A New Model for the Genesis of Natural Gases--Multi-source Overlap, Multi-stage Continuity, Type Controlled by Main Source and Nomenclature by Main Stage (Ⅰ)--Multi-source Overlap and Type Controlled by Main Source

Based on the geochemical studies of natural gases in the past ten years in China, the authors have proposed a new model for their genesis--multi-source overlap, multi-stage continuity, main source-controlling type and nomenclature by the main stage.Multi-source refers to a diversity of material sources involved in the formation of natural gases, including abiogenic and biogenic material sources. In regard to biogenic sources, either oil-generating or coal-generating organic matter would produce gaseous hydrocarbon reservoirs of commercial importance. Generally, natural gases originating from these sources can overlap to form gas reservoirs. Under specific circumstances mantle-source abiogenic gases could overlap biogenic gases to form gas reservoirs. In nature, natural gases predominated by gaseous hydrocarbons may be formed from a single end-member source. However, multi-source overlap is more typical of the genesis of natural gases.     

A New Model for Correlating the Solubility of Solids in SupercriticalCo_2 and Study on Some Systems (I): The New Model

Manyresearchershavesuggestedthatthereexistsolvent-soluteclustersinsupercriticalfluid(SCF)-solutesystems.'-'TocorrelatethephaseequilibriaofSCF-solidbinarysystems,weproposeamodelwhichisbasedonthefoIlowingfactsandassumptions.l.TheSCFphaseconsistsofsolventmolecules,freesolutemolecuIes,andthesolvent-soluteclusterswithonesolutemoleculeandanumberofthesolventmolecules.2.Thenumberofthesolventmoleculesineachclusterisassumedtobeindependentofpressure.ThisassumptionisthesameasthatusedbyChrastillinhism…     

Synthesis of the Natural Products Resveratrol (Ⅰ) and Isorhapotogenin (Ⅱ)

ResveratrolIandisorhapotigeninIIaretwonaturalproductswithmanybiologicalactivities',andtheirtotalsynthesis'havebeenreported.LinMaoetal3flrstisolatedthemfromG.parvofOlium,atraditionalChineseherbusedtotreatrheumatoidarthritis,ulcerbleedingandbronchitis.Inanattempttopreparecnoughsamplesfortlirtherpharmacologicalevaluation,severalsynthesisstrategieshavebeenexplored'.WchavcdevelopedtwosyntheticapproachesofIandIIinSchemelandScheme2,respectivcly.Startingfrom3,5-dihydroxybenzoicacid,thecompound2wa…     

A New Model for Correlating the Solubility of Solids in Supercritical CO_2 and Study on Some Systems(Ⅱ): Correlation and Prediction

Inthepreviouspaper',wedevelopedanewmodelforcorrelatingandpredictingthesolubilitiesofsolidsinsupercriticalfluids(SCFs),whichcanbegiveninthefollowingformin[yi/(l-"y,)]=njnon(RTdr)-'dp-inP BP C(l)wherethecoefficientofthepressuretermisgivenbyB=-n(RTd,')-,(2)InEqs(1)and(2),yZisthemolefractionofthesoluteinSCFphase,d.thebulkdensityofthesolvent,d,'thelocaldensityofthesolventsurroundingthesolute,Tabsollltetemperatllre,Ppressure,Rgasconstallt,andCconstant.Thevalidityofamodelshouldbeverifiedbycor…     

A New Nickel(Ⅱ) Coordination Compound Constructed by Pyridyl-triazole and Oxybis(Benzoic Acid): Synthesis,Crystal Structure and the Effect on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

A new energetic complex, Ni(3,4'-Hbpt)2(Hoba)2(H2O)2(3,4'-Hbpt = 3-(3-pyridyl)-5-(4'-pyridyl)-1-H-1,2,4-triazole and H2 oba = 4,4'-oxybis(benzoic acid)), has been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses and X-ray powder diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the complex belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 10.2357(9), b = 24.594(2), c = 10.4225(9) A, β = 114.0110(10)°, V = 2396.7(4) A3, Dc =1.460 g/cm3, μ = 0.482 mm-1, Mr = 1053.63, F(000) = 1088, Z = 2, the final R = 0.0358 and wR =0.0973 with I 2σ(I). Both 3,4'-Hbpt and H2 oba ligands adopt monodentate modes linking one Ni(II)ion to form a 0D motif. Furthermore, the 0D motifs are linked into a 3D supramolecular architecture with hydrogen bonds. In addition, the catalytic performance for thermal decomposition of the efficacy of ammonium perchlorate(AP) is explored by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),which indicates that the complex is a good candidate for a promoter of the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate.     

Synthesis,Fluorescence and Electrochemistry of Three New Ruthenium(Ⅱ)Complexes

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＥＬＣｉｓａｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｂｙｗｈｉｃｈａｃｈｅｍｉｌｕｍｉｎｅｓｃｅｎｔｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｉｓｇｅｎｅｒａｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｒｅａｇｅｎｔｓｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｖｉｃｉｎｉｔｙｏｆａｎｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｄｅｓｕｒｆａｃ...     

