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1.
加拿大科学家们越来越对二氧化碳资源化利用产生兴趣,认为其是2012年最具潜力的新技术。据《加拿大商报》4月29日报道称,随着人类对全球气候变化的关注,科学家正在通过各种方法利用二  相似文献   

2.
我国工业制成品原料的80%来自矿产资源,由此产生了大量的工业固废,其中赤泥是比较典型的一种工业危废,如不经合理处置,将对大气、水体、土壤等产生危害。同时赤泥又兼具资源属性,如经过合理利用,将替代部分原材料,符合我国“十四五”循环经济发展规划的要求。综述了我国赤泥产生、堆存、污染现状,及目前综合利用的方式及优缺点。赤泥产量大,堆存量已超数亿吨,污染问题已变得比较突出,当前主要应用在冶金、建材和环境保护领域,提出了赤泥大规模资源化利用的方向,助推我国实现“双碳目标”。  相似文献   

3.
纵观历史长河,从薪柴到煤炭,再到油气和新能源,每次能源的更替都极大地促进了社会生产力的发展。从化学角度看,能源革命的本质就是“减碳趋氢”的过程。本文在介绍了能源发展史后,简单阐述了能源利用的本质及不同能源的结构差异;随后从反应热力学和动力学角度,重点介绍了CO2作为重要碳一(C1)资源的转化利用技术及研究进展;最后展望了我国未来碳科学与技术的总旋律。  相似文献   

4.
5.
随着现代社会的快速发展,人们对能源的需求与日俱增,目前,发展中国家仍以化石燃料为主要能源投入,其燃烧产生的二氧化碳排放带来的温室效应和环境问题已引起举世关注.因此,通过对二氧化碳进行捕集、封存与转化利用,实现碳减排和碳中和目标成为目前研究的热点.其中,二氧化碳基高分子材料的制备在实现二氧化碳资源化利用的同时,也为聚合物...  相似文献   

6.
分析了我国垃圾无害化处理处置现状,指出卫生填埋存在一系列问题。综述了垃圾渗滤液的组成及性质,对比分析了生物处理技术、物化处理技术以及土地处理技术的机理及其优缺点,其中传统的垃圾渗滤液处理处置工艺不利于垃圾处理行业健康发展。列举说明垃圾渗滤液的资源化利用现状,展望了垃圾渗滤液在能源、农业以及工业领域的应用,提出通过从垃圾渗滤液中提取腐殖酸等物质生产肥料的方式,不仅可以实现垃圾渗滤液的资源化利用,且具有良好的经济效益。  相似文献   

7.
面向氢能源、燃料电池和二氧化碳减排的制氢途径的选择   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
对氢气的多种制造途径加以探讨,也涉及到氢能的利用、燃料电池以及二氧化碳的减排。需要指出的是氢气并非能源,而只是能量的载体。 所以氢能的发展首先需要制造氢气。对于以化石燃料为基础的制氢过程,如煤的气化和天然气重整,需要开发更经济和环境友好的新过程,在这些新过程中要同时考虑二氧化碳的有效收集和利用问题。对于煤和生物质,在此提出了一种值得进一步深入研究的富一氧化碳气化制氢的概念。对于以氢为原料的质子交换膜燃料电池系统,必须严格控制制备的氢气中的一氧化碳和硫化氢;对于以烃类为原料的固体氧化物燃料电池,制备的合成气中的硫也需严格控制。然而,传统的脱硫方法并不适宜于这种用于燃料电池的极高深度的氢气和合成气的脱硫。氢能和燃料电池的发展是与控制二氧化碳排放紧密相关的。  相似文献   

8.
氯化氢(HCl)是在各种工业过程中释放的有毒有害气体,但气相HCl中的氯、氢资源可以用于合成许多化工产品,这对副产HCl的资源化利用提供了思路。当前,气相HCl的综合利用主要集中在制氯气和其他含氯产品。通过综述气相HCl资源化的研究进展,分析了相关过程和机理,讨论了影响HCl资源化的因素,并强调了气体成分是影响副产HCl综合利用的主要因素,重点是其他气体成分对反应过程的影响。最后针对目前存在的资源化方式少、系统研究不足等问题,提出未来研究方向包括开发利用方式和模拟多组分气体条件等。  相似文献   

9.
钢渣和污泥作为传统大宗固体废弃物,始终面临处理成本高、回收利用率低等问题,但其内部含有大量可利用物质,具有较高的资源化利用价值,现已成为国内外的研究热点。为了提高钢渣与污泥绿色、高效、协同资源化利用,综述了近年来国内外钢渣在建筑、道路、水处理、农业等领域资源化利用的研究进展,立足固废无害化、减量化,从钢渣和污泥的资源化进行分析与总结,指出不同研究方法的特点和优劣,为固废资源化利用提供参考。并基于我国发展现状对钢渣与污泥资源化利用的未来发展方向进行了展望,以期为固废处理行业的良性发展提供一定的理论支撑。  相似文献   

