大体积进样-离子色谱法测定炉水中痕量阴离子

提出了大体积进样-离子色谱法测定火电厂炉水中8种阴离子F-、CH3COO-、HCOO-、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-及PO43-的含量。水样经AG17-C保护柱及AS17-C分离柱分离,以氢氧化钾溶液为淋洗液进行梯度淋洗,采用抑制电导器检测。8种阴离子的质量浓度均在5.0～50μg·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(2S/N)在0.01～0.11μg·L-1之间,测定下限(10S/N)在0.05～0.52μg·L-1之间。方法用于火电厂炉水中8种阴离子的测定,加标回收率在97.8%～107%之间。     

新型浓缩柱富集-流动注射光度法测定水中的痕量铜

以二乙氨基二硫代甲酸钠(DDTC)分光光度法为基础,将新型浓缩柱在线富集与流动注射联用以测定水中痕量Cu2+,对浓缩柱的富集、解吸条件以及流动注射参数进行了考察。在最佳条件下,在0.25～45μg/L的范围内,Cu2+的浓度与峰高呈良好线性关系,其线性方程为:y=3.0553ρ+4.2244(R2=0.9984),检出限为0.082μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.1%(25μg/L Cu2+,n=10)。利用本方法测定河水中的痕量铜,回收率在95.6%～99.6%之间。     

加速溶剂萃取分离-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中多溴二苯醚和六溴联苯的含量

称取经风干和剔除砂、石等杂质并研磨通过0.18 mm孔径筛的土壤样品2.000g与2.0g硅藻土混合,加入2 000μg·L-1同位素内标溶液(MBDE-MXFS)50μL和5 000μg·L-113C12-BDE-209标准溶液40μL,用正己烷-二氯甲烷(1+1)混合液进行加速溶剂萃取(ASE)。将所得萃取液浓缩至1~2mL,通过多层复合酸碱硅胶层析柱净化,用正己烷100mL洗脱,收集洗脱液,使其浓缩至1~2mL,再经氮吹浓缩至0.1mL,加入2 000μg·L-1 13C12-BDE-138进样内标溶液50μL,定容至1.0mL,进样进行气相色谱-质谱分析。测定三溴至七溴代二苯醚(BDEs)和六溴联苯(BB-153)时,按气相色谱-电子轰击离子源-低分辨质谱工作条件并选用Rtx-1614色谱柱(30m×250μm,0.10μm);测定BDE-209时,按气相色谱-负化学电离源-低分辨质谱工作条件并选用Rtx-1614色谱柱(15m×250μm,0.10μm)。测得BDE-209的线性范围为50.0~1 000μg·L-1,其余7种PBDEs和BB-153的线性范围均为5.00~500μg·L-1;检出限(3s)在0.04~0.51μg·L-1。用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率为82.6%~112%;测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.8%~8.6%。     

在线超滤-离子色谱法同时测定面粉中3种阴离子

采用在线超滤-离子色谱法同时测定面粉中BrO3-、NO2-、NO3-3种阴离子的含量。10.00g样品用水超声提取30min,定容为100mL,离心分离,取上清液通过0.22μm在线超滤系统进行预处理。分取20μL进样,经Metrosep A Supp 7-250阴离子分析柱和Metrosep A Supp 4/5Guard保护柱分离,以3.6mmol·L-1碳酸钠溶液为流动相进行淋洗,采用抑制电导检测器进行检测。BrO3-、NO2-和NO3-分别在0.20~10.0 mg·L-1,0.02~2.00 mg·L-1和0.25~30.0mg·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.20~2.50mg·kg-1之间。应用此方法分析了3个面粉样品,并以此为基体,用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在89.0%~110%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.2%~4.6%之间。     

流动注射在线分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水中镍(Ⅱ)

应用D412螯合树脂作为富集柱填充物,将在线分离富集装置与火焰原子吸收光谱法联用测定水中镍(Ⅱ)的含量。优化的试验条件如下:1富集柱采用干法填充;2吸附介质的p H为6;3进样速率为5 m L·min-1;4 3 mol·L-1硝酸溶液(洗脱剂)用量为2.5 m L;5洗脱速率为7.5 m L·min-1。镍的质量浓度在50μg·L-1以内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3s)为0.35μg·L-1。方法用于自来水和河水样品的分析,加标回收率在96.0%~101%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在2.5%~3.1%之间。     

