Volumetric Properties of Difurylmethane in Methanol from 288.15 to 308.15 K

The densities of binary systems of difurylmethane (DFM) in methanol have been measured with an Anton Parr DMA 4500 vibrating-tube densimeter over the entire composition range at intervals of 5 K in the temperature range between 288.15 and 308.15 K. Excess molar volumes of the mixture, apparent molar volumes of DFM, and excess partial molar volumes of both components have been calculated to provide insight into the intermolecular interaction present in the mixtures investigated. Excess molar volumes have been fitted to a Redlich–Kister equation and they exhibited negative deviations from ideal behavior. Both the apparent molar volume of DFM and excess partial molar volumes of DFM and methanol exhibit a dependence on composition but are less sensitive to temperature.     

Densities of solutions of four fluoroalcohols in water

Densities of aqueous solutions of four fluoroalcohols have been measured. Apparent and partial molar volumes of the alcoholic components and the excess volumes of mixing have been calculated, and are compared with the corresponding results for alkanols. A linear correlation exists between the volumes and heat capacities of transfer of alcohols from the pure liquids to aqueous solution at infinite dilution. The lines differ for alkanols and fluoroalcohols. Solute-solvent interactions involving fluoroalcohols and water and involving alkanols and water have a different influence on the structural organization of water molecules adjacent to the alcohol solute.     

Excess volumes and viscosity of water—sulfolane mixtures at 30, 40 and 50°C

Densities and viscosities of water—sulfolane mixtures have been measured at 30, 40 and 50°C over the whole mole fraction range. From density data apparent molar volumes of both components and deviations from ideal volumes of mixing have been evaluated at the three temperatures. From viscosity data activation parameters of viscous flow have been computed. Data obtained seem to confirm that sulfolane acts as a structure-breaker to water even at low concentrations.     

Excess and apparent molar volumes of mixtures of water and acetonitrile between 0 and 25°C

From densities measured at 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 25°C of mixtures of water and acetonitrile, the excess molar volumes and the apparent and partial molar volumes of both components have been derived as a function of mixture composition. Contrary to results on enthalpies of solution in mixtures of water and acetonitrile, the values obtained do not show substantial changes around 0.7 mole fraction of water. At this composition and at low temperatures, the excess molar volumes exhibit a rather flat minimum and the apparent and partial molar volumes of water show an inflection.     

Volumes and heat capacities of mixtures of dimethylformamide with several dialkylacetamides

Densities and heat capacities per unit volume of binary mixtures of dimethylformamide and a series of di-n-alkylacetamides have been measured and converted into excess molar volumes and heat capacities of the mixtures. In addition, the apparent and partial molar volumes and heat capacities of the various components have been evaluated. They vary smoothly with the mole fraction. The apparent molar heat capacities in the mixtures depend linearly on volume fraction, so that the partial molar heat capacities can be described using only one parameter for each mixture.     

Thermodynamic behaviour of some glycol—water mixtures. Excess and partial volumes

Densities of water—glycol (mono- di-, tri- and tetraethyleneglycol) mixtures have been measured over the entire composition range at 298. 15 K. Mixtures involving monoethyleneglycol (MEG) have also been studied at different temperatures from 308.15 to 288.15 K. Deviations, V^E, from ideal volumes of mixing have been calculated: negative values are observed for all systems. They increase with the number of ether functions present in the organic molecule; a slight dependence of V^E towards temperature has been shown in the water—MEG mixtures. Partial molal volumes have also been calculated for both components of each system; they exhibit an extremum in the water-rich region.     

To the issue of temperature-dependent behavior of standard molar volumes of components in the binary system (water + tetrahydrofuran) at ambient pressure

This report presents a comparative analysis of temperature-dependent data on density of both dilute aqueous solutions of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dilute solutions of water in THF, as well as standard molar volumes of water or THF as a solute. For this purpose, new results on studying the volume-related properties of THF in a water-rich region at temperatures from (278.15 to 318.15) K, with a step of 5 K, and at the ambient pressure have been derived densimetrically. In discussion, some comments on previously published investigations, being related to temperature-dependent changes in the solution density and standard molar volumes of components of the system (water + THF), have been made.     

Liquid Solution Densities of Ternary-Pseudobinary Mixtures of (Benzene + Cyclohexane) in the Presence of Tetrachloromethane or <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Hexane

Densities have been obtained as a function of composition for ternary-pseudobinary mixtures of [(benzene + tetrachloromethane or n-hexane) + (cyclohexane + tetrachloromethane or n-hexane)] at atmospheric pressure and the temperature 298.15 K, by means of a vibrating-tube densimeter. Excess molar volumes, V_m^E, partial molar volumes and excess partial molar volumes were calculated from the density data. The values of V_m^E have been correlated using the Redlich–Kister equation and the coefficients and standard errors were estimated. The experimental and calculated quantities are used to discuss the mixing behavior of the components. The results show that the third component, CCl₄ or n-C₆H₁₄, have quite different influences on the volumetric properties of binary liquid mixtures of benzene with cyclohexane.     

