Cyclic M（S02） （M=Zn,Cd） and its Anions： Matrix Infrared Spectra and DFT Calculations

Reaction of laser ablated zinc and cadmium atoms with SO2 molecules was studied by low temperature matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy. Cyclic M（SO2） and anion M（SO2）-（M=Zn, Cd） were produced in excess argon and neon, which were identified by 34SO2 and S18O2 isotopic substitutions. The observed infrared spectra and molecular structures were confirmed by density functional theoretical calculations. Natural charge distributions indicated significant electron transfer from s orbitals of zinc or cadmium metal atom to S02 ligand and cyclic M（SO2） complexes favored ＂ion pair＂ M＋（SO2）-formation, which were trapped in low temperature matrices. In addition Zn-O or Cd-O bond in M（SO2） exhibited strong polarized covalent character. Reaction of Hg atom with SO2 was also investigated, but no reaction product was observed, due to the relativistic effect that resulted in the contraction of 6s valence shell and high ionization potential of Hg atom.     

Hydrogen and dihydrogen bonding of transition metal hydrides

Intermolecular interactions between a prototypical transition metal hydride WH(CO)₂NO(PH₃)₂ and a small proton donor H₂O have been studied using DFT methodology. The hydride, nitrosyl and carbonyl ligand have been considered as site of protonation. Further, DFT-D calculations in which empirical corrections for the dispersion energy are included, have been carried out. A variety of pure and hybrid density functionals (BP86, PW91, PBE, BLYP, OLYP, B3LYP, B1PW91, PBE0, X3LYP) have been considered, and our calculations indicate the PBE functional and its hybrid variation are well suited for the calculation of transition metal hydride hydrogen and dihydrogen bonding. Dispersive interactions make up for a sizeable portion of the intermolecular interaction, and amount to 20–30% of the bond energy and to 30–40% of the bond enthalpy. An energy decomposition analysis reveals that the H?H bond of transition metal hydrides contains both covalent and electrostatic contributions.     

Transition metal clusters and supported species with metal-carbon bonds from first-principles quantum chemistry

We discuss the impact of density functional electronic structure calculations for understanding the organometallic chemistry of transition metal (TM) surface complexes and clusters. Examples will cover three types of systems, mainly of interest in the context of heterogeneous catalysis: (i) supported carbonyl complexes of rhenium on MgO and of rhodium in zeolites, (ii) TM clusters with CO ligands and adsorbates, and (iii) metal clusters exhibiting chemical bonds with atomic carbon. The first group of case studies promotes the concept that surface groups of oxide supports are bonded to TM complexes in the same way as common (poly-dentate) ligands are bonded in coordination compounds. The second group of examples demonstrates various “ligand effects” of TM clusters. Finally, we illustrate how carbido centers stabilize TM clusters and modify the propensity for adsorption at the surface of such clusters.     

Clustering and activation in reactions of CoCp with hydrogen and methane

Gas-phase clustering reactions of CoCp⁺ with H₂ and with CH₄ were investigated using temperature-dependent equilibrium experiments. In both systems, the CoCp⁺ ion was found to form strong interactions with two ligands. The first and second H₂ groups cluster to CoCp⁺ with bond energies of 16.2 and 16.8 kcal/mol, respectively, while the first and second CH₄ groups cluster to CoCp⁺ with bond energies of 24.1 and 12.1 kcal/mol, respectively. These bond energies are in good agreement with those determined by density functional theory (DFT). Molecular geometries for the four clusters determined with DFT are also presented. Weak experimental bond energies of 0.9 kcal/mol for the third H₂ and 2.2 kcal/mol for the third CH₄ clustering to CoCp⁺ suggest these ligands occupy the second solvation shell of the ion. In addition to clustering in the methane system, H₂-elimination from CoCp(CH₄)₂⁺ was observed. The mechanism for this reaction was investigated by collision-induced dissociation experiments and DFT, which suggest the predominate H₂-elimination product is (c-C₅H₆)Co⁺---C₂H₅. Theory indicates that dehydrogenation requires the active participation of the Cp ring in the mechanism. Transfer of H and CH₃ groups to the C₅-ring ligand allows the metal center to avoid the high-energy Co(IV) oxidation state required when it forms two covalent bonds in addition to its interaction with a C₅-ring ligand.     

Sc,Ti,V修饰B/N掺杂单缺陷石墨烯的储氢研究

3d过渡金属修饰是改善石墨烯储氢性能的最有效途径, 但仍存在金属团聚和H₂解离导致难以脱附的问题. 提出了B/N掺杂单缺陷石墨烯(BMG/NMG)的策略来避免以上两个问题. 密度泛函理论计算结果表明, N掺杂可以使Sc, Ti, V与石墨烯的结合能提高3~4倍, B掺杂可以将Sc与石墨烯的结合能提高3倍. Sc/BMG和Sc/NMG吸附的第一个H₂不会解离. Sc/BMG中Sc吸附5个H₂, 平均氢分子结合能为-0.18～-0.43 eV, 并且可以通过在同侧锚定多个Sc原子形成Sc/C₃B₂五元环增加H₂吸附位点. Sc/NMG中每个Sc吸附6个H₂, 平均氢分子结合能为-0.17～-0.29 eV, 还可以通过在异侧修饰形成Sc/N₃/Sc单元进一步提高储氢能力. 研究结果将为设计基于3d过渡金属修饰碳材料的储氢材料提供理论基础.     

