Size-dependent effective elastic moduli of particulate composites with interfacial displacement and traction discontinuities

This work aims at estimating the size-dependent effective elastic moduli of particulate composites in which both the interfacial displacement and traction discontinuities occur. To this end, the interfacial discontinuity relations derived from the replacement of a thin uniform interphase layer between two dissimilar materials by an imperfect interface are reformulated so as to considerably simplify the characteristic expressions of a general elastic imperfect model which is adopted in the present work and include the widely used Gurtin–Murdoch and spring-layer interface models as particular cases. The elastic fields in an infinite body made of a matrix containing an imperfectly bonded spherical particle and subjected to arbitrary remote uniform strain boundary conditions are then provided in an exact, coordinate-free and compact way. With the aid of these results, the elastic properties of a perfectly bonded spherical particle energetically equivalent to an imperfectly bonded one in an infinite matrix are determined. The estimates for the effective bulk and shear moduli of isotropic particulate composites are finally obtained by using the generalized self-consistent scheme and discussed through numerical examples.     

Influences of imperfect interfaces on effective properties of multiferroic composites with coated inclusion

In order to predict the effective properties of multiferroic composite materials, the effective material constants of multiferroic composites with the coated inclusion and imperfect interface are investigated. Based on the generalized self-consistent theory, the closed-form solutions of the effective material constants are derived. For the composites with piezomagnetic inclusion, piezoelectric coating and polymer matrix, numerical calculations are performed to present the influences of the imperfect interface cooperating with the coating on the effective material constants. From the results, it can be observed that the effective constants can be enhanced by the coating but reduced by the imperfect interface. Moreover, the coating has the shielding effects on the imperfect interface for the composite structures with its higher filling ratio.     

Effect of particle polydispersity on micromechanical properties and energy dissipation in granular mixtures

A series of numerical tests was conducted to study the micromechanical properties and energy dissipation in polydisperse assemblies of spherical particles subjected to uniaxial compression. In general, distributed particle size assemblies with standard deviations ranging from 0% to 80% of the particle mean diameter were examined. The microscale analyses included the trace of the fabric tensor, magnitude and orientation of the contact forces, trace of stress, number of contacts and degree of mobilization of friction in contacts between particles. In polydisperse samples, the average coordination numbers were lower than in monodisperse assemblies, and the mobilization of friction was higher than in monodisperse assemblies due to the non-uniform spatial rearrangement of spheres in the samples and the smaller displacements of the particles. The effect of particle size heterogeneity on both the energy density and energy dissipation in systems was also investigated.     

Effect of the porosity and particle size of materials on sound-wave velocity

Methods were developed to measure longitudinal and transverse sound velocities in porous materials — various Zn-S mixtures and KBr samples. It is shown that, on exposure to ultrasound with a wavelength far exceeding the pore size in pressed samples, a porous body behaves as a continuous medium. Sound velocity in a porous material was found to depend on the quantitative ratio of vacuum, air, and toluene in the pores. Bulk sound velocities estimated using an additive method agree with experimental data within an error not more than 10%. It was found that removal of moisture traces from porous samples led to significant absorption of sound waves. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 121–127, July–August, 2009.     

基于静强度分布参数的复合材料剩余强度及寿命预测

为探讨剩余强度及疲劳寿命与初始静强度分布参数之间的关系,构建基于初始静强度分布参数的剩余强度和疲劳寿命计算模型。在模型构建过程中未涉及复合材料结构的层数、铺层厚度和铺层方向,适应性强。模型参数可通过静力试验和剩余强度试验获得,试验成本相对疲劳试验较低。剩余强度和疲劳寿命与初始静强度变异系数及其分布参数有关,当初始静强度服从威布尔分布时,疲劳寿命亦服从威布尔分布,可为开展疲劳可靠性提供借鉴和参考。算例表明,基于建立的模型,剩余强度计算结果最大误差为-1.58%,疲劳寿命与试验数据吻合较好。     

应力平衡和接触状态在Hopkinson杆测试聚合物动态弹性模量中的影响研究

针对用Hopkinson杆试验能否准确测量聚合物动态弹性模量以及其中主要影响因素的问题,本文基于重构试样初始加载阶段的应力波反射透射过程,分别计算了6个特征时间内的前三次反射波和透射波,得到试样的应力平衡度和试样的应力应变曲线。对于所研究的聚合物材料,通过比较重构的应力应变曲线的弹性模量与输入的材料弹性模量,发现在4个特征时间后,误差仅在3%左右。因此试样变形过程中的应力平衡与否不是材料在Hopkinson杆试验中弹性模量测不准的原因。通过环氧树脂试样试验发现,根据Hopkinson杆理论计算的应变结果要大于试样上应变片实测的结果,误差在11%左右。相应的数值模拟研究发现:试样和杆子端面接触状态直接决定着试样弹性模量测量的精度。关于惯性效应和压痕效应的研究也证实它们的影响是可以忽略的。     

镍涂层对碳纳米管/镁复合材料界面结合强度影响的分子动力学模拟

使用分子动力学模拟方法研究了镍涂覆单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)增强镁基复合材料的力学行为.结果表明,镍涂覆SWCNT/Mg复合材料的杨氏模量显著大于未涂覆SWCNT/Mg复合材料的杨氏模量,在碳纳米管表面修饰的Ni涂层可有效传递碳纳米管和Mg基体之间的载荷.此外,还研究了Ni涂层数对SWCNT/Mg复合材料界面结合强度的影响.对于不同Ni涂层数,即无Ni涂层、1层Ni涂层和2层Ni涂层,涂覆1层Ni和2层Ni的SWCNT从Mg基体中完全拔出后的界面结合强度分别约为无Ni涂层SWCNT/Mg复合材料界面结合强度的3.9和11.9倍.     