Volumetric properties of the binary mixture <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-heptane+ethylbenzene mixtures at high temperatures and high pressures

New experimental data on the density of three (0.2393, 0.4856 and 0.7390 mole fraction of ethylbenzene) binary n-heptane+ethylbenzene mixtures have been measured with a constant-volume piezometer immersed in a precision liquid thermostat. These new experimental data covering a temperature range from 306 to 527 K and a pressure range of 0.1 to 11 MPa. The experimental data reported here have an uncertainty less than 0.06% for the density, 0.05% for the pressure, 15 mK for the temperature, and 0.012% for the concentration. Excess molar volumes were derived using measured values of density for the mixtures and for the pure components calculated with reference equation of state for n-heptane (Span and Wagner, 2003) and for the pure ethylbenzene (Frenkel et al., 2005). The derived values of excess molar volumes at atmospheric pressure were compared with the values reported by other authors in the literature. The effect of pressure on the excess molar volumes was studied.     

丝氨酸在葡萄糖-水和蔗糖-水混合溶剂中的体积性质

利用精密数字密度计测定了丝氨酸与不同组成的葡萄糖-水、蔗糖-水混合溶剂构成的三元系溶液的密度，计算了丝氨酸的表观摩尔体积、极限偏摩尔体积和理论水化数.根据结构水合作用模型讨论了迁移偏摩尔体积的变化规律，并与乙二醇-水和丙三醇-水等多羟基体系作了比较.结果表明，丝氨酸分子在多羟基化合物-水体系中增体积效应的大小与多羟基化合物所含OH基数目的多少有关.     

甘氨酸在葡萄糖-水和蔗糖-水混合溶剂中的体积性质

利用精密数字密度计测定了甘氨酸与不同组成葡萄糖-水、蔗糖、水混合溶剂 构成的三元系溶液的密度,计算了甘氨酸的表观摩尔体积、极限偏摩尔体积和理论 水化数,根据结构水合作用模型讨论了迁移偏摩尔体积的变化规律,并与乙二醇- 水和丙三醇-水等多羟基体系作了比较。结果表明,甘氨酸分子在多羟基化合物-水 体系中增体积效应的大小与多羟基化合物所含OH基数的多少有关。     

Biological Sample Injection for Open Tubular Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Two injection procedures for open tubular liquid chromatography have been evaluated for their ability to directly sample biological components in minute volumes of body fluids. The techniques provided R.S.D.s in peak heights of less than 12% for injections of low nL volumes of human serum spiked with a test compound. A dynamically modified open tubular column was employed to separate the anti-tumor drug doxorubicin hydrochloride and two of its metabolites.     

氯苯甲酸钠在DMF-水混合溶剂中的体积性质研究

DMF是分子间没有氢键形成的分子量最小的酰胺[1],在化学、化工领域应用广泛．本文对苯甲酸钠及o－,m－,p-氯苯甲酸钠在DMF-水混合溶剂中的体积性质进行研究,讨论了溶剂效应和取代基效应对溶质-溶剂相互作用的影响．1实验部分1．1试剂苯甲酸及NaOH为分析纯试剂;o－,m－,p-氯苯甲酸（分析纯）均经乙醇一水重结晶,干燥后备从DMF为分析纯;水为二次重蒸水．对应钠盐溶液按文献［2」方法配制,其它溶液由此溶液逐级稀释而成．DMF一水混合溶剂用称量法配制,DMF的质量分数为10％～80％．1．2仪器混合物密度用AntonPaarDMA55型精…     

甘氨酸在多元醇-水混合溶剂中的体积性质

利用精密数字密度计测定了甘氨酸分别在不同组成的乙二醇 水和丙三醇 水混合溶剂中的密度,计算了甘氨酸的表观摩尔体积、极限偏摩尔体积和理论水化数.根据结构水合作用模型讨论了迁移偏摩尔体积的变化规律,并与乙醇 水体系作了比较. 结果表明,甘氨酸分子在醇 水混合溶剂中增体积效应的大小与醇分子所含OH基数目的多少有关,但最直接也是最重要的影响因素是其水合壳层的结构形态. 乙醇 水体系中的增体积效应特别显著与该溶剂结构变化上的微观不均匀性和不连续性有关.     