Measurement of Atrazine Adsorption onto Surficial Sediments (Natural Surface Coatings)——New Evidence for the Importance of Fe Oxides

To reveal the relative contribution of the components, Fe, Mn oxides or organic materials(OMs) in the surficial sediments(SSs), and the natural surface coating samples(NSCSs) to adsorbing atrazine(AT), a selective chemical extraction technique was employed, to remove the different components, and the adsorption characteristics of AT on the SSs and the NSCSs were investigated. The observed adsorptions of AT on the original and extracted SSs and NSCSs were analyzed by nonlinear least squares fitting(NLSF) to estimate the relative contribution of the com-ponents. The results showed that the maximum adsorption of AT on the NSCSs was greater than that in the SSs, be-fore and after extraction treatments, implying that the NSCSs were more dominant than the SSs for organic pollutant adsorption. It was also found that the Fe oxides, OMs, and residues in SSs(NSCSs) facilitated the adsorption of AT, but Mn oxides directly or indirectly restrained the interaction of AT with SSs(NSCSs) particles. The contribution of the Fe oxides to AT adsorption was more than that of OMs; the greatest contribution to AT adsorption on a molar ba-sis was from the Fe oxides in the nonresidual fractions, indicating that the Fe oxides played an important role in con-trolling the environmental behavior of AT in an aquatic environment.     

NMR Studies of a New Binding Mode of the Amino Acid Esters by Porphyrinatozinc(Ⅱ)

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｐｏｒｐｈｙｒｉｎｓａｎｄｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｓｓｕｃｈａｓａｍｉｎｏａｃｉｄｓ ,ｕｂｉｑｕｉｎｏｎｅｐｌａｙｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓ .Ｔｈｅｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎｏｆａｍｉｎｏａｃｉｄｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｄｅｒｉｖａｔｉｖｅｓｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｏｐｉｃｆｏｒｂｏｔｈｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆａｍｉｎｏａｃｙｌ ｔｒ…     

A novel method for Co(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ) analysis by capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection

Based on the fact that some metal ions can catalyze the chemiluminescence(CL)reaction of luminol with K_3Fe(CN)_6,a novel capillary electrophoresis CL method was developed for the determination of Co(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ).The separation was carried out with a 10 mmol/L sodium acetate solution containing 0.8 mmol/L luminol and 2.0 mmol/Lα-HIBA(adjusted to pH 4.8 by HAc solution).The post-capillary reagent was 2.0 mmol/L K_3Fe(CN)_6 which was adjusted to pH 13.0 by NaOH solution.Under the optimum conditions,the detection limits(S/N=3)for Co(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ)were 7.5×10~(-11)mol/L and 7.5×10~(-9)mol/L,with the linear range of 7.5×10~(-9)mol/L to 1.0×10~(-6)mol/L and 7.5×10~(-8)mol/L to 5.0×10~(-5)mol/L, respectively.     

Rh(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) co-catalyzed multi-component reaction for the synthesis of vicinal diols

Oxonium ylide intermediates generated fromα-diazocarbonyl compounds and water were trapped by Zn(Ⅱ)-activatedα-dicarbonyl compounds.The reaction gaveα,β-dihydroxyl acid derivatives in moderate yield.     

Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Adsorption of Copper(Ⅱ) onto a New Fe-Si Adsorbent

A new kind of Fe-Si adsorbent was synthesized by iron oxide and diatomite after calcining and hydrothermal process. The influences of the initial Cu2+ concentration, p H and adsorption time on the Cu2+ removal efficiency were discussed. Three adsorption empirical kinetics equations and two thermodynamics equations were used to simulate the adsorption process. The microstructures of newly developed copper removal materials and properties of copper removal are characterized in details by SEM and EDS. Adsorption mechanism of the adsorbent was discussed. The suitable p H value for Cu2+ removal is 5.0 to 6.0 and the adsorption capacity increases with increasing the initial Cu2+ concentration. The adsorption kinetics of the adsorbent could be better described by pseudo second order kinetic model, whereas the adsorption isotherms highly conform to the Freundlich equation. The main crystalline phase of the adsorbent is Fe(Si O3) which can build porous structures conducive to the Cu2+ adsorption.     

O-(2-Aminobenoyl)-Hydroxylamine—A New Reagent for the Direct Conversion of Audehydes to Nitriles

Refluxing an ethanolic solution of O-(2-aminobenzoyl) -hydroxylamine (1) aldenydes and BF₃-Et₂ yields (78–94%) the corresponding nitriles.     