高效液相色谱-质谱法测定尿液中痕量雷公藤春碱

提出了尿液中雷公藤春碱的高效液相色谱-质谱测定方法。尿液样品经Waters Oasis(MCX固相萃取小柱富集、净化后,以Zorbax Eclipse SB C18反相色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为分离柱,以乙酸盐缓冲溶液-乙腈(40+60)为流动相,采用正离子模式大气压化学电离源,在选择离子监测模式下进行检测,雷公藤春碱的定量离子质荷比(m/z)为874.4。线性范围为0.2~50.0μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.07μg·L-1,测定下限(10S/N)为0.2μg·L-1。回收率在86.0%~92.0%之间,日内(n=6)和日间(n=15)相对标准偏差分别小于7.5%和10.5%。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水样中硝基苯类化合物

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水样中5种硝基苯类化合物,硝基苯、2,4,6-三硝基甲苯、2,4-二硝基氯苯、邻一硝基氯苯和对-硝基氯苯的方法.对固相萃取,水样预处理和色谱分离条件做了试验并予以优化.采用Porapak RDX固相萃取柱将样品浓缩富集后,以C<,18>色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为分离柱,以甲醇和水以体积比55比45的混合液为流动相,在检测波长为260 nm处进行测定.方法检出限(2S/N)为0.8～1.8μg·L-1,相对标准偏差(n=7)在1.1 9/6～5.6%之间,加标回收率在81.5%～101.0%之间.该方法已用于地表水及生活饮用水中的硝基苯类化合物测定.     

预浓缩-气相色谱-质谱法测定大气中34种挥发性有机物含量

采用预浓缩-气相色谱-质谱法测定大气中34种挥发性有机物的含量。采用苏玛罐采集大气样品,通过预浓缩系统富集浓缩,在气相色谱分离中用DB-624色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用全扫描模式。34种挥发性有机物的线性范围均为0.5~40nL·L-1,方法的检出限在0.01~0.14μg·m-3之间。回收率在86.7%~98.7%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.5%~8.6%之间。     

聚合物整体柱毛细管微萃取-电感耦合等离子体质谱分析生物样品中的痕量重金属离子

制备了聚(丙烯酰胺-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)(Poly(AA-EGDMA))整体柱,采用红外(IR)光谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其结构和形貌进行了表征。基于此,建立了Poly(AA-EGDMA)整体柱毛细管微萃取(CME)-等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用检测生物样品中痕量重金属离子的分析方法。对影响CME的诸多条件,如样品溶液的pH值、上样体积、上样流速、解吸剂浓度及体积、解吸剂流速以及共存离子的干扰等进行了详细的考察。在优化的实验条件下,方法对Cd2+和Pb2+的检出限分别为4ng·L-1和36ng·L-1,相对标准偏差(c=0.2μg·L-1,n=7)分别为4.7%和3.9%。该整体柱对Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附容量分别为46.7μg·m-1和130μg·m-1。将所建立的方法用于尿样中痕量重金属离子Cd2+、Pb2+的测定,加标回收率分别为99%和100%。     

铬黑T流动注射法在线测定水样中的微量Ni(Ⅱ)

利用铬黑T(EBT)与镍(Ⅱ)发生显色反应,生成一种紫罗兰色的配合物,建立了新的在线分析镍的流动注射法。在pH为10的H2B4O7-KCl-NaOH缓冲溶液中,铬黑T用量2.5 mL,缓冲液用量2.5 mL,灵敏度最好。方法的线性范围为10～1000μg·L-1,在10～100μg·L-1浓度范围内,ΔA=0.4234C+3.4336,R2=0.9998;在100～1000μg·L-1浓度范围内,ΔA=0.3907C+12.869,R2=0.9985,线性关系良好。检出限(3S/N)为3.4μg·L-1,加标回收率在98.8%～104.2%之间,相对标准偏差(n=14)为1.82%(200μg·L-1的镍标液),结果令人满意。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。