White light generation through the zinc metaphosphate glass activated by Ce, Tb and Mn ions

The photoluminescence of Ce³⁺, Tb³⁺ and Mn²⁺ ions was investigated in the Zn(PO₃)₂ glass. The blue and green emissions of Tb³⁺ ions and the red emission of Mn²⁺ ions are enhanced upon UV excitation through a non-radiative energy transfer from Ce³⁺ to Tb³⁺ and Mn²⁺ ions. The efficiency of this transfer was estimated in at least 62%. It is demonstrated that this glass activated with three ions (Ce³⁺, Tb³⁺ and Mn²⁺) can generate white light emission (x=0.420 and y=0.423 chromaticity coordinates and 3440 K colour temperature) under excitation at 254 nm, i.e., using an AlGaN-based LED as excitation source.     

Energy transfer in Y3Al5O12:Ce, Pr and CaMoO4:Sm, Eu phosphors

Non-radiative energy transfers (ET) from Ce³⁺ to Pr³⁺ in Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺, Pr³⁺ and from Sm³⁺ to Eu³⁺ in CaMoO₄:Sm³⁺, Eu³⁺ are studied based on photoluminescence spectroscopy and fluorescence decay patterns. The result indicates an electric dipole-dipole interaction that governs ET in the LED phosphors. For Ce³⁺ concentration of 0.01 in YAG:Ce³⁺, Pr³⁺, the rate constant and critical distance are evaluated to be 4.5×10⁻³⁶ cm⁶ s⁻¹ and 0.81 nm, respectively. An increase in the red emission line of Pr³⁺ relative to the yellow emission band of Ce³⁺, on increasing Ce³⁺ concentration is observed. This behavior is attributed to the increase of spectral overlap integrals between Ce³⁺ emission and Pr³⁺ excitation due to the fact that the yellow band shifts to the red spectral side with increasing Ce³⁺ concentration. In CaMoO₄:Sm³⁺, Eu³⁺, Sm³⁺-Eu³⁺ transfer occurs from ⁴G_5/2 of Sm³⁺ to ⁵D₀ of Eu³⁺. The rate constant of 8.5×10⁻⁴⁰ cm⁶ s⁻¹ and the critical transfer distance of 0.89 nm are evaluated.     

Luminescence of Mn ions in Tb3Al5O12 garnet

The paper is dedicated to investigation of the Mn²⁺ luminescence in Tb₃Al₅O₁₂ (TbAG) garnet, as well as the processes of excitation energy transfer between host cations (Tb³⁺ ions) and activators (Mn²⁺ and Mn²⁺-Ce³⁺ pair ions) in single crystalline films of TbAG:Mn and TbAG:Mn,Ce garnets which can be considered as promising luminescent materials for conversion of LED's radiation. Due to the effective energy transfer between TbAG host and activator, Mn²⁺ ions in TbAG possess the bright orange luminescence in the bands peaked at 595 nm with a lifetime of 0.64 ms which are caused by the ⁴T₁→⁶A₁ radiative transitions. The simultaneous process of energy transfer is realized in TbAG:Mn,Ce: (i) from Tb³⁺ to Mn²⁺ ions; (ii) from Tb³⁺ cations to Ce³⁺ ions and then partly to Mn²⁺ ions through Tb³⁺ ion sublattice and Ce-Mn dipole-dipole interaction.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of Eu, Ce and Tb-activated Sr3La2(BO3)4 under UV excitation

The spectroscopic properties in UV-excitable range for the phosphors of Sr₃La₂(BO₃)₄:RE³⁺ (RE³⁺=Eu³⁺, Ce³⁺, Tb³⁺) were investigated. The phosphors were synthesized by conventional solid-state reactions. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra and commission international de I'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of Sr₃La₂(BO₃)₄:RE³⁺ were investigated. The f-d transitions of Eu³⁺, Ce³⁺ and Tb³⁺ in the host lattices are assumed and corroborated. The PL and PL excitation (PLE) spectra indicate that the main emission wavelength of Sr₃La₂(BO₃)₄:Eu³⁺ is 611 nm, and Sr₃La₂(BO₃)₄:Ce³⁺ shows dominating emission peak at 425 nm, while Sr₃La₂(BO₃)₄:Tb³⁺ displays green emission at 487, 542, 582 and 620 nm. These phosphors were prepared by simple solid-state reaction at 1000 °C. There are lower reactive temperature and more convenient than commercial phosphors. The Sr₃La₂(BO₃)₄:Tb³⁺ applied to cold cathode fluorescent lamp was found to emit green light and have a major peak wavelength at around 542 nm. These phosphors may provide a new kind of luminescent materials under ultraviolet excitation.     

