置于流场中,结构后缘的尾流形态与垂直放置差异显著,结构与流体的耦合作用机理更为复杂.为简化倾斜圆柱涡激振动问题,提出了不相关原则,来流速度被分解为垂直圆柱结构轴向和平行圆柱结构轴向的两个速度分量,仅考虑垂直结构轴向速度分量的影响,忽略平行结构轴向速度分量的影响.近年来,针对倾斜圆柱涡激振动及不相关原则的适用性,出现了大量实验和数值模拟研究成果.为了深化对倾斜圆柱结构涡激振动相关机理的认知,本文全面阐述了倾斜圆柱结构涡激振动响应规律、尾迹流场模式和流体力特性等方面的研究进展,分析了不相关原则的适用范围,探讨了倾斜圆柱结构涡激振动抑制措施,并对今后该领域的研究进行了力所能及的展望. 相似文献
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旋转圆柱绕流流场特性分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
对雷诺数Re = 20000 ~ 90000、相对转速ɑ = 0 ~ 0.72的旋转圆柱后方流场进行了实验测量, 分析了旋转圆柱后方不同剖面处的速度分布规律和湍流度分布规律. 采用LES方法对旋转圆柱绕流问题进行了数值模拟, 分析旋转圆柱周围流场特性和自由剪切层变化规律, 最后通过理论模型对流场变化进行分析, 得出如下结论: 当圆柱逆时针旋转时, 同一雷诺数下随着相对转速的增加, 旋转圆柱尾迹区域下方速度突变处的位置随着相对转速的增加而上移, 而上方速度突变处的位置不变, 雷诺数的增加使旋转圆柱尾迹区域下方速度突变处位置有小幅度的下移. 通过数值模拟发现, 圆柱旋转之后, 圆柱后方下侧涡的位置明显上移, 且幅度较大. 下方的自由剪切层有明显的上移, 上方的自由剪切层位置变化较小. 最后通过理论分析发现, 圆柱后侧下方涡位置的上移对圆柱升力影响十分显著, 在高雷诺数、低相对转速的条件下, 旋转圆柱后侧下方涡位置的改变对旋转圆柱的升力、尾流区自由剪切层的变化起到了重要的影响. 相似文献
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不同控制角下附加圆柱对圆柱涡激振动影响 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
在弹性支撑的圆柱周围布置直径更小圆柱会影响剪切层发展以及旋涡脱落,进而改变其涡激振动状态.通过不同的布置形式和附加小圆柱个数可以实现对圆柱涡激振动的促进或抑制.激励更大幅值的振动可以更好地将水流动能转化为可利用的机械能或电能,抑制其振动则可以实现对海洋平台等结构物的保护.采用基于迭代的嵌入式浸入边界法对前侧对称布置两个小圆柱的圆柱涡激振动进行数值模拟研究,系统仅做横向振动,其中基于主圆柱直径的雷诺数为100,质量比为2.0,折合流速为3~11.小圆柱与主圆柱的直径比为0.125,间隙比为0.125.结果表明,在研究的控制角范围内(30°~90°),附加小圆柱可以很大程度上改变圆柱涡激振动的状态.当控制角较小(30°)时,附加小圆柱对主圆柱的振动起抑制作用;当控制角为45°~60°时,圆柱的振动分为涡振和弛振两个阶段,在弛振阶段,圆柱振幅随折合流速增加而持续增加;当控制角较大(75°~90°)时,附加小圆柱的促进作用随着控制角增加而减小.进一步地,结合一个周期内不同时刻旋涡脱落以及圆周压强分布,解释了附加小圆柱对主圆柱涡激振动的作用机制.应用能量系数对圆柱系统的进一步分析发现,弛振阶段由流体传递到主圆柱的能量系数随折合流速的增加逐渐下降,旋涡结构的改变是产生这种变化的直接原因. 相似文献
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通过模型实验和数值模拟计算,研究了带有涡激振动抑制罩的圆截面柱体的水动力特性.模型实验主要测试了柱体上附加谐波型和类圆锥型涡激振动抑制罩的单摆结构在不同流速下发生涡激振动的性质;数值模拟则针对谐波型和圆锥型扰动,在雷诺数Re为102到105范围内,研究其水动力参数,如阻力、升力和涡脱落频率等,随扰动波长和波动强度的变化.模型实验结果表明,在直圆柱开始发生共振的流速下,带抑制罩的柱体的振幅显著降低,而在更高流速下则显著增大.数值模拟结果表明,谐波型和圆锥型扰动具有相似的水动力特性;且在不同Re时,阻力、升力和涡脱落频率具有相似的变化规律;随波动强度的增大,阻力一般逐渐增大,升力则在多数情况下先减小而后增大,而涡脱落频率一般逐渐减小. 相似文献
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柔性圆柱涡激振动流体力系数识别及其特性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
涡激振动是诱发海洋立管、浮式平台系泊缆和海底悬跨管道等柔性圆柱结构疲劳损伤的重要因素.目前,海洋工程中用于柔性圆柱涡激振动预报的流体力系数主要来源刚性圆柱横流向受迫振动的实验数据,存在一定缺陷和误差.本文综合考虑横流向与顺流向振动耦合作用,建立了柔性圆柱涡激振动流体力模型,运用有限元法和最小二乘法确定升力系数、脉动阻力系数和附加质量系数.为了准确识别柔性圆柱涡激振动流体力系数,设计并开展了拖曳水池模型实验,实验用柔性圆柱模型的质量比为1.82,长径比为195.5.通过与刚性圆柱流体力系数对比,深入分析了柔性圆柱流体力系数的特性.结果表明:柔性圆柱在一阶模态控制区,流体力系数随约化速度变化趋势与刚性圆柱大致相似;二阶模态控制区,升力系数和脉动阻力系数显著增大;附加质量系数在响应频率较低时与振动位移的相关性增强;当响应频率较低时,振动位移较大区域为能量耗散区,当响应频率较高时,振动位移较大区域为能量输入区. 相似文献
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串列布置三圆柱涡激振动频谱特性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
对串列三圆柱体双自由度涡激振动问题进行了数值计算, 并分析了雷诺数、固有频率比和约化速度对串列三圆柱体结构动力响应及频谱特性的影响. 研究发现: 雷诺数、频率比对上游圆柱的振幅和流体力系数的影响较小. 中游圆柱频率锁定区域随着雷诺数的增大而增大, 其动力响应受上游圆柱尾流的影响较大, 但频率比的影响较小. 同时, 流体力系数在约化速度较小时受雷诺数和频率比的影响较大. 另外, 下游圆柱的振幅和流体力系数受雷诺数及频率比的影响较大. 雷诺数、频率比和约化速度对圆柱流体力系数能量谱密度(PSD)曲线中主峰幅值、频谱成分及波动性的影响较大. 流体力系数PSD曲线波动性的增强, 导致圆柱运动轨迹会从"8"字形转变成不规则形状. 当频率比为2.0时, 上游圆柱尾流出现P$+$S模式, 导致其发生非对称运动, 且升、阻力系数PSD曲线主峰重合. 最后, 激励荷载平均功率值随约化速度的变化趋势与对应的结构动力响应的变化类似. 在同一约化速度区间内, 结构振动响应的强弱与位移的平均功率值成正比. 对不同约化速度区间内的升力系数功率谱密度分析时, 振动频率比($f_{s}/f_{n, y})$对结构振动响应的影响更大. 相似文献
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VIV suppression of a two-degree-of-freedom circular cylinder and drag reduction of a fixed circular cylinder by the use of helical grooves 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Shan Huang 《Journal of Fluids and Structures》2011,27(7):1124-1133