Calorimetric Studies and Structural Aspects of Ionic Liquids in Designing Sorption Materials for Thermal Energy Storage

The thermal properties of a series of twenty‐four ionic liquids (ILs) have been determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) with the aim of simulating processes involving water sorption. For eleven water‐free ILs, the molecular structures have been determined by X‐ray crystallography in the solid state, which have been used to derive the molecular volumes of the ionic components of the ILs. Moreover, the structures reveal a high prevalence of hydrogen bonding in these compounds. A relationship between the molecular volumes and the experimentally determined energies of dilution could be established. The highest energies of dilution observed in this series were obtained for the acetate‐based ILs, which underlines their potential as working fluids in sorption‐based thermal energy storage systems.     

Ideal and non-ideal behaviour of {1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolydinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide + γ-butyrolactone} binary mixtures

Density, electrical conductivity and viscosity of binary liquid mixtures of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolydinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [bmpyrr][NTf₂], with γ-butyrolactone (GBL) were measured at temperatures from (293.15 to 323.15) K and at atmospheric pressure over the whole composition range. Excess molar volumes have been calculated from the experimental densities and fitted with the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation. These values are positive over the whole range of ionic liquid mole fraction and at all temperatures. In the range between 0.55 and 0.6 [bmpyrr][NTf₂] mole fraction, an ideal behaviour of the ionic liquid mixture with molecular solvent was observed for the first time. Other volumetric properties, such as isobaric thermal expansion coefficients, partial molar volumes and partial molar volumes at infinite dilution have been also calculated, in order to obtain information about interactions between GBL and selected ionic liquid. Positive values of these properties for both components also indicate weaker interactions between GBL and IL compared to the pure components. From the viscosity results, the Angell strength parameter was calculated and found to be 3.24 indicating that [bmpyrr][NTf₂] is a “fragile” liquid. From the volumetric and transport properties obtained, formation of the [bmpyrr]⁺ micellar structures was also discussed. All the results are compared to those obtained for imidazolium-based ionic liquid with GBL.     

Volumetric and viscosity properties of {propyl propanoate (1) + heptane (or octane) (2)} mixtures at several temperatures and correlation with the Jouyban–Acree model

Densities and viscosities of binary liquid mixtures of propyl propanoate + heptane and propyl propanoate + octane at temperatures of 278.15, 283.15, 288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, 318.15 and 323.15 K have been measured at atmospheric pressure over the entire range of composition. Using these experimental data, the excess molar volumes and the viscosity deviation have been calculated. The experimental data of density and viscosity at different investigated temperatures were mathematically represented by the Jouyban–Acree model. The mean relative deviation (MRD) was used as an error criterion, and the MRD values for data correlation of density and viscosity at different investigated temperatures are less than 0.03% and 0.50%, respectively. Excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations were correlated with Redlich–Kister equation. The calculated data point out the absence of speci?c interactions between the molecules of different components, which would be slightly weaker compared to the interactions in the pure components.     

L-丝氨酸在正丙醇-水混合溶剂中的体积性质

应用精密数字密度计测定了298.15 K时不同组成的L-丝氨酸-正丙醇-水体系的密度, 计算丝氨酸的表观摩尔体积、极限偏摩尔体积、迁移偏摩尔体积和水化数. 根据结构水合作用模型讨论了迁移偏摩尔体积和水化数的变化规律. 结果表明, 丝氨酸两性离子部分和亲水侧链与正丙醇羟基间的相互作用对其迁移体积有正贡献, 且占主导地位. 丝氨酸在正丙醇-水混合溶剂中的迁移偏摩尔体积为正值, 且随醇浓度的增大而增大. 丝氨酸在正丙醇-水混合溶剂中的水化数随溶液中醇浓度的增加而减小.     

Topological investigations of molar excess volumes of quinoline with alkanols

Excess volumes V ^E of binary liquid mixtures of quinoline with alkanols have been determined from densities at 30°C as a function of composition. The excess volumes are negative over the whole mole fraction range for all the mixtures and decrease with increasing length of alkanol (C₁–C₁₀). The V^E data have been analyzed in terms of an approach which uses graph theoretical connectivity parameters of the third degrees for two components. The analysis gives information regarding associated species in the pure state and in the mixture. It is suggested that, in the mixture state, no change occurs in the association of alkanols.     

L-丝氨酸在丙二醇-水和丁二醇-水混合溶剂中的体积性质

利用精密数字密度计测定了L-丝氨酸分别在不同组成的1,2-丙二醇-水和1,2-丁二醇-水混合溶剂中的密度, 计算了丝氨酸的表观摩尔体积、极限偏摩尔体积、迁移偏摩尔体积和理论水化数. 根据结构水合作用模型讨论了迁移偏摩尔体积和理论水化数的变化规律. 结果表明, 丝氨酸两性离子头基和亲水侧链与醇分子中—OH基团间的相互作用占主导地位, 导致丝氨酸在醇-水混合溶剂中的迁移偏摩尔体积为正值; 此外, 这种亲水相互作用削弱了丝氨酸带电中心对周围水分子的电致收缩效应, 造成了水化数的减小.