Ba3Tb(BO3)3 ∶Ce3+:一种白光LED用绿色荧光粉

采用高温固相法合成了Ba₃Tb(BO₃)₃和Ba₃Tb(BO₃)₃ ∶Ce³⁺两种绿色荧光粉,并研究了材料的发光性质.Ba₃Tb(BO₃)₃材料呈多峰发射,发射峰位于439,493,547,589和629 nm,分别对应Tb³⁺的⁵D关键词： 白光LED 3Tb(BO₃)₃')" href="#">Ba₃Tb(BO₃)₃ 3+')" href="#">Ce³⁺ 发光特性     

Enhanced 1.53-μm and lowered upconversion luminescence in Er-doped Ga2O3-GeO2-Bi2O3-Na2O glass by codoping rare earths

Spectroscopic properties and energy transfer (ET) in Ga₂O₃-GeO₂-Bi₂O₃-Na₂O (GGBN, glass doped with Er³⁺ and rare earths (RE³⁺; RE³⁺=Ce³⁺, Tb³⁺) have been investigated. Intense 1.53-μm emission with the peak emission cross-section achieved to 7.58×10⁻²¹ cm² from Er³⁺-doped GGBN glass has been obtained upon excitation at 980 nm. Effects of RE³⁺ (RE³⁺=Ce³⁺, Tb³⁺) codoping on the optical properties of Er³⁺-doped GGBN glass have been investigated and the possible ET mechanisms involved have also been discussed. Significant enhancement of the 1.53 μm emission intensity and decrease of upconversion (UC) fluorescence with increasing Ce³⁺ concentration have been observed. The incorporation of Tb³⁺ into Er³⁺-doped GGBN glass could significantly decrease the UC emission intensity, but meanwhile decrease the 1.53 μm emission intensity due to the ET from Er³⁺:⁴I_13/2 to Tb³⁺:⁷F₂. The results indicate that the incorporation of Ce³⁺ into Er³⁺-doped GGBN glass can effectively improve 1.53-μm and lower UC luminescence, which makes GGBN glass more attractive for use in C-band optical fiber amplifiers.     

Low temperature quenching and high efficiency Tm, La or Tb co-doped CaSc2O4:Ce phosphors for light-emitting diodes

Low temperature quenching and high efficiency CaSc₂O₄:Ce³⁺ (CSO:Ce³⁺) phosphors co-doped with Tm³⁺, La³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions were prepared by a solid state method and the phase-forming, morphology, luminescence and application properties of these phosphors were investigated. The results showed that co-doping of Tm³⁺, La³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions can improve the luminescence properties and decrease temperature quenching of CSO:Ce³⁺ phosphor remarkably. High efficiency green-light-emitting diodes were fabricated with the prepared phosphors and InGaN blue-emitting (∼460 nm) chips. The good performances of the green-light-emitting LEDs made from co-doped CSO:Ce³⁺ phosphors confirm the luminescence enhancement and indicate that Tm³⁺, La³⁺ and Tb³⁺ co-doped CSO:Ce³⁺ phosphors are suitable candidates for the fabrication of high efficiency white LEDs.     