10.
以二氧化碳(CO2)为主的温室气体排放所导致的全球气候和生态系统变异问题正得到普遍重视,全球CO2年排放量已达数百亿吨[1].控制CO2排放量,对其回收、固定、利用及再资源化,已成为世界各国严重关切的问题.同时,从资源化角度出发,CO2是世界上最为丰富和廉价的碳一(C1)资源[2,3],因此,大力发展二氧化碳的绿色化利用技术,开发绿色高新精细化工产业链,提高产品的附加值,具有重要的意义.  相似文献   

11.
The present work studied the effect of different carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorbents on Ni-based dual-function materials (DFMs) for the development of carbon capture and on-site utilization in a reactor at isothermal condition. The DFMs containing Ni functioning as a methanation catalyst with various CO2 adsorbents (i.e., CaO, MgO, K2CO3, or Na2CO3) were prepared on γ-Al2O3 through sequential impregnation. The result indicated that Ni-Na2CO3/γ-Al2O3 had the highest methanation capacity (i.e., 0.1783 mmol/g) and efficiency (i.e., 71.09%) in the CO2 adsorption–methanation test. The CO2 uptake and the subsequent methanation capacity of the Ni-Na2CO3/γ-Al2O3 increased to more than 24 times and more than 17 times, respectively, compared to Ni/γ-Al2O3. The high methanation capacity was correlated to its highest amount of weak basic sites, substantial CO2 capture capacity and capture/release efficiency, and reactivity to H2 at a lower temperature, supported by CO2-TPD, TGA analyses for adsorption or adsorption–desorption at the isothermal condition, and H2-TPRea, respectively. A continuous cyclic CO2 adsorption–methanation was performed by using the Ni-Na2CO3/γ-Al2O3 and Ni-CaO/γ-Al2O3, showing that the CO2 adsorption capacity was stabilized from third cycle onward, whereas the methanation capacity was stabilized at all cycles, indicating the high stability of the DFMs for both CO2 adsorption and subsequent methanation. This work demonstrated successful synthesis of the Ni-based, low-cost, and stable DFMs with the ability to produce methane via the direct capture of CO2.  相似文献   

12.
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 to fuels or commodity chemicals is a reaction of high interest for closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle. The role of the electrolyte is of particular interest, as the interplay between the electrocatalytic surface and the electrolyte plays an important role in determining the outcome of the CO2 reduction reaction. Therefore, insights on electrolyte effects on the electrochemical reduction of CO2 are pivotal in designing electrochemical devices that are able to efficiently and selectively convert CO2 into valuable products. Here, we provide an overview of recently obtained insights on electrolyte effects and we discuss how these insights can be used as design parameters for the construction of new electrocatalytic systems.  相似文献   

13.
    
A zero-gap flow electrolyzer with a tin-coated gas diffusion electrode as the cathode was used to convert humidified gaseous CO2 to formate. The influence of humidification, flow pattern and the type of membrane on the faradaic efficiency (FE), product concentration, and salt precipitation were investigated. We demonstrated that water management in the gas diffusion electrode was crucial to avoid flooding and (bi)carbonate precipitation, to uphold a high FE and formate concentration. Direct water injection was validated as a novel approach for water management. At 100 mA/cm2, direct water injection in combination with an interdigitated flow channel resulted in a FE of 80 % and a formate concentration of 65.4+/−0.3 g/l without salt precipitation for a prolonged CO2 electrolysis of 1 h. The use of bipolar membranes in the zero-gap configuration mainly produced hydrogen. These results are important for the design of commercial scale CO2 electrolyzers.  相似文献   

14.
    
Improving carbon utilization efficiency is the key to developing next-generation electrolysers for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The current CO2RR electrolyser relies on the use of neutral/alkaline media to suppress the competitive hydrogen production and improve the activity of CO2RR. However, the produced carbonate/bicarbonate leads to severe carbon loss. Performing CO2RR in acidic media can suppress the carbonate formation while hydrogen production is the major issue. Herein, we found that the activity of acidic CO2RR can be well tuned through electrolyte optimization on Cu and Ag catalyst. DFT calculation suggests that this results from the change of local electronic structure on Cu by surface adsorbed alkali metal ions. Electrolytes with high content of K+ promote the overall CO2RR activity, especially multi-carbon production in acidic media. CH4 is the dominant product in Na+ only electrolyte on Cu, with a Faradaic efficiency of 48 % at 220 mA cm−2 in pH=2 solution.  相似文献   

15.
方梦祥  周旭萍  王涛  骆仲泱 《化学进展》2015,27(12):1808-1814
化学吸收法是燃后CO2捕集的主要方法之一,本文介绍了化学吸收法脱除CO2的系统工艺及特点,综述了CO2吸收剂的研究现状,介绍了典型吸收剂:氨水吸收剂、氨基酸盐吸收剂、碳酸钾吸收剂的研究进展,以及新型吸收剂研究方向:混合胺吸收剂、相变吸收剂、离子液体吸收剂、纳米流体吸收剂,CO2开关型吸收剂和新型有机胺吸收剂,并分析比较了各种吸收剂的优缺点。分析表明混合胺和相变吸收剂节能潜力较大,较其他四种新型吸收剂更为成熟,因此具有一定的工业化潜力。  相似文献   

16.
    
