基于银纳米线复合透明电极的可弯折柔性聚合物太阳能电池

本文设计了一种可以通过刮涂方法制备的基于银纳米线(AgNWs)的柔性复合透明电极,并以此为基础实现了高性能柔性聚合物太阳能电池的制备。 基于银纳米线的柔性复合薄膜(APA)由银纳米线(AgNWs),聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)和铝掺杂氧化锌(AZO)纳米粒子在低温下通过多层刮涂的方法制备。 APA透明复合薄膜在550 nm处透光率达到90.90%,面电阻低至13.01 Ω/sq,在柔性基底上具有很高的粘附性。 在透明的APA/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)基底上制备的柔性聚合物太阳能电池(PSCs),能量转换效率达到5.47%。 而且以5 mm为曲率半径,经过1000次循环弯曲实验,电池的能量转换效率仅下降了14%。     

炭糊电极电位法测定痕量银

炭糊电位广泛应用于伏安法的测定,特别是修饰的炭糊电极,对于提高灵敏度和选择性具有极大的潜力,我们首次应用炭糊电极作为银离子的电位传感器,发现其具有制作方便、灵敏度高以及采用适当的掩蔽措施可得到较好的选择性等优点。 1 实验部分 1.1 仪器和试剂 pHS-10A数字酸度/离子计(萧山市科学仪器厂),pHS-2型酸度计(上海第二分析仪器厂).314 S~(2-)离子选择电极(江苏电分析仪器厂)。     

硫化银/凹凸棒的Ag+选择电极

以硝酸银、凹凸棒石和硫代乙酰胺为原料制得硫化银/凹凸棒-Ag₂S/ATT电极,并探讨了硫代乙酰胺配比、增塑剂用量、膜厚度以及溶液pH值等因素对电极性能的影响. 结果表明,新型银离子选择电极有较好的能斯特响应,其响应斜率48.0 mV·decade^-1,Ag⁺浓度线性响应范围1.0×10^-1 ~ 1.0×10^-6 mol·L^-1. 在pH = 2.0 ~ 8.0溶液中该电极电势可稳定72 h,对常见阳离子如Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Fe²⁺、Cu²⁺等呈现较强的抗干扰能力.     

Silver-Selective Electrode Based on a Direct Modified Electrode Silver Hexacyanoferrate(II) Film

ABSTRACT

A silver hexacyanoferrate(II) modified electrode is introduced as a silver-selective electrode. The electrode was prepared based on a new type of chemically modified electrodes by direct modification of the electrode surface. The electrode response characteristics were investigated by potentiometry. The calibration curve of the electrode shows a linear potentiometric response to Ag⁺ in the range of 10^-7 - 10^-2 M with detection limit of 5 × 10^-8. The modified electrode described in this paper is very simple, low cost and has linear response to Ag⁺ with a slope of 52-55 mV per decade.     

基于热控电极的电致化学发光传感器的研究进展

电致化学发光（ECL）检测技术因其具有无需激发光源、仪器简单、灵敏度高、选择性好等特点,被广泛应用于环境分析、生物分析等领域. 温度是影响ECL的主要因素之一,在传统的ECL传感器中大多是通过溶液整体加热的方法来控制温度,这种方法操作繁琐,且溶液中的热不稳定性物质及易挥发性物质容易受到影响,因此电极很少工作在最适宜的温度下. 热控电极技术可以只提高电极表面温度,而维持溶液的整体温度不变,使用起来具有很好的便利性. 作者课题组首次将热控电极引入到ECL传感器的构建中,由于电极表面和溶液之间存在一定的温度梯度,因此可以引发强制对流,从而加快物质的扩散和对流速率;电极表面温度的升高还可以进一步提高电极表面物质的电化学反应速率,这两方面的共同作用提高了ECL检测的灵敏度. 同时,利用热控电极可以解决整体加热所引起的背景信号升高,挥发性、热不稳定性物质易受温度影响等问题,而且通过电极加热的方法可去除电极表面的污染物,从而提高ECL检测的重现性. 本文综述了近年来基于热控电极技术的ECL传感器的研究进展,主要介绍了热控电极的加热方式、电极种类以及热控电极在ECL中的应用等,并分析了该技术在实际应用中面临的主要问题,对该技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望.     

