Spontaneous excitation of a circularly accelerated atom coupled to electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations

We study, using the formalism proposed by Dalibard, Dupont-Roc and Cohen-Tannoudji, the contributions of the vacuum fluctuation and radiation reaction to the rate of change of the mean atomic energy for a circularly accelerated multilevel atom coupled to vacuum electromagnetic fields in the ultrarelativistic limit. We find that the balance between vacuum fluctuation and radiation reaction is broken, which causes spontaneous excitations of accelerated ground state atoms in vacuum. Unlike for a circularly accelerated atom coupled to vacuum scalar fields, the contribution of radiation reaction is also affected by acceleration, and this term takes the same form as that of a linearly accelerated atom coupled to vacuum electromagnetic fields. For the contribution of vacuum fluctuations, we find that in contrast to the linear acceleration case, terms proportional to the Planckian factor are replaced by those proportional to a non-Planck exponential term, and this indicates that the radiation perceived by a circularly orbiting observer is no longer thermal as is in the linear acceleration case. However, for an ensemble of two-level atoms, an effective temperature can be defined in terms of the atomic transition rates, which is found to be dependent on the transition frequency of the atom. Specifically, we calculate the effective temperature as a function of the transition frequency and find that in contrast to the case of circularly accelerated atoms coupled to the scalar field, the effective temperature in the current case is always larger than the Unruh temperature.     

Steady state quantum discord for circularly accelerated atoms

We study, in the framework of open quantum systems, the dynamics of quantum entanglement and quantum discord of two mutually independent circularly accelerated two-level atoms in interaction with a bath of fluctuating massless scalar fields in the Minkowski vacuum. We assume that the two atoms rotate synchronically with their separation perpendicular to the rotating plane. The time evolution of the quantum entanglement and quantum discord of the two-atom system is investigated. For a maximally entangled initial state, the entanglement measured by concurrence diminishes to zero within a finite time, while the quantum discord can either decrease monotonically to an asymptotic value or diminish to zero at first and then followed by a revival depending on whether the initial state is antisymmetric or symmetric. When both of the two atoms are initially excited, the generation of quantum entanglement shows a delayed feature, while quantum discord is created immediately. Remarkably, the quantum discord for such a circularly accelerated two-atom system takes a nonvanishing value in the steady state, and this is distinct from what happens in both the linear acceleration case and the case of static atoms immersed in a thermal bath.     

Spontaneous Excitation of an Accelerated Detector Interacting with a Massive Scalar Field and Unruh Effect

We study spontaneous excitation of both a static detector (modelled by a two-level atom) immersed in a thermal bath and a uniformly accelerated one in the Minkowski vacuum interacting with a real massive scalar field.Our results show that the mass of the scalar field manifests itself in the spontaneous excitation rate of the static detector in a thermal bath (and in vacuum) in the form of a selection rule for transitions among states of the detector.However,this selection rule disappears for the accelerated ones,demonstrating that an accelerated detector does not necessarily behave the same as an inertial one in a thermal bath.We find the imprint left by the mass is the appearance of a grey-body factor in the spontaneous excitation and de-excitation rates,which maintains the detailed balance condition between them and thus ensures a thermal equilibrium at the Unruh temperature the same as that of the massless case.We also analyze quantitatively the effect of the mass on the rate of change of the detector's energy and find that when the mass is very small,it only induces a small negative correction.However,when it is very large,it then exponentially damps the rate,thus essentially forbidding any transitions among states of the detector.     

Response of a uniformly accelerated detector to massless Rarita–Schwinger fields in vacuum

We study the response of a uniformly accelerated detector modeled by a two-level atom nonlinearly coupled to vacuum massless Rarita–Schwinger fields. We first generalize the formalism developed by Dalibard, Dupont-Roc, and Cohen-Tannoudji in the linear coupling case, and we then calculate the mean rate of change of the atomic energy of the accelerated atom. Our result shows that a uniformly accelerated atom in its ground state interacting with vacuum Rarita–Schwinger field fluctuations would spontaneously transition to an excited state and the unique feature in contrast to the case of the atom coupled to the scalar, electromagnetic and Dirac fields is the appearance of terms in the excitation rate which are proportional to the sixth and eighth powers of acceleration.     