激光冲击对氧化石墨烯薄膜的结构及力电性能影响

采用激光烧蚀氧化石墨烯薄膜,可实现其微尺度图案化加工,以应用于微纳米电子器件。但激光冲击下氧化石墨烯薄膜的结构及力、电性能变化直接影响了器件稳定性和可靠性。为研究超高应变率加载对氧化石墨烯薄膜的结构及性能的影响,采用不同功率激光冲击氧化石墨烯薄膜,通过对其表面形貌、化学成分表征揭示薄膜结构的改变机理,通过对薄膜冲击前后的硬度、弹性模量、导电率测试探索合理的激光加工参数。结果表明：在1.14 W功率的二氧化碳激光冲击下,可实现加工区氧化石墨烯薄膜的还原且不造成薄膜烧蚀断裂,其电导率可达到1.727×10³ S/m,弹性模量为49.97 GPa,硬度为5.71 GPa。

     

升温速率与流变特性对B炸药慢烤响应的影响

为探究慢速烤燃过程中不同升温速率下B炸药流变特性的尺寸效应对相变后内部温度场的分布特征与点火位置的影响,设计了$\varnothing $76 mm与$\varnothing $130 mm两种尺寸的烤燃弹。通过慢烤试验分别获得了1 ℃/min与3.3 ℃/h两种升温速率下,各烤燃弹内部监测点的温度变化曲线,结合数值模拟进一步分析了各工况下烤燃弹内部温度场的变化特点。研究结果表明：在升温速率为1 ℃/min时,两种尺寸的烤燃弹在炸药还未完全相变前就已发生响应,对流的存在导致炸药顶部的熔化速率明显高于底部,B炸药流变特性的尺寸效应不明显;当升温速率为3.3 ℃/h时,相变完成后,尺寸偏小的烤燃弹内部流场强度低,温度场变化十分缓慢,而尺寸偏大的烤燃弹内部流场强度较大,温度场很快体现出典型的液相温度场分布特征,B炸药的流变特性具有明显的尺寸效应;无论升温速率的快慢与尺寸的大小,炸药发生相变后温度最高点、自热反应区域与最终响应区域都出现在药柱顶部附近。

     

HMX粒度与爆轰波传播性能的关系研究

采用楔形装药,用临界截面厚度来表征爆轰波传播特性,分别对两种密度条件下HMX粒度对其自身和以HMX为主体的混合炸药HMX/F2641（wHMX/wF2641=95∶5）爆轰波传播性能的影响作了实验研究。结果表明:HMX粒度对爆轰波传播特性有显著的影响,随着HMX粒度的减小,临界截面厚度变小,即爆轰波传播性能增强;同一HMX粒度下, HMX/F2641爆轰波传播性能优于HMX;装药密度的增加有利于爆轰波传递。     

钼／全氟聚醚复合薄膜的制备及摩擦学性能研究

利用电子束蒸镀和浸涂技术在GCrl5轴承钢表面制备了钼／全氟聚醚复合润滑膜(Mo／PFPE)；利用接触角测定仪和X射线光电子能谱仪分析了复合润滑膜的表面性质和化学状态；采用DF—PM型动-静摩擦系数精密测定仪考察了复合薄膜的摩擦学性能，采用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了薄膜磨损表面形貌．结果表明，与金属Mo薄膜相比，Mo／PFPE复合薄膜同钢对摩时的摩擦系数显著降低，耐磨性能明显改善，Mo／PFPE复合薄膜同钢对摩时主要呈现轻微磨粒磨损特征．     

Shape and size effects of ceria nanoparticles on the impact strength of ceria/epoxy resin composites

Ceria nanoparticles with various shapes (rods, cubes, and plates) and sizes were controllably synthesized and then introduced into epoxy resin. Subsequently, we investigated correlations between the shape and size of ceria nanostructures and the mechanical performance of composites. The samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Compared with commercial ceria filled composites, the composites made with morphology-controlled ceria nano...     

热处理对Al2O3f/Mg-9Al-0.5Nd材料力学性能及摩擦磨损特性的影响

采用无压浸渗技术制备了Al2O3f/Mg-9Al-0.5Nd复合材料,研究了热处理对复合材料力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜观察磨损表面形貌并对其磨损机理进行了分析.结果表明:热处理后复合材料的硬度及耐磨性得到显著提高;铸态复合材料的磨损机制主要表现为磨粒磨损和剥层磨损,热处理后复合材料抗剥层能力增强,磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损.     