Effect of Eu,Tb codoping on the luminescent properties of Y2O3 nanorods

Red-emitting Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ and green-emitting Y₂O₃:Tb³⁺ and Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺ nanorods were synthesized by hydrothermal method. Their structure and micromorphology have been analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photoluminescence (PL) property of Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺,Tb³⁺ phosphor was investigated. In the same host (Y₂O₃), upon excitation with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, it is shown that there are strong emissions at around 610 and 545 nm corresponding to the forced electric dipole ⁵D₀-⁷F₂ transition of Eu³⁺ and ⁵D₄-⁷F₅ transition of Tb³⁺, respectively. Different qualities of Eu³⁺and Tb³⁺ ions are induced into the Y₂O₃ lattice. From the excitation spectrum, we speculate that there exists energy transfer from Tb³⁺ to Eu³⁺ ions .The emission color of powders reveals regular change in the separation of light emission. These powders can meet with the request of optical display material for different colors or can be potentially used as labels for biological molecules.     

Photoluminescence characterization of Ce and Dy doped Li2CaGeO4 phosphors

Ce³⁺ and Dy³⁺ activated Li₂CaGeO₄ phosphors were prepared by a solid-state reaction method, and characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction) and photoluminescence techniques. The characteristic emission bands of Dy³⁺ due to ⁴F_9/2→⁶H_15/2 (blue) and ⁴F_9/2→⁶H_13/2 (yellow) transitions were detected in the emission spectra of Li₂CaGeO₄:Dy³⁺. Ce³⁺ broad band emission was observed in Li₂CaGeO₄:Ce³⁺ phosphors at 372 and 400 nm due to 5d→4f transition when excited at 353 nm. Co-doping of Ce³⁺ enhanced the luminescence of Dy³⁺ significantly and concentration quenching occurs when Dy³⁺ is beyond 0.04 mol%. White-light with different hues can be realized by tuning Dy³⁺ concentration in the phosphors.     

Synthesis and characterization of Ce doped silica (SiO2) nanoparticles

A series of silica doped with different mol percentages of Ce³⁺ concentration was synthesized using a sol-gel method to determine the dependence of photoluminescence wavelengths and intensity on the concentrations of the dopants. Sol-gel glasses are porous networks that have been densified through chemical processing and heat treatment. Rare-earths (REs) are insoluble in silica; due to this insolubility RE ions in silicate glasses enter as network modifiers and compete for non-bridging oxygen in order to complete their coordination. The morphological, structural, thermal and optical properties of the phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis absorption, photoluminescence, thermogravimetric analyses and differential scanning calorimeter. Silica (SiO₂) gel containing Ce³⁺ ions was sputter coated with Au (gold) in order to monitor surface morphology of the samples. The highest emission intensity was found for the sample with a composition of 0.5 mol% Ce³⁺. Cerium doped silica glasses had broad blue emission corresponding to the ²D_3/2-²F_J transition at 448 nm but exhibited apparent concentration quenching above concentrations of 0.5 mol% Ce³⁺.     

Enhanced luminescence and degradation of SiO2:Ce,Tb powder phosphors prepared by a sol-gel process

Enhanced green photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence (CL) from Tb³⁺ ions due to co-doping with Ce³⁺ ions were observed from SiO₂:Ce,Tb powder phosphors prepared by a sol-gel technique. Blue emission from the Ce³⁺ ions was completely suppressed by Tb co-doping, presumably due to energy transfer from Ce³⁺ to Tb³⁺. In addition, the green CL intensity from SiO₂:Ce,Tb degraded by ∼50% when the powders were irradiated for 10 h with a 2 keV, 54 mA/cm² beam of electrons in an ultra-high vacuum chamber containing either 1×10⁻⁸ or 1×10⁻⁷ Torr O₂. Desorption of oxygen from the surface was observed during the decrease of CL intensity. The mechanisms for energy transfer from Ce³⁺ ions to Tb³⁺ ions to enhance the green luminescence, and mechanisms for desorption of oxygen from the phosphor surface that would result in decreased CL intensity are discussed.     