Synthesis and Crystul Structure of A New Mixed-Valence Complex of Copper (Ⅰ, Ⅱ) α-Methacrylate with Triphenylphosphine and Methanol

Themixed-valencecomplexesareofspecialinterestbecauseofthepossibilityofeasyelectrontransferbetweenthesestates.ElectrontransferbetweenCu(I)andCu(II)isofcentralimportanceinavastrangeofchemicalandbiochemicalcatalyticsystems'.TheCu(I)andCu(II)preferdifferentcoordinationnumbersandstereochemistry,andbothoxidationstatesarehighlylabileandstereochemicallyflexible2'3.Thecrystalstructuresofndxed-valencecopper(I,II)complexeshavereceivedconsiderableattentionforwhattheymayrevealaboutstructuralchangesacc…     

A Novel Tetraiodocadmate(Ⅱ)–PVC Membrane Electrode for the Potentiometric Determination of Cadmium(Ⅱ)

Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metal pollutants, so its determination is important. Carrier-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have found wide application for being simple and economical. However, there are only limited reports on the ion-selec…     

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterization of a New Manganese(Ⅱ)Tetracarboxylate

By hydrothermal synthesis,a manganese(Ⅱ)tetracarboxylate [Mn(2,2'-bipyridi-ne)btec)o.5(H2O)]2n(H4btec=1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid)was obtained and characteri-zed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,IR,elemental analysis and thermogravimetrie analysis.It crystallizes in triclinic,space group P(1),with a=7.721(4),b=8.905(5),c=10.712(6)(A),α=80.899(8),β=70.371(8),γ=78.201(8)°,z=2,V=675.8(7)(A)3,Mr=354.20,Dc=1.741 g/cm3,μ=1.007mm-1,F(000)=360,S=0.956,(△/σ)max=0.000,the final R=0.0490 and wR=0.1262.This compound presents an infinite 1D polymer featuring a double-chain structure.The Mn(Ⅱ)ion is five-coordinated.The four carboxylate groups of btec4- are all deprotonated and coordinated to four Mn atoms in a monodentate fashion,forming a 1D double chain structure with a cavity.Such chains are interconnected by π-π stacking interactions into 2D layers which are further interlinked into a supramolecular structure by hydrogen bonds.     

A New Co(Ⅱ) Coordination Compound Constructed by Tripyridyltriazole and Pyromellitic Acid:Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Antifungal Activity

A new coordination compound, [Co(L~(223))_2(H_2O)_2]·H_2pm(1, L~(223) = 3,4-bis(2-pyridyl)-5-(3-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole and H4 pm = pyromellitic acid), has been synthesized. The structure of complex 1 has been characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectrum analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 10.2470(8), b = 10.2879(9), c = 10.2951(11) ?, α = 109.398(2), β = 97.6590(10), γ = 95.3260(10)°, V = 1003.60(16) ?3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.565 g/cm~3, μ = 0.508 mm~(-1), Mr = 945.73, F(000) = 485, the final R = 0.0562 and w R = 0.0783 with I 2σ(I). Two L223 as chelating ligands link one Co(II) ion to form a 0D motif. Furthermore, the 0D motifs are linked into a 2D coordination pattern with hydrogen bonds. In addition, the antifungal effects of the ligand and the complex were evaluated by the disc diffusion method against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. 1 represents antifungal activity with high levels of inhibitory potency which is larger than the corresponding ligand.     

A New Cadmium(Ⅱ) Dimer Constructed by 1,10-Phenanthroline Derivative and Chlorine Anions: Syntheses,Crystal Structure and Photoluminescence

In this work, a new Cd(II) dimeric compound, [Cd(Cl)2(L)(H2O)]2(1, L = 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline), has been achieved under hydrothermal conditions. The structure of compound 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 8.944(2), b = 18.781(5), c = 10.904(3), β = 91.392(4)°, V = 1831.2(8) 3, Z = 2, C38H26Cd2F2Cl4Cl4N8O2, Mr = 1031.27, Dc = 1.870 g/cm3, F(000) = 1016, μ(Mo Ka) = 1.513 mm-1, R = 0.0532 and w R = 0.1407. Each Cd(II) atom is in an octahedral coordination sphere, completed by two nitrogen atoms from one L ligand, two chlorine anions, and one water oxygen atom. Two chlorine anions bridge two Cd(II) atoms to give a dimer [Cd(Cl)2(L)(H2O)]2. Adjacent dimers are stacked by one type of π-π interactions among L ligands to generate a 1D supramolecular chain. Further, the 1D supramolecular chains are stacked by another type of π-π interactions among L ligands to give a 2D supramolecular layer. Finally, the luminescent property of 1 has been studied in solid state at room temperature.     

A Selective Fluorimetric Method for the Determination of Some β-Lactamic AntibioticsSupported by Natural Science Foundations of China and Shandong province

Abstract

Based on the reaction between acetylacetone-formaldehyde and β-lactamic antibiotics at pH=4.0, in which product can emit strong fluorescence, a selective simple fluorimetric method is described for the determination of both α-aminocephalosporins (namely cepharadine and cefalexin) and 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) in pure form and in pharmaceutical form. Other β-lactamic antibiotics free from α-amino group do not interfere with the assay. The linear ranges are 1.0×10^?4-8.0×10^?2 mg/ml, 2.0×10^?4-3.0×10^?2 mg/ml and 3.0×10^?4-2.0×10^?2mg/ml for cepharadine, cefalexin and 6-APA, respectively. Their detection limits (S/N=3) are 3.0×10^?5mg/ml, 4.0×10^?5mg/ml and 6.0×10^?5mg/ml.