Polarization observablesΣ,P y,T 1 in the reaction\vec \gamma d \to \vec pn at photon energies between 200 and 600 MeV and dibaryon resonances

The polarization observables Σ,P _y ,T ₁,P _y ^⊥ ,P _y ^∥ are derived in proton polarization measurements of the \(\vec \gamma d \to \vec pn\) reaction, using a linearly polarized photon beam of energies between 300 and 600 MeV for c.m.s. proton emission angles of 90° and 120°. A multipole analysis is performed in the framework of the gauge-invariant pole model considering theγN→πN amplitudes and the deuteron structure without dibaryon resonances and with different sets of isovector and isoscalar dibaryon resonances. It is shown that the inclusion of dibaryon resonances substantially improves agreement with experimental data.     

Positive pion production from polarized protons by linearly polarized photons in the energy range 280–420 MeV

The method is described of measuring the polarization observables Σ, P and T for the reaction γp → nπ⁺ in a double polarization experiment (polarized target + polarized beam). The measured angular distribution of these observables are presented for the photon energy range 280–420 MeV at c.m. pion emission angles between 30° and 150°. The obtained experimental data are included in the energy-independent multipole analysis of the reactions γp → Nπ.     

Polarization of recoil protons from the reaction γp → π0p in the proton energy range 450–800 MeV

Measurement of secondary-proton polarization from the reaction γp → π⁰p have been performed in the proton energy range 500–800 MeV at c.m. pion emission angles 100°, 120°, 140°. The experiment was carried out using an optical spark chamber telescope at the output of the magnetic spectrometer. The obtained experimental data are included in a Walker-type analysis in order to verify the parameters of the resonances P₁₁(1470), D₁₃(1570) and S₁₁(1535). Proton polarization in the reaction γp → π⁰p was measured for a photon energy of 450 MeV at a c.m. pion emission angle of 105° using photons linearly polarized at 45° to the reaction plane. A liquid hydrogen target in the field of a superconducting magnet was used for the separation of the P_x′ and P_z′ components of the secondary-proton polarization vector.Data are obtained for three components (P_x′, P_y, P_z′) of the proton polarization. The obtained results are compared with predictions of different multipole analyses of photoproduction.     

Phase shift analysis of elastic proton scattering by12C

Angular distributions of the polarization and cross section in¹²C (p,p)¹²C were measured at 24 energies between 9.95 and 10.90 MeV. A phase shift analysis of the data was carried out. The results show four resonances in¹³N atE _x =11.40, 11.64, 11.67 and 11.82 MeV with spins 5/2⁺, 5/2^?, 3/2^? and 3/2⁺.     

Optimization studies of the CERN-ISOLDE neutron converter and fission target system

Pion- and photo-induced inelastic reactions off protons are studied in a multichannel partial-wave analysis. Properties of nucleon and ?? resonances are derived and compared to previous analyses. Amplitudes are shown for transitions to N??, ??K, and ??K final states.     

On the isotopic dependence of the mean spin-orbit field in nuclei

An analysis has been made of experimental data on level spectra, single-nucleon transfer reactions near closed shells, and data on the polarization effects in charge-exchange (p, n) reactions between isoanalog states of nuclei with even A. The analysis has allowed us to conclude that there is a significant difference between the spin-orbit splittings of neutrons and protons in identical orbitals. This conclusion is confirmed in a framework of different theoretical approaches.     

Polarization in backward elastic π+p scattering at 2.0, 3.5 and 4.0 GeV/c

Data on polarization in backward elastic π⁺p scattering at 2.0, 3.5 and 4.0 GeV/c are presented. The data at 2.0 GeV/c are compared with the result of a recent phase-shift analysis. Our data at 3.5 and 4.0 GeV/c, and existing data above 3 GeV/c, show no significant energy dependence of the polarization over the measured u-range. A comparison with Regge models and with results from amplitude analysis is made.     

Non-strange vector meson production in K−p interactions at 4.2 GeV/c

The vector meson production, hypercharge exchange reactions K^?p → (φ, ω, ?) Λ and (φ, ?) Σ⁰ are studied at 4.2 GeV/c incident momentum. The data come from a high statistics bubble chamber experiment with a sensitivity of ～ 120 events/μb. Total and differential cross sections are presented. The vector meson density matrix elements and hyperon polarization are investigated as functions of momentum transfer. Amplitude analyses are performed for all five reactions. The results are compared with duality and quark model predictions, as well as used to test current ideas in two-body phenomenology.     

Search for the P11Σ(1660) resonance in the reactions K− + p → Σ± + π∓ in the momentum range 597 to 888 MeVc

The reaction cross sections, differential cross sections and Σ ⁺ polarization for the reactions K^? + p → Σ^± + π^? at 8 momenta in the range 688 to 833 MeV/c were obtained. A partial-wave analysis was performed over the momentum range 597 to 888 MeV/c using the present data together with data in the neighboring momentum regions. A satisfactory solution was obtained with the well-established S₀₁ Λ(1670), D₀₃ Λ(1690) and D₁₃ Σ(1670) resonances. The addition of a P₁₁ resonance with a mass, width, and branching ratio of 1665 MeV/c², 82 MeV/c² and ?0.13 improved the χ² per degree of freedom by an insignificant amount, indicating that the coupling of the p¹¹Σ(1660) to the Σ^±ν^? channels is at best marginal.     