新型杯芳烃衍生物银离子选择电极的研究

以苯并噻唑、羟基硫醚的杯[4]芳烃衍生物为载体,制备了银离子选择电极（Ag^ -ISEs),研究了不同极性的膜增塑剂DBP、o-NPOE对电极性能的影响。研究结果表明,苯并噻唑取代的杯[4]芳烃作载体的Ag^ -ISEs对银离子有很好的能斯特响应和较宽的线性范围,低的检测限,对碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属离子和铅离子有极高的选择性,汞离子对银离子的干扰很小,优于Ag2S固态商品电极。研制的Ag^ -ISEs可用于电位滴定的指示电极,结果令人满意。     

普鲁士蓝修饰铂盘电极的胆固醇传感器的研制

在制备普鲁士蓝膜修饰铂盘电极的基础上 ,利用修饰电极对过氧化氢的电催化还原特性 ,制得了性能优良的胆固醇传感器。作者系统地考察了有关修饰膜制备和测试实验条件对传感器性能的影响 ,结果表明 :传感器的最佳工作电位是 0 .0 5V ,测试溶液的最适pH值为 7.0。在选定的工作条件下 ,传感器的灵敏度为 15 0nA mmol·L- 1 ,线性范围为 0 .2～ 2mmol/L ,响应时间为 1min ,寿命在 1个月以上。本方法制得的传感器能有效消除抗坏血酸、尿酸的干扰 ,有望用于血液中胆固醇的测定     

基于2,3-丁二酮双缩氨基硫脲为中性载体的新型银离子选择性电极的研究

研究了基于2,3-丁二酮双缩氨基硫脲为中性载体的聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜电极, 该电极对银离子(Ag^＋)具有优良的电位响应性能. 在pH＝3.0的NaOH-HNO₃体系中, 该电极对Ag^＋电极电位呈现近能斯特响应, 线性响应范围为3.0×10^－6～1.0×10^－2 mol/L, 斜率为52.6 mV/decade (20 ℃), 检测下限为1.0×10^－6 mol/L. 相对于常见的阳离子, 该电极对Ag^＋表现出良好的选择性. 采用交流阻抗技术研究了电极响应机理, 并将电极初步应用于回收率实验, 结果令人满意.     

基于三维纳米银修饰电极的硝酸根微型传感芯片研究

研制一种基于金叉指微电极阵列(IDA)的电流型硝酸根离子(NO-3)微传感电极芯片.基于微机电系统(Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems,MEMS)工艺制备金IDA微电极,通过电化学沉积技术在IDA微电极表面修饰三维枝状结构纳米银敏感膜,利用敏感膜对硝酸根离子良好的电催化还原性能,采用脉冲方波伏安(SWV)电化学测量方法,实现对硝酸根离子在25～1000μmol/L浓度范围内的快速检测,灵敏度达9.5 nA/(μmol/L),线性度为99.98%,检测下限为10μmol/L.考察水体中常见的NO-2,F-,3PO 4-,SO 42-,2CO3-,NH+4,Na+和K+等离子对该传感芯片的干扰性能,传感芯片表现出较好的抗干扰性能.制备的三维枝状结构纳米银修饰IDA微电极可实现水环境(pH 5.0～9.0)中NO-3的电化学检测,对应用于自然水环境中硝酸根离子的现场检测具有积极意义.     

A Novel Method of High Sensitive Determination of Prednisolone on Renewable Mercury Film Silver Based Electrode

Fast and sensitive method of prednisolone determination at renewable mercury film electrode using differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV) was successfully developed. The effects of various factors such as: preconcentration potential and time, pulse height, step potential and supporting electrolyte composition were optimized. A linear voltammetric response for analyte was obtained in the concentration range from 0.05 µmol L⁻¹ (18 µg L⁻¹) to 2.25 µmol L⁻¹ (0.81 mg L⁻¹), with a detection limit of 0.01 µmol L⁻¹ for preconcentration time of 20 s. Repeatability of method was determined as RSD % for prednisolone concentration of 0.04 µmol L⁻¹ as 1.6 % (n=9). The proposed method was successfully applied and validated by recovery parameter of prednisolone in simulated sample and pharmaceutical product.     