Spontaneous excitation of a detector in circular motion coupled to massless Rarita–Schwinger fields in vacuum

We study the spontaneous excitation of a detector (modeled by a two-level atom) in circular motion coupled nonlinearly to vacuum massless Rarita–Schwinger fields in the ultrarelativistic limit and demonstrate that the spontaneous excitation occurs for ground-state atoms in circular motion in vacuum but the excitation rate is not of a pure thermal form as that of the atoms in linear uniform acceleration. An interesting feature is that terms of odd powers in acceleration appear in the excitation rate whereas in the linear acceleration case there are only terms of even powers present. On the other hand, what makes the present case unique in comparison to the atom’s coupling to other fields that are previously studied is the appearance of the terms proportional to the seventh and ninth powers of acceleration in the mean rate of change of atomic energy which are absent in the scalar, electromagnetic and Dirac field cases.     

耦合双原子与压缩真空场Raman相互作用系统的量子纠缠

利用全量子理论,研究了耦合双原子与单模压缩真空场Raman相互作用系统的量子纠缠特性,运用数值方法讨论了系统耦合常数和初始状态对纠缠特性的影响.     

与原子依赖强度耦合双模压缩真空态的量子纠缠

在考虑原子与双模光场依赖强度耦合双光子共振相互作用的条件下,应用量子相对熵研究了双模压缩真空场模间纠缠度的演化.结果表明,在原子与光场相互作用之后,模间纠缠度作周期性的变化.在强场条件下,模间纠缠度总是在初始时刻达到最大值,其变化幅度基本保持不变.在初始场很弱的条件下,纠缠度演化的特点与原子初始状态有关,当原子处于激发态和基态的等概率叠加态时,纠缠度变化的幅度最大.控制原子与光场的作用时间及原子的初态,可以调整双模光场间的纠缠.     

重力场中原子的衍射态及其概率分布

使用量子力学中Feynman的路径积分方法,导出了重力场中原子经单缝、双缝及多缝衍射后的量子态及其概率分布.在一定近似条件下,证明了干涉条纹的移动与重力加速度有关,而条纹间隔与重力加速度无关.     

级联三能级原子与单模场相互作用下的腔场谱

研究了高Q腔内级联三能级原子与单模光场相互作用模型的腔场谱.结果表明,原子初态处于上能级时，随R=g2/g1的增大,真空场的拉比峰个数按2→6→4→2→4的规律变化，在R1时，所有的拉比峰都消失.在初始场较弱时,腔场谱可出现3峰、5峰或7峰.在初始场很强时,腔场谱中只有单一的经典共振峰.如果原子初态处在中能级且R=1,腔场谱为简单的对称双峰结构，与标准J-C模型的谱相似. 关键词： 级联三能级原子 单模光场 腔场谱     

频率变化光场与二能级原子相互作用系统的光场的振幅平方压缩效应

在旋波近似下,利用推广的J-C模型,考虑光场的频率随时间按照正弦函数的形式作小量变化,采用数值计算的方法,研究分析二项式光场与二能级原子相互作用时,光场的振幅平方压缩效应。最终的研究结果表明：场频率的变化对光场的振幅平方压缩的深度和周期性都存在影响     

二项式光场与运动二能级原子相互作用系统的光场压缩效应

本文采用求解Schrodinger方程和数值计算方法,研究了二项式光场与运动二能级原子相互作用过程中的光场压缩效应.结果表明:通过适当选择系统参数,可使光场产生完全压缩效应.     

Automatic compensation of magnetic field for a rubidium space cold atom clock

When the cold atom clock operates in microgravity around the near-earth orbit, its performance will be affected by the fluctuation of magnetic field. A strategy is proposed to suppress the fluctuation of magnetic field by additional coils, whose current is changed accordingly to compensate the magnetic fluctuation by the linear and incremental compensation. The flight model of the cold atom clock is tested in a simulated orbital magnetic environment and the magnetic field fluctuation in the Ramsey cavity is reduced from 17 nT to 2 nT, which implied the uncertainty due to the second order Zeeman shift is reduced to be less than 2×10~(-16). In addition, utilizing the compensation, the magnetic field in the trapping zone can be suppressed from 7.5 μT to less than 0.3 μT to meet the magnetic field requirement of polarization gradients cooling of atoms.     