Effects of Ce on the spectroscopic properties of transparent phosphate glass ceramics co-doped with Er/Yb

We have prepared Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped transparent phosphate glass ceramics by the high-temperature melting technique, and demonstrated the influence of energy acceptors Ce³⁺ ions on the up-conversion and 1.54 μm emission properties of Er³⁺. The energy transfer mechanism is discussed based on the energy matching and the energy level structure. The phonon-assisted energy transfer between Er³⁺ and Ce³⁺ favors population feeding from the ⁴I_11/2 to the ⁴I_13/2 level, and therefore drastically decreases the up-conversion emission intensity of Er³⁺. Meanwhile, 1.54 μm fluorescence enhances greatly with the introduction of Ce³⁺ ions at the proper concentration.     

Ce3+对Er3+/Yb3+共掺氟磷酸盐玻璃光谱性质的影响

研究了能量接受离子Ce³⁺对Er³⁺上转换发光强度以及Er³⁺在1.5μm附近波段发光性能参数的影响，并从能量匹配及能级结构角度出发对Er³⁺/Ce³⁺间的能量转移机制进行了分析.分析认为，⁴I_11/2能级的Er³⁺通过无辐射能量转移把能量传递给²F_5/2能级的Ce³⁺关键词： 氟磷酸盐玻璃 光谱性质 光纤放大器 3+和Ce³⁺')" href="#">Er³⁺和Ce³⁺     

Green photoluminescence, but blue afterglow of Tb activated Sr4Al14O25

Tb³⁺ activated Sr₄Al₁₄O₂₅ phosphors were synthesized by the high temperature solid-state reaction. For the sample, the color of the photoluminescence (PL) was green, but that of the afterglow was blue. The spectral results indicated that the photoluminescence was mainly due to the transitions from ⁵D₄ to the ground energy levels of Tb³⁺ and obeyed the cross-relaxation mechanism; however, the afterglow was derived from the transitions from ⁵D₃ and independent with the concentration of Tb³⁺. This difference was attributed to the reason that the energy transfer process of cross-relaxation was halted by the traps during the period of afterglow.     

Processes of the excitation energy migration and transfer in Ce-doped alkali gadolinium phosphates studied with time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy technique

Spectral-kinetic characteristics of Gd³⁺ and Ce³⁺ luminescence from a series of Ce³⁺-doped alkali gadolinium phosphates of MGdP₄O₁₂ type (M=Li, Na, Cs) have been studied within 4.2-300 K temperature range using time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy techniques. The processes of energy migration along the Gd³⁺ sub-lattice and energy transfer between the Gd³⁺ and Ce³⁺ ions have been investigated. Peculiarities of these processes have been compared for MGdP₄O₁₂ phosphate hosts with different alkali metal ions. A contribution of different levels from the ⁶P_j multiplet of the lowest Gd³⁺ excited state into the energy migration and transfer processes has been clarified. The phonon-assisted occupation of high-energy ⁶P_{5/2, 3/2} levels by Gd³⁺ in the excited ⁶P_j state has been revealed as a shift of Gd³⁺⁶P_j→⁸S_7/2 emission into the short-wavelength spectral range upon the temperature increase. The relaxation of excited Gd³⁺ via phonon-assisted population of Gd³⁺⁶P_5/2 level (next higher one to the lowest excited ⁶P_7/2) is supposed to be responsible for the rise in probability of energy migration within the Gd³⁺ sub-lattice initiating the Gd³⁺→Ce³⁺ energy transfer at T<150 K, whereas further intensification of Gd³⁺→Ce³⁺ energy transfer at T>150 K is explained by the increase in probability of Gd³⁺ relaxation into the highest ⁶P_3/2 level of the ⁶P_j multiplet. An efficient reversed Ce³⁺→Gd³⁺ energy transfer has been revealed for the studied phosphates at 4.2 K.     

Low thermal quenching and high-efficiency Ce, Tb-co-doped Ca3Sc2Si3O12 green phosphor for white light-emitting diodes

Low thermal quenching and high-efficiency Ca₃Sc₂Si₃O₁₂:Ce³⁺ (CSSO:Ce³⁺) phosphors with co-doping Tb³⁺ ion were prepared by a solid state method and the properties of these phosphors were investigated. The results showed that co-doping of Tb³⁺ not only enhances the photoluminescence remarkably and decreases the thermal quenching of the phosphor, but also heightens the performances of the LEDs fabricated with the phosphor. A high-efficiency and low color temperature white LED was fabricated with the prepared CSSO:1%Ce³⁺, 0.5%Tb³⁺ and a red phosphor, indicating that CSSO:1%Ce³⁺,0.5%Tb³⁺ phosphor is a suitable green phosphor for the fabrication of high-efficiency white LEDs.     