导电聚合物构建的高性能固态离子选择电极

基于最新研究文献和自身研究工作,系统总结了以导电聚合物构建的各种高性能固态离子选择电极.导电聚合物所特有的共轭结构以及电子导电和离子导电的双重导电功能使其可以作为离子-电子转换器,从而实现对离子的传感响应与探测.由聚苯胺、聚吡咯和聚噻吩等导电聚合物为转换中间层而构建的离子选择电极可以实现纳摩尔浓度水平的离子传感探测,有望在环境监测、药物医疗和食品安全等诸多方面发挥重要作用.     

新型杯芳烃银离子选择电极的研究

报道了５,１１,１７,２３－四（１,１－二甲基乙基）－２５,２７－二羟基２６,２８－二「２－乙基硫）乙氧基」杯「４」芳烃为银离子载体的ＰＶＣ膜电极的研制。该银离子选择电极不仅对银离子有良好的灵敏度和高选择性,在１０＾－１－１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度范围内有良好的线性,能斯特响应为５６ｍＶ／ｐｅＡｇ．（２５℃）碱金属、碱土金属及过渡金属离子不干扰银的测定;而且对某些阴离子也表现出近似能斯特响应（５０ｍＶ／ｐｃｘ－）。用该电极对人工试样中银含量进行测定,结果与原子吸收光度法相符。     

Silver Selective Electrode Based on Hybrid Mesoporous Silica (MCM‐41) Modified Material

A silver selective electrode based on TEPQA‐MCM‐41 material was developed and used for the selective determination of Ag⁺ ion in various samples. The effect of various plasticizers i. e. dimethyl phthalate (DMP), Tris(ethylhexyl)phosphate (TEP), bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl)sebacate (BEHS), bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl)adipate (BEHA) was investigated. The electrode of the composition of 2 : 1 : 77 : 12 : 8 (w/w, %) of TEPQA‐MCM‐41 : NaTPB : Graphite powder : paraffin oil : DMP respectively, works satisfactorily in a wide concentration range of 1.3×10^?9 M–1.0×10^?1 M for Ag⁺ ion with a lower detection limit (LOD) of 1.0×10^?9 M and has Nernstian slope of 63.4 1 mV/decay. The electrode can be used in a pH range of 2.3 to 6.7 for a period of 3 months without any divergence in potential response. The selectivity coefficient calculated by fixed interference method indicates the high selectivity of the electrode towards Ag⁺ ion over other tested cations.     

基于碳纳米管修饰电极/鸟嘌呤电化学体系的固体电位型pH传感器

根据鸟嘌呤在短单壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极(S-SWCNT/GCE)上发生的电催化氧化特性,及其氧化电位对支持电解质溶液的pH值具有灵敏的响应,制备了以鸟嘌呤为指示剂的固体电位型pH传感器。在优化各种影响因素后,其电位在pH2.0~12.0范围内具有线性响应,回归方程为Epa(V)=-0.0497pH 0.8931。该传感器制备简单,使用方便,响应时间<20 s。在pH响应范围内待测液中离子强度对测定没有影响。酸碱滴定终点具有明显的突跃。对Na 、K 和Ca2 的选择性系数小。已成功地应用于实际样品的测定。     

中性载体双(N-乙基-N-苯基氨基二硫代甲酸)1,4-丁二醇酯PVC膜银离子选择电极的研制

采用双层膜电位法直接测定了溶剂聚合物膜中载体双(N-乙基-N-苯基氨基二硫代甲酸)1,4-丁二醇酯与金属离子生成的络合物生成常数。制备并考察了以双(N-乙基-N-苯基氨基二硫代甲酸)1,4-丁二醇酯为载体的银离子选择性电极的性能。实验结果表明:该选择电极对银离子有良好的灵敏度和高选择性,在1×10-3~1×10-6mol/L的浓度范围内响应斜率为60.2 mV/paAg+,检出限为2.3×10-7mol/L,碱金属、碱土金属及过渡金属离子不干扰银的测定。该电极可作为Ag+准确滴定卤素阴离子的电位滴定指示电极,用于维生素B1药片中维生素B1含量的测定。     

