Femtosecond spectroscopy of the (2)1Σ u + double minimum state of Na2: time domain and frequency spectroscopy

Femtosecond time resolved pump-probe experiments studying wave packet dynamics in the (2)¹Σ _u ⁺ double minimum state of Na₂ are reported. The experiments were performed in a molecular beam with ion Time of Flight (TOF) detection. By Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) of the observed time domain data the energy spacings of the coherently coupled vibrational levels in the (2)¹Σ _u ⁺ potential are obtained with an accuracy of 0.02 cm^?1, although an ultrafast laser source with its inherent spectral width was used in the experiment. The wavelengths of the pump and probe laser pulses are chosen such that in this two color experiment we can control ionisation versus ionisation induced fragmentation. In order to study the influence of the potential barrier on a vibrational wave packet motion we performed simulations based on time dependent quantum calculations.     

Quasi-resonant energy transfer in collisions: Na2(A1Σ u + )+K(4S)

Cross sections for electron energy transfer from the initial rotational stateJ′of the two lowest vibrational levelsv′=0 andv′=1 of excited dimers Na₂(A) to potassium atoms as described by Na₂(A¹Σ _u ⁺ ,v′J′)+K(4S)→Na₂ (X¹Σ _g ⁺ ,v″J″)+K(4P)+ΔE have been examined by laser-induced fluorescence. A strong increase of the cross section by as much as an order of magnitude has been observed for those dimerv′J′-levels for which the dipole transitions are close to resonance of the 4S-4P transitions in the atom (ΔE<4 cm^?1). The absolute cross sections for energy transfer have been calculated by the Rabitz approximation of first-order perturbation theory. In the case of closest energy resonance (ΔE=0.9 cm^?1) the cross section is Q=7.8×10^?13 cm².     

Total synthesis of (±)-13-epineostenine

An efficient total synthesis of (±)-13-epineostenine (2) has been achieved in 15 steps and 17% overall yield. This approach involved the key alkylation/Michael additions of the central 1,4-cyclohexanedione monoethylene acetal and all of the stereocenters on central cyclohexane moiety were generated in highly stereoselectivity.     

Synthesis of a C(9)—C(13) fragment of acutiphycin from levoglucosan

Alkylation of (1R,2R,5R)-2-benzenesulfonyl-6,8-dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one, which is accessible from levoglucosan, afforded (1R,2R,5R)-2-benzenesylfonyl-2,4,4-trimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one. This was further converted into (1S,2R,3S,5R)-2,4,4-trimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ol representing the C9—C13 fragment of acutiphycin molecule.     

First Total Synthesis of (±)-13-Hydroxy-8 (14)-abietene

(±)-13-Hydroxy-8 (14)-abietene, a rare alicyclic diterpene possessing an isopropyl group and a hydroxy group at the C-13 position, was isolated from Solidago missouriensis nutt1. Many diterpenes exhibit significant bioactivities, such as antibacterial. As a part of our synthetic studies on the naturally-occurring diterpenes, we are attemping the synthesis of the rare natural compound. To our knowledge no total synthetic work has been reported yet. In order to study the further relationship b…     

C~(13)核磁共振

五十年代,核磁共振技术开始应用于化学中,显示了它的强大的生命力。六十年代,随着核磁共振在有机化学中的广泛应用,核磁共振技术的飞速发展,它的研究对象及应用范围也日益扩大。在有机化合物中,磁性核有 H~1,C~(13),F~(19),P~(31),N~(15),B~(11),……等。其中,H~1是最重要的,也是研究最多的,是有机分子的重要结构分析工具。此外,F~(19)及 P~(31)等在各有关实验室中也有很多研究。但是,对于组成有机分子骨架的碳原子说来,却有困难,因为 C~(12)的磁矩等于零,没有核磁共振现象。只有碳的一个同位素 C~(13)是有磁性的。因此,测C~(13)的核磁共振直接研究碳骨架的想法长期以来具有     

~(13)C核磁共振(六)

分子式为C_6H_8O的哪一个化合物与图E-11符合? 取谱条件: 溶剂:CDCl_3(δ77.2三重峰) 浓度:50V/V％温度:28℃测定频率:22.63MHz 去偶:上——~1H偏共振去偶(500次) 下——~1H宽带去偶(100次) [解答]C_6H_8O含有三个双键当量。在~(13)C谱中找到一个羰基(δ198.65)以及一个C=C键(δ150.6及129.85)。还余下一个双键与三个次甲基(δ38.2,25.75及22.95)。总结起     

~(13)C核磁共振(五)

习题1 分子式为C_4H_(10)S的哪一个化合物符合图E-1的~(13)C谱?对此谱作出归属。取谱条件: 溶剂:CDCl_3(δ77.25处有三重峰,图中未画出) 浓度:50V/V％温度:28℃测定频率:22.63MHz 去偶:上——~1H偏共振去偶(200次) 下——~1H宽带去偶(100次)     

~(13)C核磁共振(七)

习题16 1,3,5-三硝基苯与丙酮在氢氧化钾的乙醇溶液存在下反应生成一种蓝紫色的Meisenheimer钾盐,见谱E-16。分析此谱并给出从谱所得最重要的论点以支持此盐的结构。取谱条件: 溶剂,(eD,),50(3,.7七重峰,Je-一20.5Hz) 浓度:饱和溶液温度:28℃测定频率:22.63 MHz 去偶.上.偶合谱(25000次),附有放大四倍的部分谱下:几H宽带去偶( 5000次)〔解答〕谱的归属     

