基于1/4波片晶体电光调制输出特性的理论分析

根据铌酸锂晶体电光调制原理,推导了电光调制器透光率与1/4波片光轴方位的数学通式,通过数值计算分析了基于1/4波片晶体电光调制的输出特性.结果表明,波片每旋转π/4,周期性依次出现线性调制、非倍频失真和倍频失真,与实验结果相符.     

消色差λ/4波片的系统级标定方法研究

消色差/4波片具有一定的二向色性和相位延迟量误差,导致仪器偏振测量产生误差。从考虑全偏振CCD相机自身偏振效应的辐射模型入手,借助积分球辐射源和高精度辅助旋转偏振器,研究系统级非理想消色差/4波片的标定方法。结果发现:消色差/4波片的二向色性和相位延迟量参数随仪器的工作波长与带宽发生变化,波段650 nm（相位延迟量88.90）和750 nm（相位延迟量88.65）消色差效果相对较好,而波片在波段850 nm（相位延迟量84.33）相位量偏差较大;通过相位延迟量的标准误差分析,得出消色差/4波片的系统级标定方法精度优于0.8。     

非理想1/4波片对泵浦光偏振态的影响

为了研究调整架角度误差以及波片与光源波长不匹配对线偏振光经过1/4波片之后偏振态的影响,本文利用坐标变换法得到1/4波片的琼斯矩阵,并用琼斯矩阵表示各偏振态。推导出波片与光源不匹配时对偏振态的影响理论模型。当考虑到调整架的角度误差时,对入射光偏振态以及波片的琼斯矩阵表达式做引入角度误差的泰勒展开,最后得到和实验结果匹配的仿真曲线。仿真结果表明,当采用808 nm 1/4波片对795 nm波长的线偏振光作用时,在不考虑调整误差的理想情况下出射光椭圆度最高为0.9746,考虑调整误差时,对应理想情况下椭圆度最高为0.96,椭圆度最高点偏移1.72°。仿真和实验结果为进一步分析泵浦光椭圆度对原子参数的影响提供了依据。     

1/4波片延迟量的相位调制椭偏测量法

利用椭偏测量术中的相位调制椭偏测量原理测量了1/4波片的延迟量。该方法预先对测量光束的偏振态进行调制,以生成随时间变化的光强信号,通过对信号中的谐变成分进行分析而获得待测波片的延迟量。测量了四个波片,其中三个波片的延迟量已经用电光调制法精确测量过,经对比测量的结果符合较好。观察到了和理论相符的云母波片延迟量的振荡现象。实验结果说明这种方法是一种有实际意义的方法。     

利用旋转波片组实现偏振变换器的两种新方法

偏振变换器作为一种重要的光学器件．以其高偏振变换精度、低成本、低插入损耗以及控制算法简单的特性在相干光纤通信和高速光纤通信领域具有十分重要的地位。提出了利用两个λ／4波片和一个λ／2波片的三波片组合实现任意偏振态变换的新方法。用改进的三维庞加莱球方法—偏振态投射平面的二维几何方法分别推导出了λ／4 λ／4 λ／2组合以及λ／2 λ／4 λ／4组合实现任意偏振态变换时每个波片的位置参量计算公式。研究结果表明：两个λ／4波片和一个λ／2波片的任意组合都可以实现任意偏振态的变换;用偏振态投射平面的几何方法处理偏振变换的相关问题比庞加莱球方法和矩阵处理方法简洁明了。研究结果为偏振变换器的设计提供了理论依据。     

多方向偏振片及1/4波片对全偏振检测的影响研究

理论上推导了光线通过任意方向偏振片和任意方向1/4波片的出射光强与全Stokes参量关系的表达式,利用自然背景下的人造目标为对象开展全偏振检测实验,并以目标与背景偏振度对比为主要指标,研究了多方向情况下上述两种偏振器件影响全偏振检测的因素。研究表明下述三种情况方程组秩小于4导致全偏振检测无效:固定1/4波片方向而改变偏振片方向;固定偏振片方向改变1/4波片方向,且四组角度中两器件平行及垂直的关系同时出现;偏振片与1/4波片有三组角度相同,第四组角度关系为平行或垂直。实验表明,固定偏振片方向改变1/4波片方向,探测结果与固定偏振片方向的取值有关;采用偏振片与1/4波片三组方向相同,第四组夹角45°的全偏振检测方式,偏振度对比较高。     

双λ/4波片复合效应与椭圆偏振光的实验验证

利用Jones 矩阵分析双λ/4波片对正入射线偏振光的复合效应,提出了在椭圆偏振光长短轴方位未知、λ/4波片光轴未标出的情况下,验证椭圆偏振光与部分偏振光的实验方法,利用偏振光实验平台进行的测试结果与理论分析相吻合.     

一种提高1/4波片相移量测量精度的方法

提出了一种新颖的，在已知四分之一波片快轴方向的情况下，利用两个偏振片和一个三棱镜来提高波片相位延迟角测量精度的简便方法，给出了对该方法的理论分析与不确定度公式，并给出了应用实例.此方法的主要优点是可以提高测量精度，并且操作简单，容易实现.     

消色差的1/4波长延迟器的几何光学设计

在许多光谱学测量和实验研究中,常需要一个消色差1/4波长延迟器来满足各种实验测量条件.这可以通过一个在工作波长范围内折射率变化较小的菱型棱镜来实现.为了使用方便,在光学系统中可设计一个具有三个全内反射面的V型棱镜,其总的相位延迟达90°,同时可避免光路偏差.在实际应用中,需对棱镜的尺寸和通光孔径进行优化设计,以达到最佳效果.在本文中,我们给出了具有这种结构的几何设计例子,还结合不同参量成功地设计研制了一个消色差的1/4波长延迟器,并应用于磁光材料的克尔效应测量中.文中给出了详细计算和误差修正,所给出的计算公式可用于其他尺寸的消色差1/4波长器的设计和研制.     