Amperometric Sensor for Hydroxylamine Based on Hybrid Nickel‐Cobalt Hexacyanoferrate Modified Electrode

Hybrid nickel‐cobalt hexacyanoferrate (NiCoHCF) particles were immobilized onto a glassy carbon electrode by cyclic voltammetry. Characterization of these particles by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and electrochemistry revealed that NiCoHCF was a substitution‐type hybrid hexacyanoferrate rather than a simple mixture system. As an important reducing agent, hydroxylamine could be electrocatalytically oxidized at the NiCoHCF modified electrode. The effects of the solution pH and the applied potential on the amperometric response of hydroxylamine were examined. Under optimum conditions, the catalytic peak current was proportional to the concentration of hydroxylamine in the range 2.0×10^?5–1.0×10^?2 mol/L with a detection limit of 2.3×10^?7 mol/L. Furthermore, detection results obtained with this sensor showed high sensitivity, fast response time, good stability and anti‐interference ability.     

Bifunctional Ion‐Selective Electrode Based on C60‐Cryptand 22 for Silver and Iodine Ions

Fullerence C60‐cryptand 22 was prepared and successfully applied as the electric carrier in the PVC electrode membrane of a bifunctional ion‐selective electrode for cations, e.g., Ag⁺ ions as well as anions, e.g., I^? ions. The bifunctional ion‐selective electrode based on C60‐cryptand 22 can be applied as a Silver (Ag⁺) ion selective electrode with an internal electrode solution of 10^?3 M AgNO₃ in water (pH = 6.3), or as an Iodide (I^?) ion selective electrode with an acidic internal electrode solution of 10^?4 M KI_(aq) (pH = 2) in which the cryptand 22 is protonated, and the C60‐cryptand 22 is changed to C60‐Cryptand22–H⁺ and becomes an anionic electro‐carrier to absorb the I^? ion. The Ag⁺ ion selective electrode based on C60‐cryptand 22 gave a linear response with a near‐Nernstian slope (59.5 mV decade^?1) within the concentration range 10^?1‐10^?3 M Ag⁺_(aq). The Ag⁺ ion electrode exhibited comparatively good selectivity for silver ions, over other transition‐metal ions, alkali and alkaline earth metal ions. The Ag⁺ ion selective electrode with good stability and reproducibility was successfully used for the titration of Ag⁺_(aq) with Cl^? ions. The Iodide (I^?) Ion selective electrode based on protonated C60–cryptand22‐H⁺ also showed a linear response with a nearly Nernstian slope (58.5 mV decade^?1) within 10^?1 ‐ 10^?3 M I^? _(aq) and exhibited good selectivity for I^? ions and had small selectivity coefficients (10^?2–10^?3) for most of other anions, e.g., F^? , OH^?, CH₃COO^?, SO₄^2?, CO₃^2?, CrO₄^2?, Cr₂O₇^2? and PO₄^3? ions.     

Highly Selective Perchlorate Membrane Electrode Based on Cobalt(III) Schiff Base as a Neutral Carrier

A highly selective poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane electrode based on Co(III)-Schiff base [Co(5-NO2- Salen)(PBu3)]ClO4•H2O (where 5-NO2-SalenH＝bis(5-nitrosalycilaldehyde)ethylenediamine) as a new carrier for construction of perchlorate-selective electrode by incorporating the membrane ingredients on the surface of a graphite electrodes has been reported. The proposed electrode possesses a very wide Nernestian potential linear range to perchlorate from 1.0×10－6 to 5.0×10－1 mol•L－1 with a slope of (59.4±0.9) mV per decade of perchlorate concentration with a low detection limit of 5.0×10－7 mol•L－1 and good perchlorate selectivity over the wide variety of other anions. The developed electrode has an especially fast response (＜5 s) and a wide pH independent range (3.0—12.0) in comparison with recent reported electrodes and can be used for at least 2 months without any considerable divergence in their potential response. This electrode was used for the determination of perchlorate in river water, drinking water, sludgy water and human urine with satisfactory results without complicated and time consuming pretreatment.