过渡金属离子与烷烃反应机理的理论研究——镍离子( 2D)与丙烷反应中氢分子的还原消除机理

以Ni⁺与C₃H₈反应作为过渡金属离子与烷烃反应的范例体系,用B₃LYP密度泛函方法计算了[Ni,C₃,H₈]⁺基态势能面上各驻点的构型、频率和能量,结果表明,该反应的H₂分子消除需经历两个基元步骤,即Ni⁺首先插入一级或二级C-H键,然后经H转移过渡态异构化为较稳定的中间体,继而解离产生H₂分子.计算的反应热为142.28kJ/mol,与相应的实验值(127.85kJ/mol)符合较好.     

Coordination of niobium and tantalum oxides by Ar, Xe and O2: Matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic and theoretical study of NbO2(Ng)2 (Ng = Ar, Xe) and MO4(X) (M = Nb, Ta; X = Ar, Xe, O2) in solid argon

The combination of matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic and quantum chemical calculation results indicate that the NbO₂ molecule is coordinated by two noble gas atoms in forming the NbO₂(Ng)₂ (Ng = Ar, Xe) complexes in solid noble gas matrixes. In contrast, the TaO₂ molecule is not able to form similar noble gas complex. The niobium and tantalum dioxides further react with dioxygen to form the side-on bonded superoxo-dioxide complexes MO₄ (M = Nb, Ta), which are coordinated by one argon atom in solid argon matrix. The coordinated Ar atom in MO₄(Ar) can be replaced by O₂ or Xe in forming the MO₆ and MO₄(Xe) complexes. The results indicate that the NbO₂, NbO₄ and TaO₄ molecules trapped in solid noble gas matrixes should be regarded as the NbO₂(Ng)₂ and MO₄(Ng) (Ng = Ar, Xe; M = Nb, Ta) complexes instead of “isolated” metal oxide species.     

基于一氧化碳、二氧化碳和氧气分子吸附为探针的碳化钼、碳化钨、氮化钼和氮化钨的表面化学性质：密度泛函理论分析

作为具有吸引力的电极材料,过渡金属碳化物与氮化物被应用在许多电化学储能及能量转换领域. 本工作中,通过密度泛函理论计算,以及一氧化碳 （CO）, 二氧化碳（CO₂）和 氧气（O₂）分子的吸附来表征钼和钨的碳化物及氮化物,如碳化钼（Mo₂C）、碳化钨（W₂C）、氮化钼（Mo₂N）和氮化钨（Mo₂C）的表面化学性质. 这些探针分子可为研究钼和钨的碳化物及氮化物表面在酸性/碱性的氧化还原性质提供衡量方法. 计算结果表明,CO₂分子的吸附发生在路易斯碱位,其碱性降低顺序为α-W₂C(001) > α-W₂N(001) > β-Mo₂C(001) > γ-Mo₂N(100). 此外,CO和O₂分子吸附可用于评估上述碳化物及氮化物的还原能力,其还原性减小顺序为β-W₂C(100) > α-Mo₂C(100) > α-W₂N(001) > α-W₂C(001) > β-Mo₂C(001) > γ-Mo₂N(100). 由于还原本性,使得上述这些碳化物和氮化物成为在各种催化反应中有可能取代贵金属的良好候选材料.     

CO分子在TiC(001)表面上的吸附构型与电子结构

采用第一性原理方法和平板模型对CO分子在TiC(001)表面的吸附构型和电子结构进行了详细研究. 结果表明, CO分子倾向于采用C端吸附在表层Ti原子上方. 对于该吸附方式, 计算得到的吸附能、CO各电子态所处能级位置以及C—O键伸缩振动频率的红移值均与实验观测结果相吻合. 由能带结构和Mvlliken布居分析结果可知, 当采用C端吸附时, CO的5σ和2π鄢态受到底物影响最为显著, 尤其是C端的桥位吸附方式. 此外, 还进一步对底物表面态在CO吸附过程中的作用进行了探讨.     

过渡金属表面上水生成经典Horiuti-Polanyi机理与非Horiuti-Polanyi机理选择的总体趋势（英文）

在非均相催化加氢反应中,氢气(H₂)一直被公认为是通过两步基元步骤参加还原反应的,包括第一步的分子解离和之后的反应物与原子氢键合,即所谓的Horiuti-Polanyi(HP)机理.直到我们研究组在Ag或Au催化丙烯醛加氢还原反应理论研究中发现非HP机理加氢路径存在时,新的机理才被提出,并引起广大研究者的浓厚兴趣.考虑到表面羟基(OH)和氧(O)在非均相催化体系中广泛存在,如常见的过渡金属催化的费托合成、甲烷重整、水汽转化及氨氧化等反应,基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论计算方法,我们对OH/O在一系列过渡金属催化作用下还原生成水的微观机理进行了系统全面的探究.研究发现,不同金属对应于不同的催化氢化反应活性,以及不同的催化反应机理.在某些金属上H₂以分子形式进攻反应物种的非HP机理有利,而在其它金属上经典的H₂解离后参与氢化还原反应的HP机理更容易发生.详细分析显示, H₂的解离活性决定了反应机理的种类:在对H₂解离具有催化活性的金属(如Pt、Ni)表面,不论是(211)台阶面还是(...