Balancing the activation of H2O is crucial for highly selective CO2 electroreduction (CO2RR), as the protonation steps of CO2RR require fast H2O dissociation kinetics, while suppressing hydrogen evolution (HER) demands slow H2O reduction. We herein proposed one molecular engineering strategy to regulate the H2O activation using aprotic organic small molecules with high Gutmann donor number as a solvation shell regulator. These organic molecules occupy the first solvation shell of K+ and accumulate in the electrical double layer, decreasing the H2O density at the interface and the relative content of proton suppliers (free and coordinated H2O), suppressing the HER. The adsorbed H2O was stabilized via the second sphere effect and its dissociation was promoted by weakening the O−H bond, which accelerates the subsequent *CO2 protonation kinetics and reduces the energy barrier. In the model electrolyte containing 5 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an additive (KCl-DMSO-5), the highest CO selectivity over Ag foil increased to 99.2 %, with FECO higher than 90.0 % within −0.75 to −1.15 V (vs. RHE). This molecular engineering strategy for cation solvation shell can be extended to other metal electrodes, such as Zn and Sn, and organic molecules like N,N-dimethylformamide.  相似文献   

17.
    
A series of Fe-modified CeO2 catalysts with nanoparticle, nanorod, nanocube and nano-octahedron morphologies were synthesized and applied for direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from CO2 and methanol. The Fe-modification shows a remarkably promoting effect on the formation of DMC over Fe-modified CeO2 nanorod. The DMC yield was improved from 0.202 to 2.568 mmol DMC per gcat by 2 %Fe-modification of CeO2 nanorod. A synergistic effect among the moderate acid-basic sites, specific surface area and surface composition resulted from Fe-modification was proposed to be crucial to obtaining the high reactivity of DMC formation.  相似文献   

18.
    
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a promising catalytic process for syngas production, utilizing and transforming CO2 to higher density compounds in view of circular economy. The performance of a bimetallic NiFe/MgAl2O4 strongly depends on the initial catalyst state – calcined, reduced or CO2-reoxidized – that corresponds to different structures and is for each state significantly improved by the addition of a low Rh concentration (∼1 wt%). In the bimetallic catalyst, reduction is required to form the most active phase, a Ni3Fe alloy, showing a CH4 consumption rate of 0.9 mol s−1 kgcat−1. For the trimetallic NiFeRh, the effect of the initial state is less pronounced, yielding a CH4 consumption rate of 2.4 mol s−1 kgcat−1 after CO2-reoxidation. Advanced characterization and modelling were used to gain insights in the trimetallic system and to systematically assess the role of each element. In NiFeRh, reduction leads to the formation of a trimetallic alloy. A subsequent CO2-reoxidation induces partial Fe segregation from the trimetallic alloy, leading to separate Fe3O4. The latter structure represents the most active state due to the double role that the trimetallic catalyst takes up after H2-reduction and CO2-reoxidation: improved activity due to highly dispersed NiRh and NiFe alloy particles and carbon removal due to Fe3O4 particles.  相似文献   

19.
Recent advances in the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are reviewed with an emphasis on the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a sole source of carbon. Compared to the most widely used carbon precursors such as graphite, methane, acetylene, ethanol, ethylene, and coal-derived hydrocarbons, CO2 is competitively cheaper with relatively high carbon yield content. However, CNT synthesis from CO2 is a newly emerging technology, and hence it needs to be explored further. A theoretical and analytical comparison of the currently existing CNT-CO2 synthesis techniques is given including a review of some of the process parameters (i.e., temperature, pressure, catalyst, etc.) that affect the CO2 reduction rate. Such analysis indicates that there is still a fundamental need to further explore the following aspects so as to realize the full potential of CO2 based CNT technology: (1) the CNT-CO2 synthesis and formation mechanism, (2) catalytic effects of transitional metals and mechanisms, (3) utilization of metallocenes in the CNT-CO2 reactions, (4) applicability of ferrite-organometallic compounds in the CNT-CO2 synthesis reactions, and (5) the effects of process parameters such as temperature, etc.  相似文献   

20.
    
Heterogeneous immobilized molecular catalysis has gained significant attention as a platform for creating more efficient and selective catalysts. A promising type of immobilized molecular catalysts are made from porous organic polymers (POPs) due to their high stability, porosity, and ability to mimic the catalytic activity and selectivity of homogeneous organometallic catalysts. These properties of the POP-based systems make them very attractive as heterogeneous catalysts for hydrogenation of CO2 to formate, where predominately homogeneous systems have been applied. In this study, five POPs were synthesized and assessed in the hydrogenation of CO2 where the active catalysts were made in-situ by mixing IrCl3 and the POPs. One of the Ir/POP catalysts provided a turn-over number (TON) >20,000, which is among the highest for POP-based systems. Thorough characterization (CO2- and N2-physisorption, TGA, CHN-analysis, XRD, XPS, SEM, STEM and TEM) was performed. Notably, the developed Ir/POP system also showed catalytic activity for the decomposition of formic acid into H2 enabling the use of formic acid as a renewable energy carrier.  相似文献   

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