Experimental investigations have been carried out to examine the effects of triple-starting helical grooves on the drag of fixed circular cylinders and the vortex-induced vibration of elastically supported cylinders. For the elastically supported cylinder, the Reynolds number varied from 1.3×104 to 4.6×104, whilst for the fixed cylinder from 3.1×104 to 3.75×105. A comparative approach which allows direct comparisons of the results was adopted where two cylinders of identical dimensions and physical properties with or without helical surface grooves were tested in exactly same experimental set-ups. In the elastically supported cylinder tests, the cylinders were attached to a vertically cantilevered supporting rod and towed in a towing tank. Both the in-line and cross-flow vibrations were permitted. In the fixed cylinder tests, the cylinders were supported on rigid vertical struts and towed horizontally in the same towing tank. It is found that for the case investigated the helical grooves were effective in suppressing the vortex-induced cross-flow vibration amplitudes with the peak amplitude reduced by 64%. Drag reductions of up to 25% were also achieved in the sub-critical Reynolds number range tested in the study for the fixed cylinders. 相似文献
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The flow past a rigid-fixed cylinder and a self-oscillating cylinder is simulated at Re=5000. The finite-volume based CFD package OpenFOAM is used for flow computations for a rigid-fixed cylinder. Extensive mesh convergence and time-step studies are conducted for a cylinder span of 2D (twice the diameter). Spanwise-pressure correlations and spectral calculations are conducted using longer cylinder span lengths: 4D, 8D and 16D. As the cylinder span size increases, better spanwise correlations are obtained. For a self-oscillating cylinder, the numerical approach that tightly couples DDES and FEA based on a fixed point iteration is used to predict the amplitude response and drag in a lock-in condition. The results of the rigid-fixed and self-oscillating cylinder computations compare favorably with experimental data. 相似文献
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Vortex and wake-induced vibrations of a tandem arrangement of two flexible circular cylinders with near wake interference 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Results showing the dynamic response of a tandem arrangement of two vertical high aspect ratio (length over diameter) and low mass ratio (mass over mass of displaced fluid) flexible cylinders vibrating at low mode number are presented in this paper. Two circular cylinder models were aligned with the flow, so the downstream or trailing cylinder was immersed in the wake of the leading one. Centre-to-centre distances from 2 to 4 diameters were studied. The models were very similar in design, with external diameters of 16 mm and a total length of 1.5 m. Reynolds numbers up to 12 000 were achieved with reduced velocities, based on the fundamental natural frequency of the downstream cylinder in still water, up to 16. The trailing model had a mass ratio of 1.8 with a combined mass-damping parameter of 0.049, whilst the corresponding