~(13)C核磁共振(四)

9 ~(13)C自旋-晶格弛豫时间(T_1)的测量及应用 9.1 测定T_1的方法 9.1.1 倒向—恢复法此法是用(180°-τ-90°)_n脉冲系列作用于样品。磁化矢量M_0在180°脉冲作用下倒向(图20b),在自旋-晶格弛豫过程中,磁化矢量从-M_0经0到 M_0弛豫,在这一过程中,即过了时间τ后,90°脉冲将部份弛豫的磁化矢量M_τ旋转到X(?)Y平面中,并在接收线圈中感应出FID信号。如果τ很短,M_τ还是负的(M_τ<0),90°脉冲(?)_1,作用后M_τ沿X向负Y轴旋转(图20c),     

~(13)C核磁共振(三)

8.1 通过一个键的C与H偶合除了化学位移之外,C—H的偶合常数也能提供重要的信息,测量J值时必须取不去偶或用交替脉冲双共振方法。这两种方法都需时较长,并且要求样品量较多。~1J_(CH)也可从~1H谱的~(13)C卫星线测得。 ~1J_(CH)在120-130Hz之间~2J(CH)、~3J(CH)~4J(CH)都小于     

~(13)C核磁共振(一)

自从物理学家发现核磁共振(NMR)有化学位移,从而使NMR进入了有机化学实验室,到现在已有三十年了。早期,最常见的是高分辨~1H谱。70年代以后,由于引入了PFT技术,NMR灵敏度低的困难已经解决了,因此,测定低丰度核的工作受到广泛重视,其中最重要的是~(13)C。自从有了PFT的商品仪器,~(13)C NMR工作蓬勃开展,文献急剧增加,可以认为:~(13)C与~1H NMR相辅相成,是目前有机化学家手中最强有力的武器。我国建立NMR技术已有十多年的历史,~(13)C方面也有了不少工作。到目前为止,介绍~(13)C谱基础知识的资料还十分少,为此,我们编译了德同化学家von E.Breitmaier及G.Bauer所著的《~(13)C NMR Spektroskopie》一书,并选译部分练习题,以供有机化学工作者参考。本文将以连载方式在本刊载出。限于编译者的水平,错误难免,请批评指正。     

~(13)C核磁共振(二)

4.识别图谱的化学方法 4.1 氘代用化学方法将样品中的某些位置上的氢以重氢(~2D)代替之后,与这个氢键接的~(13)C共振峰就发生相应变化,利用这种变化可以识别谱峰。~2D的I=1,因此,CD,CD_2,CD_3的碳顺次表现为三重峰(1:1:1),五重峰(1:3:5:3:1)及七重峰(1:3:5:7:5:3:1),又由于~2D有四极弛豫作用,使~(13)C讯号加宽,这两重原     

Total synthesis of erythronolide B. 2. Skeleton assembly in (C5C9) + (C3C4) + (C1C2) + (C11C13) sequence.

Erythronolide B has been synthesized starting from levoglucosan.     

Reaction Mechanism of the Multi-channel Decomposition Reactions of C_(10)H_(14)~+·

n-Butylbenzene cations C10H14^＋ serve as a model compound to investigate the reaction mechanisms of alkylbenzene cations. The reactions of C10H14^＋. decomposition reaction system have been studied extensively at the B3LYP/6-311＋＋G^＊＊ level with Gaussion98 package. The chain reaction of C10H14^＋ dissociation was initiated by C-H bond rupture. All reaction channels initiated by C-H rupture were fully investigated with the vibrational mode analvsis to confirm the transition states and to reveal the reaction mechanism. A theoretical investigation on the reactions of this positive ion free radical can help us fully understand the decomposition processes.     

Total synthesis of erythronolide B. 1. Skeleton assembly in (C9C13) + (C7C8) + (C1C6) sequence.

Erythronolide B has been synthesized starting from levoglucosan.     

Characterization and separation of Al_(13) species using gel-filtration chromatography

Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) coagulant has been developed and widely used in water and wastewater treatment industry since the 1980s[1]. PAC is normally made by partial hydrolysis of acid aluminum chloride solution using slow alkaline titration method. However, this method would result in many different Al species. Among these Al species, it seems that tridecamer (Al13O4(OH) 724 , often denoted by Al13) is the most effective and stable polymeric Al species for water and wastewater treatme…     

Formation of helium cluster ions HHe x + (x≦14) and H3He x + (x≦13) in a very low temperature drift tube

The formation of cluster ions when hydrogen molecular ions H ₂ ⁺ and H ₃ ⁺ are injected into a drift tube filled with helium gas at 4.4 K has been investigated. When H ₂ ⁺ ions are injected, cluster ions HHe _x ⁺ (x≦14) are produced. No production of H₂He _x ⁺ ions is observed. When H ₃ ⁺ ions are injected, cluster ions HHe _x ⁺ (x≦14) are produced as well as H₃He _x ⁺ (x≦13), and very small signals corresponding to H₂He _x ⁺ (3≦x≦10) are observed. Information on the stability of HHe _x ⁺ and H₃He _x ⁺ is derived from the drift field dependence of the cluster size distributions. The cluster sizex=13 is found to be a magic number for HHe _x ⁺ , and for H₃He _x ⁺ ,x=10 and 11.