Measurement of the polarization in backward-angle π−p elastic scattering at 2.93 and 3.25 GeV/c

Polarization in π^?p elastic scattering, with emphasis over the backward region, has been measured at 2.93 and 3.25 GeV/c. We observe large changes in polarization compared with existing data above and below these energies. Our data may be useful in determining the properties of resonances and in understanding baryon exchanges.     

Erratum to: Dilepton production in proton-induced reactions at SIS energies with the GiBUU transport model

We present dilepton spectra from p + p , d + p and p + Nb reactions at SIS energies, which were simulated with the GiBUU transport model in a resonance model approach. These spectra are compared to the data published by the HADES and DLS Collaborations. It is shown that the ?? spectral function includes non-trivial effects already in elementary reactions, due to production via baryon resonances, which can yield large contributions to the dilepton spectrum. Dilepton spectra from nuclear reactions in the energy range of the HADES experiment are thus found to be sensitive also to properties of nucleon resonances in the nuclear medium.     

Excitation of giant multipole resonancesL=1,2 and 3 in the16O(p,2p) reaction

The¹⁶O(p,2p) quasi elastic reaction at 45 MeV is investigated in the framework of the antisymmetrized distorted wave approximation (DWA). The inclusion of a direct and exchange two step core polarization mechanism, virtually exciting giant multipole resonances was consistently applied as in the (p, p′) non normal parity transition of¹⁶O. Thus utilizing the same renormalized effective two nucleont-matrix as in the inelastic transition a good fit to the data was obtained. It is suggested by the present analyses that corepolarization must be fully included for (p, 2p) like for inelastic scattering in the intermediate energy range.     

On the properties of charge-exchange dipole excitations and the T > component of a giant dipole resonance in spherical nuclei

Within the semimicroscopic approach based on the random-phase approximation that takes exactly into account a single-particle continuum and on a phenomenological inclusion of the fragmentation effect, it is proposed to describe the strength functions for charge-exchange giant dipole resonances and cross sections for photoabsorption and for partial “direct + semidirect” (γ, p) reactions in the vicinity of a giant E1 resonance with allowance for the isospin-splitting effect. The results of the calculations performed for some magic and semimagic nuclei without resort to free parameters are compared with available experimental data.     

Spectroscopy of the heavy resonances ρ′, ρ″, ω′ and ω″

The spectroscopy of the isovector resonances ρ′ and ρ″ and the isoscalar resonances ω′ and ω″ is considered on the basis of their masses and coupling constants extracted from data on e ⁺ e ^? annihilation, τ-lepton decays, and the reaction K ^? p → π ⁺ π ^?Λ. The total widths of these resonances and the branching fractions for their decay modes are calculated. It is argued that the shift of the apparent position of the peak in the energy dependence of the cross section with respect to the bare mass is significant for broad resonances. The results are compared with the predictions of available models for the ρ′, ρ″, ω′, and ω″ resonances.     

Exclusive electroproduction of K+Λ and K+Σ0 final states at Q2 = 0.030–0.055 (GeV/c)2

Cross-section measurements of the exclusive p(e, e??K ⁺)??, ?? ⁰electroproduction reactions have been performed at the Mainz Microtron MAMI in the A1 spectrometer facility using for the first time the KAOS spectrometer for kaon detection. These processes were studied in a kinematical region not covered by any previous experiment. The nucleon was probed in its third-resonance region with virtual photons of low four-momenta, Q ² = 0.030?C0.055 (GeV/c)². The MAMI data indicate a smooth transition in Q² from photoproduction to electroproduction cross-sections. Comparison with predictions of effective Lagrangian models based on the isobar approach reveal that strong longitudinal couplings of the virtual photon to the N^* resonances can be excluded from these models. Modern isobar and Regge-plus-resonance models are in agreement with the data.     

Nuclear viscosity and widths of giant resonances

We write down a set of coupled hydrodynamic equations of the Navier-Stokes type which describe the motion of two compressible, viscous nuclear fluids. The solutions of these equations give rise to giant resonances of both isoscalar and isovector type. The viscosity terms in the equations are responsible for the damping of these resonances. Within this framework we obtain expressions for the width of the resonances as a function of the mass number A, and relations between the widths and the excitation energies for various multipolarities (J = 0⁺, 1^?, 2⁺, 3^?, 4⁺), and isospins (T = 0,1). The A dependence of the calculated widths exhibit the experimental trends of the giant dipole and isoscalar quadrupole widths. Also, as a result of the calculation we obtain estimates of the values of viscosity coefficients in nuclei.     

Polarization in K+n charge exchange scattering between 0.851 GeV/c and 1.351 GeV/c

The polarization parameter for K⁺n charge exchange scattering has been measured at five momenta between 0.851 GeV/c and 1.351 GeV/c for centre of mass angles $\text{?0.8 <}\text{cos}\text{θ}{}^1\text{< 0.8}$. Results from a phase shift analysis incorporating these results are presented. No Z¹ resonances are observed.     

Strange and non-strange baryon production in π+ p andK + p interactions at 250 GeV/c

We present data on the production of the baryons Λ, \(\bar \Lambda \) ,p and of the baryon resonances Σ^*+ (1385) and Δ⁺⁺ (1232) inK ⁺ p and π⁺ p interactions at 250 GeV/c. Results are given on total and semi-inclusive cross sections, Feynman-x spectra, transverse momentum distributions and Λ polarization. The data are compared with measurements at lower energies, with deep inclastic lepton nucleon data and with predictions of quark-parton models. The models underestimate Λ production in the central c.m. region, a feature also seen in recent heavy-ion data. This failure can be cured in JETSET 6.3 by adjustment of the di-quark break-up probability.