旋转波片法测量Stokes参量与Jones矩阵

本文总结了旋转波片法测量偏振光的Stokes参量和偏振元件的Jones矩阵的计算细节,并搭建实验装置对不同电压下液晶盒的Jones矩阵进行了实际测量.     

Laser goniophotometric stokes polarimeter

An automated Stokes polarimeter of the dynamic type is created to measure the polarization characteristics of radiation emitted, reflected, and scattered by objects at different angles to a surface. An analysis of the versions of processing of measurement resuls has shown that the dependence of a random error in determination of the parameters on the number of positions N of a quarter-wave plate, at which the radiation intensity is measured, is of a similar nature as the dependence on the number of independent measurements of the same quantity . B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 68 Skorina Ave., Minsk., 220072, Belarus, e-mail: tsaruk@dragon.bas-net.by. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 869–874, November–December, 1999.     

基于转镜的激光触发系统设计

 设计了一种新的基于转镜的光电触发装置。电机带动反射镜转动,形成转镜,激光光线经转镜反射形成扇形光幕,利用光电接收装置接收经被测目标和转镜两次反射的反射激光,产生触发信号,由采集模块对触发信号进行采样,将模拟信号转化为数字信号,并通过传输模块传送到被控设备,实现触发。     

Hybrid complete Mueller polarimeter based on phase modulators

Optical properties of matter as diattenuation, retardance and depolarization can be evaluated using polarimetric techniques. In this paper, the analysis and implementation of a complete Mueller polarimeter is presented. The system is constituted of a polarization state generator (PSG) and a polarization state analyzer (PSA), which are controlled and synchronized through a computer program. The PSG comprises a dual liquid crystal variable retarder system while the PSA is based on a two-photoelastic modulator setup. Using air and common polarizing optics as test samples for calibration at 633 nm, the hybrid instrument met a good precision when the Mueller matrices of those optical elements were measured.     

Design considerations for a fibre-optic based polarimeter

A polarization modulation technique is presented which utilizes the manipulation of a wide band, incoherent source. An application to the measurement of sugar concentration is described. A conceptual fibre-optic sensor, based on the technique, is discussed. Particular attention is given to the design of a dielectric multilayer filter which will provide the means of dividing the spectrum into polarized and unpolarized components with the latter being used to calibrate the former.     

Real-time observation of liquid crystal molecular directions based on a snapshot polarimeter

The polarization state of transmitted light is linked to liquid crystal(LC) molecular distribution. The dynamic behavior of a twisted nematic LC molecule is measured with a home-built 10 k Hz snapshot polarimeter. Only the transient molecule rotations are observed when the external voltage changes, and the molecules return to their original orientations quickly even when high voltage is applied. Our observations cannot be attributed to the traditional electro-optic effect. The invalidation of the static external field indicates the shielding effect of redistributing impurity ions in an LC cell.     

A novel optical polarimeter based on the signal width measurement of the waveform

For the optical polarimeter based on the structure of polarizer–Faraday modulator–analyzer, a novel method of optical rotation measurement was proposed by the waveform analysis of optical intensity signals. The calculation method of the optical rotation was provided by measuring the signal width of the waveform. Furthermore, the optical rotations of sugar solutions with different concentrations were measured by this method, and the fitting degree of obtained fitting curve is 0.9996. This showed that this method was effective.     

旋光仪的改进和实验功能拓展

设计制作了多功能旋光仪,通过光电采集系统和单片机控制电路,实现了光强的识别和记录,实现了旋转角、旋光率或溶液浓度测量结果的自动计算和显示,提高了测量的准确度和测量速度.     

WXG-4型旋光仪三分视场亮暗调节

针对WXG-4型旋光仪的均匀亮视场和均匀暗视场的亮度对比不明显问题进行了研究,分析了三分视场光强与起偏器透振方向的关系,得出原因是起偏器透振方向与半波片的光轴夹角太大.旋转起偏器,使其透振方向与半波片的光轴夹角减小并固定,均匀亮视场和均匀暗视场的亮度对比明显,使仪器恢复正常使用.     

波片对斜入射光波产生相位延迟的两种计算方法

作为常见的偏振光学元件之一的波片,如1/4波片、1/2波片和全波片,被广泛应用于高数值孔径(NA)成像系统(偏光显微镜和浸没式光刻机)的偏振检测技术中。随着系统NA的日益增大,正确分析和精确计算大角度斜入射光波经过波片后产生的相位延迟变得至关重要。目前的分析方法主要是基于电磁波传播理论和光线追迹法两种。由于前人在使用上述两种方法时,不仅计算过程较为复杂,没有最终表达式,而且计算结果存在较大的差异。首先推导波片中e光波法线的折射率表达式,然后再推导e光光线的折射率表达式,最后分别利用电磁波传播理论和光线追迹法导出斜入射光波通过波片后的o光与e光之间的相位延迟。计算结果显示,利用这两种方法得到的相位延迟最终表达式完全一致。准确地描述了波片的相位延迟特性,为波片的设计和误差分析提供了严格的理论依据,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。     

High-frequency gratings for applications to microoptical ellipsometer/polarimeter systems

We report on experimental results which we conducted on manufactured microretarder arrays. The array consists of miniaturized retarder elements with different orientations of their fast axes. Diffractive phase retardation elements are chosen as microretarder elements since nanostructuring techniques such as electron beam lithography and successive reactive ion etching allow in principle an effortless way to arrange the microretarders as desired by the application. In this paper, we discuss the fabrication and the experimental results of manufactured retarder arrays. Furthermore, their use for potential applications in the fields of polarimetry is discussed.