Luminescence enhancement in (Nd+Ce) doped SiO2 : Al2O3 sol–gel glasses

An enhancement in NIR luminescence from Nd³⁺-doped Ce³⁺ co-doped SiO₂+Al₂O₃ sol–gel glasses has been observed. The lasing transition (⁴F_3/2→⁴I_11/2) at 1072 nm from the dual rare-earth Nd³⁺+Ce³⁺-doped glasses has shown an emission strength of about five times that of the single rare-earth ion Nd³⁺-doped glass. From the measurement of lifetimes of the transition at 1072 nm, the transfer rate (W_tr), critical distance (R₀) and energy transfer efficiency (η) of the neodymium glasses have been calculated.     

The effect of Mg ions on the photoluminescence of Ce-doped silica

In this paper, we report enhanced luminescence of Mg-co-doped silica gels, which were prepared by a sol-gel method. The total amount of Ce³⁺ ions was kept constant in this experiment at 0.5 mol% total doping. Structural, morphological, thermal, optical absorption and photoluminescence studies were employed. The XRD spectra show that all the samples are non-crystalline. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the particles were in nano-range and spherical in shape. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of samples depict that the presence of dopant and co-dopant decreases the endothermic peak temperature; while Ce³⁺ increase the yield, Mg²⁺ reduces it. UV analyses revealed that the presence of Ce³⁺ ions increases transmittance but lowers absorbance of annealed silica xerogels, while that of Mg²⁺ ions reduces transmittance but increases absorbance. Luminescence intensities were compared for different gels with and without Mg particles by varying the different concentrations of Mg. Silica containing Mg²⁺ ions had broad blue emission due to energy transfer from Mg²⁺ to Ce³⁺, which is due to radiative recombination. An increase in luminescence intensity was observed as the Mg²⁺ to Ce³⁺ ratio increased for the range investigated.     

A novel strong green phosphor： K3Gd（PO4）2：Ce^3＋, Tb^3＋ for a UV-excited white light-emitting-diode

A series of K3Gd1-x-y（PO4）2：xCe^3＋, yTb^3＋ phosphors are synthesized by the solid-sate reaction method. X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectra are utilized to characterize the structures and luminescence properties of the as-synthesized phosphors. Co-doping of Ce^3＋ enhances the emission intensity of Tb^3＋ greatly through an efficient energy transfer process from Ce^3＋ to Tb^3＋. The energy transfer is confirmed by photoluminescence spectra and decay time curves analysis. The efficiency and mechanism of energy transfer are investigated carefully. Moreover, due to the non- concentration quenching property of K3Tb（PO4）2, the photoluminescence spectra of K3Tb1-x（PO4）2：xCe^3＋ are studied and the results show that when x = 0.11 the strongest Tb^3＋ green emission can be realized.     

Fabrication, structure and luminescence properties of polycrystalline Tb-doped Lu2SiO5 films by Pechini sol–gel method

Tb³⁺-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (Tb:Lu₂SiO₅, LSO) films have been successfully fabricated on carefully cleaned silicon (1 1 1) substrates by Pechini sol–gel method combined with the spin-coating technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectra and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to characterize the resultant films. XRD patterns indicated that the films were crystallized into A-type LSO phase at 1000 °C, followed by a phase transition from A-type LSO to B-type LSO occurred at 1100 °C. The AFM observation revealed that the phosphor films were uniform and crack-free, consisting of closely packed grains with an average size of 200–300 nm. The PL spectra showed the characteristic emission ⁵D₄ → ⁷F_J (J = 3–6) for Tb³⁺, The lifetime of Tb³⁺ in Tb:LSO films was 2.33 ms. The effect of heat-treatment temperature on the luminescent properties was also investigated.