figures for the leading cylinder were 1.45 and 0.043, respectively. The dynamic response of the trailing model has been analysed by studying cross-flow and in-line amplitudes, dominant frequencies and modal amplitudes. The dynamic response of the leading one is analysed by means of its cross-flow amplitudes and dominant frequencies and it is also related to the motion of the trailing cylinder by studying the synchronisation between their instantaneous cross-flow motions. Planar digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) was used to visualise the wake. Different response regimes have been identified based on the type of oscillations exhibited by the cylinders: vortex-induced (VIV), wake-induced (WIV) or combinations of both. 相似文献
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The flow-induced vibrations of two elastically mounted circular cylinders subjected to the planar shear flow in tandem arrangement are studied numerically at Re=160. A four-step semi-implicit Characteristic-based split (4-SICBS) finite element method is developed under the framework of the fractional step method to cope with the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) problem. For the computational code verification, two benchmark problems are examined in the laminar region: flow-induced vibration of an elastically mounted cylinder having two degrees of freedom and past two stationary ones in tandem arrangement. Regarding the two-cylinder VIVs in shear flow, the computation is conducted with the cylinder reduced mass Mr=2.5π and the structural damping ratio ξ=0.0. The effects of some key parameters, such as shear rate (k=0.0, 0.05, 0.1), reduced velocity (Ur=3.0–18.0) and spacing ratio (Lx/D=2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 8.0), are demonstrated. It is observed that the shear rate and reduced velocity play an important role in the VIVs of both cylinders at various center-to-center distances. Additionally, in comparison with the single cylinder case, a further study indicated that the gap flow has a significant impact on such a dynamic system, leading it to be more complex. The results show that, the performances of ‘dual-resonant’ are discovered in the shear flow. A valley is formed in transverse oscillation amplitude of DC for each spacing ratio when Ur is about 6.0. For the X–Y trajectories of the circular cylinders, figure-eight, figure-O and oval shape are obtained. Finally, the interactions between cylinders are revealed, together with the wake-induced vibration (WIV) mechanism underlying the oscillation characteristics of both cylinders exposed to shear flow. Besides, the “T+P” wake pattern is discovered herein. 相似文献
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Yong HUANG 《应用数学和力学(英文版)》2020,41(10):1497-1516
The bending and free vibrational behaviors of functionally graded(FG) cylindrical beams with radially and axially varying material inhomogeneities are investigated.Based on a high-order cylindrical beam model, where the shear deformation and rotary inertia are both considered, the two coupled governing differential motion equations for the deflection and rotation are established. The analytical bending solutions for various boundary conditions are derived. In the vibrational analysis of FG cylin... 相似文献