V型三能级原子与双模奇偶纠缠相干光场相互作用系统的光子统计性质

本文采用求解Schr dinger方程和数值计算方法,研究了V-型三能级原子与双模奇偶纠缠相干光场相互作用系统的光子统计性质,结果表明:此性质与双模奇偶纠缠相干光场的纠缠程度、失谐量、原子的初态以及双模光的平均光子数相关联.     

Kerr效应对原子与双模场Raman相互作用模型腔场谱的影响

研究了含Kerr介质高Q腔中单个二能级原子与双模量子化光场发生Raman耦合过程的腔场谱,给出原子初态处于基态而初始光场为数态时的数值结果.发现在一般情况下,两模腔场谱均为双峰结构.Kerr效应对真空场谱结构无影响.在弱场条件下,Kerr效应的增强会导致各模高频峰明显增高,而低频峰明显降低;在强场条件下,各峰峰位都随着Kerr效应增强明显右移,谱结构整体偏离原共振频率.     

Preservation of coherence for a two-level atom tunneling through a squeezed vacuum with finite bandwidth

Tunneling of a two-state particle through a squeezed vacuum is considered. It has been shown that repetitive measurement or interaction with the external field can preserve the coherence. Moreover, the coherence time in terms of the squeezing parameters has been calculated. A specific condition is derived, under which the coherence is sustainable.     

与准Λ型四能级系统互作用光场的熵演化

研究了准Λ型四能级系统与非关联双模相干光场相互作用系统的场熵演化特性,讨论了原子初态、平均光子数及能级劈裂对场熵的影响.该系统包含了二能级原子和三能级原子与单模场相互作用情况.     

Kerr介质对双模压缩真空场与四能级原子相互作用系统中光场量子特性的影响

研究了旋波近似下Kerr介质中双模压缩真空场与N型四能级原子双光子跃迁相互作用系统中光场的压缩效应及光子的统计性质.数值计算结果表明,在无Kerr介质的情况下,光场的两个正交分量的均方涨落均呈现周期性的压缩,光子周期性地交替呈现聚束和反聚束效应,光场两模之间总是呈现正相关,而且这种相关是非经典相关;Kerr介质的存在不利于光场均方涨落的压缩,但对光子统计性质没有明显的影响 关键词： Kerr介质 四能级原子 双模压缩真空场 光场的量子特性     

频率变化场与原子相互作用系统中原子的信息熵压缩

利用J-C模型,考虑场频率随时间以正弦函数形式作小量变化,在旋波近似下,研究了二能级原子与单模辐射场相互作用系统中原子的信息熵压缩特性.利用数值计算方法给出原子的信息熵压缩因子随时间的演化曲线.研究结果表明:原子的信息熵仅在演化的初期呈现压缩效应,初始的原子分布角、光场强度和场频率随时间的变化对原子的信息熵压缩有明显影响.场频率随时间的变化对原子的信息熵压缩因子的演化具有调制作用,随场频率变化的幅值增大,调制作用增强,压缩效应减弱.     

Effects of an applied low frequency field on the dynamics of a two-level atom interacting with a single-modefield

The effects of an applied low frequency field on the dynamics of a two-level atom interacting with a single-mode field are investigated. It is shown that the time evolution of the atomic population is mainly controlled by the coupling constants and the frequency of the low frequency field, which leads to a low frequency modulation function for the time evolution of the upper state population. The amplitude of the modulation function becomes larger as the coupling constants increase. The frequency of the modulation function is proportional to the frequency of the low frequency field, and decreases with increasing coupling constant.     

二项式光场与级联三能级原子的量子纠缠

利用量子熵理论，研究了二项式光场与级联三能级原子的量子纠缠，讨论了光场与原子的初始参量对其量子纠缠性质的影响.结果表明，利用二项式光场的特性，可以揭示从相干态到数态之间的所有态光场与三能级原子相互作用时的量子纠缠性质.选择适当的系统参数可以制备稳定的光场-原子qutrit纠缠态. 关键词： 二项式光场 级联三能级原子 光场熵 量子纠缠