Effects of deformed volume, volume fraction and particle size on the deformation behaviour of W/Cu composites

Tungsten/copper (W/Cu) particle reinforced composites were used to investigate the scaling effects on the deformation and fracture behaviour. The effects of the volume fraction and the particle size of the reinforcement (tungsten particles) were studied. W/Cu-80/20, 70/30 and 60/40 wt.% each with tungsten particle size of 10 μm and 30 μm were tested under compression and shear loading. Cylindrical compression specimens with different volumes (D_S = H) were investigated with strain rates between 0.001 s⁻¹ and about 5750 s⁻¹ at temperatures from 20 °C to 800 °C. Axis-symmetric hat-shaped shear specimens with different shear zone widths were examined at different strain rates as well. A clear dependence of the flow stress on the deformed volume and the particle size was found under compression and shear loading. Metallographic investigation was carried out to show a relation between the deformation of the tungsten particles and the global deformation of the specimens. The size of the deformed zone under either compression or shear loading has shown a clear size effect on the fracture of the hat-shaped specimens.The quasi-static flow curves were described with the material law from Swift. The parameters of the material law were presented as a function of the temperature and the specimen size. The mechanical behaviour of the composite materials were numerically computed for an idealized axis-symmetric hat-shaped specimen to verify the determined material law.     

冲击速度和磨粒粒度对FeCrAl/WC复合涂层冲蚀性能的影响

采用粉芯丝材作为原料,利用高速电弧喷涂技术制备了具有良好抗高温冲蚀磨损性能的FeCrAl/WC复合涂层;考察了650℃下冲击速度和磨粒粒度对复合涂层高温冲蚀磨损性能的影响.结果表明,复合涂层和20G锅炉钢的耐高温冲蚀磨损能力随着磨粒粒度的增加而有所提高;30°攻角下冲蚀率随磨粒粒度的变化速率比90°攻角下的小;同20G锅炉钢相比,复合涂层对速更加敏感,速度越低,FeCrAl/WC复合涂层的抗冲蚀磨损性能越好.     

爆速对爆炸焊接铝/不锈钢复合管界面及结合性能的影响

通过在粉状乳化炸药中添加不同比例的密度调节剂,配制了爆速范围为1 450~2 550 m/s的低爆速炸药;采用该爆速炸药进行了铝/不锈钢复合管爆炸焊接实验,结合最小碰撞速度理论,对实验结果及其界面微观结构和结合强度进行了测试和分析,确定该复合管爆炸焊接的合适爆速约为1 950~2 150 m/s,其结合质量能够满足后续加工要求;同时发现界面由介于直线与波形之间的波状形态组成,且呈现不太规则的扁平波状结合,经分析,炸药爆速、复合管的爆炸焊接环境和爆炸产物飞散条件对界面结合波形及熔化层厚度有很大影响。     

Modeling of damage in unidirectional ceramic matrix composites and multi-scale experimental validation on third generation SiC/SiC minicomposites

The purpose of this paper is to experimentally validate a 1D probabilistic model of damage evolution in unidirectional SiC/SiC composites. The key point of this approach lies in the identification and validation at both local and macroscopic scales. Thus, in addition to macroscopic tensile tests, the evolution of microscopic damage mechanisms – in the form of matrix cracks and fiber breaks – is experimentally analyzed and quantified through in-situ scanning electron microscope and computed tomography tensile tests. A complete model, including both matrix cracking and fiber breaking, is proposed on the basis of existing modeling tools separately addressing these mechanisms. It is based on matrix and fiber failure probability laws and a stress redistribution assumption in the vicinity of matrix cracks or fiber breaks. The identification of interfacial parameters is conducted to fit the experimental characterization, and shows that conventional assumptions of 1D probabilistic models can adequately describe matrix cracking at both macro- and microscopic scales. However, it is necessary to enrich them to get a proper prediction of ultimate failure and fiber break density for Hi-Nicalon type S fiber-reinforced SiC/SiC minicomposites.     

Scaling laws of nanoporous gold under uniaxial compression: Effects of structural disorder on the solid fraction,elastic Poisson's ratio,Young's modulus and yield strength

In this work the relationship between the structural disorder and the macroscopic mechanical behavior of nanoporous gold under uniaxial compression was investigated, using the finite element method. A recently proposed model based on a microstructure consisting of four-coordinated spherical nodes interconnected by cylindrical struts, whose node positions are randomly displaced from the lattice points of a diamond cubic lattice, was extended. This was done by including the increased density as result of the introduced structural disorder. Scaling equations for the elastic Poisson's ratio, the Young's modulus and the yield strength were determined as functions of the structural disorder and the solid fraction. The extended model was applied to identify the elastic–plastic behavior of the solid phase of nanoporous gold. It was found, that the elastic Poisson's ratio provides a robust basis for the calibration of the structural disorder. Based on this approach, a systematic study of the size effect on the yield strength was performed and the results were compared to experimental data provided in literature. An excellent agreement with recently published results for polymer infiltrated samples of nanoporous gold with varying ligament size was found.