By using acetone‐water as the medium and potassium persulfate (KFS) as the initiator, emulsifier‐free emulsion co‐polymerization of styrene with co‐monomers: MMA, BMA, EA and BDA under microwave irradiation has been investigated. The influence of the each co‐monomer content and hydrophilicity on the hydrodynamic radius Rh of the synthesized copolymer nanoparticles is discussed in detail. The results show mat the increase in ratio of hydrophilic copolymer causes an increase in consumption of the initiator in the initiation reaction, so an increase in the concentration of the surface ? OSO3 groups which cause the increase in the stability of the latex and gives rise to the formation of smaller micelles. The nano‐particle radius will increase again when the co‐monomer content increases to a certain degree. The curve of the particle hydrodynamic radius vs the co‐monomer content has a minimum point. 相似文献
Polystyrene (PSt) seed latex was first prepared via soap‐free emulsion polymerization in the presence of a small amount of methacrylic acid using ammonium persulfate as initiator, and then seeded emulsion polymerization of sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate (NaSS) and St was carried out to synthesize P(St‐NaSS) core latex using 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. After that, P(St‐NaSS)/CaCO3 core‐shell nanoparticles were fabricated by sequentially introducing Ca(OH)2 aqueous solution and CO2 gas into the core latex. The morphology of the core and core‐shell nanoparticles was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the state of CaCO3 shell was confirmed with high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscope (HR‐STEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Results showed that PNaSS chains were successfully grafted onto the PSt seed surface, and length of the PNaSS "hairs" could be modulated by adjusting NaSS amount. Sulfonic groups of the PNaSS hairs served as additives in the formation and stabilization of amorphous CaCO3(ACC) and prevented ACC from sequent transformation into crystalline states. The amount of the anchored CaCO3 increased with the growth of PNaSS hair length, and reached 51 wt% (by thermalgravimetric analysis) under the optimal encapsulating temperature of 45°C. Moreover, the forming mechanism of P(St‐NaSS)/CaCO3 core‐shell nanoparticles was proposed. 相似文献
Summary: Fully linear polyethylene‐based latexes have been prepared by the hydrogenation of polybuta‐1,4‐diene dispersions. The latter were synthesized via dispersion ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of cycloocta‐1,5‐diene, and hydrogenated using RuCl2(PPh3)3 as catalyst, without any further treatment. A high hydrogenation efficiency was achieved as demonstrated by different techniques including DSC, and 1H NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The hydrogenation process could be carried out without detrimental effect on particle size and colloidal stability as evidenced by optical microscopy and light scattering analysis.
Optical microscopy photograph of a polybutadiene‐based dispersion after hydrogenation. No change in size is observed. 相似文献
The effect of the polymerizable surfactant, sodium dodecyl allyl sulfosuccinate (JS-2), on the stability of polybutyl acrylate
latex particles during semibatch emulsion polymerization was investigated in this work. Experimental data show that the ionic
strength is the most important parameter in determining the latex stability during the reaction. Both the amount of coagulum
produced by intensive coagulation and percentage of the particle volume change (ΔV) caused by limited flocculation increase with increasing electrolyte concentration. The parameter Δ V increases significantly when the concentration of JS-2 in the initial reactor charge ([JS-2]i) increases. The amount of coagulum increases rapidly when the agitation speed is increased from 400 to 800 rpm. Experiments
of coagulation kinetics were carried out to study the stability of latex products toward added salts. The experimental data
show that the chemical stability of the latex product increases with increasing pH. Furthermore, the critical coagulation
concentration and diffuse potential increase with increasing [JS-2]i. It is postulated that the increasing electrostatic attraction force between two approaching particles due to the increased
[JS-2] i can increase the apparent magnitude of Hamaker constant. 相似文献
Cationic poly(styrene-co-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (P(St-co-DMAEMA)) latexes were prepared in the absence of surfactant by using 2,2’ -azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AIBA) as the initiator. The effects of the AIBA concentration, HCl/DMAEMA molar ratio and DMAEMA amount on the emulsion polymerization and the latex properties were investigated. The particle morphology and size, the zeta potential and the amino distribution of the P(St-co-DMAEMA) latexes were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and conductometric titration, respectively. Results showed that the emulsion polymerization performed smoothly with high monomer conversion and narrow particle size distribution under the optimized conditions with AIBA concentration of 1 wt%, HCl/DMAEMA molar ratio of 1.2 and DMAEMA content of 5 wt%. The diameter of the dried latex particles decreased and the density of amino groups on the particle surfaces increased with increasing the DMAEMA content. The zeta potential of the P(St-co-DMAEMA) latexes was pH-dependent and the zero point was around at pH 7.2. A facile method was developed to fabricate P(St-co-DMAEMA)/laponite hybrid nanoparticles via electrostatic adsorption, in which the loading capacity of laponite platelets reached 17.7 wt%, and the resultant hybrid nanoparticles showed good thermal stability. 相似文献
Summary: Hydrogenated acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber is a high‐performance elastomer that has found important applications in the automobile industry and petroleum fields. A new catalytic process has been investigated for producing hydrogenated acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber by direct hydrogenation of the rubber in latex form using RhCl(PPh3)3 as catalyst. The reactions were achieved without the addition of any organic solvents. This is the first time that the direct catalytic hydrogenation of an acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber latex has been successfully realized in the absence of any organic solvent with a conversion of higher than 95% without cross‐linking of the polymer.
Effect of RhCl(PPh3)3/acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber ratio on hydrogenation. 相似文献
Polystyrene/silica composite nanoparticles were synthesized via precipitation and emulsion polymerization methods, in the presence of a basic co‐monomer (e.g., 4‐VP and 1‐VID), and a colloidal aqueous silica solution. The effects of key process parameters, that is, solvent type, monomer/co‐monomer volume ratio and total monomers concentration for precipitation polymerization, and reaction temperature, pH value, initial silica‐sol concentration and initial monomer/co‐monomer molar ratio for emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization on the particle morphology, silica content, and particle size distribution of the composite nanoparticles were experimentally investigated. Stable, spherical, and uniform in size composite nanoparticles were synthesized by both techniques. The average particle diameter varied from 108 to 182 nm for the emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization and from 400 to 800 nm for the precipitation polymerization, while the silica content was as high as 38.3 wt.‐% for the former method and up to 15.5 wt.‐% for the later. The synthesized composite polymer/silica particles were then electrolytically co‐deposited with zinc on steel plates to improve the corrosion resistance of the metal's surface.
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are renewable, nontoxic and naturally available organic nanoparticles derived from cellulosic resources such as cotton and wood pulp. Poly(n‐butyl acrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate)/CNC latexes are successfully synthesized via in situ emulsion polymerization. The effect of CNC loading on overall conversion, polymer particle size, glass transition temperature (Tg), gel content, latex viscosity, and storage and loss moduli of dried latex are studied. While the effect of CNC content on overall conversion, polymer particle size, and Tg of the resulting latexes is negligible, significant increase in gel content, latex viscosity, and storage and loss moduli are observed.