苯乙烯—二乙烯苯共聚反应中支化行为的研究

本文以粘度为主，研究了苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）－二乙烯苯（ＤＶＢ）自由基交联共聚反应高分子的支化行为，测定了支化参数Ｇ随反应时间ｔ的变化关系。Ｇ随聚合反应的进行呈线性下降，经拟合，在本实验条件下，Ｇ随ｔ变化的这量表达式为Ｇ＝－０．２５ｔ＋１．４５。这为深入认识反应过程及其对产品性能的影响提供了科学数据。     

苯乙烯—二乙烯苯自由基共聚反应动力学研究

本文用气相色谱、激光拉曼、激光散射、ＧＰＣ以及粘度等方法研究了苯乙烯—二乙烯苯的自由基交联共聚反应．求得聚合反应初期的表现速率常数Ｋｓｔ、Ｋｍ－ＤＶＢ及Ｋｐ－ＤＶＢ分别为１．６８×１０－２（小时－１）、３．４３×１０－２（小时－１）及５．５４×１０－２（小时－１）；从悬挂双键含量变化解释分子内环化推迟了凝胶化点；由跟踪检测反应中分子重量、尺寸变化指出宏观尺寸分子的出现使重均分子量（）在凝胶化点发散；讨论了多分散、支化对分子尺寸Ｒｇ（均方旋转半径）、Ｒｈ（流体力学半径）的影响，定量关系为：δ＝Ｒｇ／Ｒｈ＝０．００６１ｅｘＰ（１．４３２ｔ）；拟合了Ｒｈ对反应时间的指数依赖性ＲＡ＝５．１９５ｅｘｐ（０．８７２ｔ），这证实了凝胶化点前属反应控制机理。     

极性单体对苯乙烯—二乙烯苯共聚反应的影响及动力学研究.Ⅰ.

本文对分别加入丙烯腈、醋酸乙烯酯和甲基丙烯酸甲脂的苯乙烯—二乙烯苯共聚反应体系进行了动力学研究,并考察了聚合物的溶胀性能以及所合成的离子交换树脂的交换量和强度。结果表明:在苯乙烯—二乙烯苯共聚反应体系中,加入少量的极性单体,改变了苯乙烯与二乙烯苯的相对聚合速率,从而起到了调节共聚物中化学交联点分布的作用。共聚物网络结构的这一变化使其溶胀性能和强度也相应地发生了一定变化。     

Monte Carlo方法研究苯乙烯/二乙烯苯凝胶化反应

在前文基础上,对苯乙烯-二乙烯苯凝胶化反应进行更进一步的Monte Carlo模拟。由于引入了标识符,用三维模型很好地获得了定量表征凝胶化反应的参数：转化率,交联点,分子链数目,重均分子量Mw及数均分子量Mn等的变化规律,得到了与实验基本一致的结果。     

含芘苯乙烯/二乙烯苯共聚物的光物理研究

本文首次用稳态光谱法研究了含芘苯乙烯/二乙烯苯共聚物的光物理行为。结果表明,当共聚物中芘基的摩尔百分数低于0.006％时,其荧光光谱仅呈现芘基的单体荧光,并伴随以0—0发射谱带强度降低和精细振动结构的部分消失;当芘基的含量高于0.3％时,共聚物的荧光相继出现在420,440和475nm处的发射谱带。这一结果可归因于芘基各种基态和激发态聚集体的形成,集中地反映了交联共聚物凝聚态的非均匀性。     

二氧化碳-氧化苯乙烯的共聚反应

由ＣＯ２－氧化苯乙烯（ＳｔＯ）配位催化共聚制得脂肪族聚碳酸苯亚乙酯,并用 ＩＲ、１ＨＮＭＲ和 ＤＳＣ等进行表征,用 ＴＧ对聚合物的热稳定性进行了分析。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯和二乙烯苯对苯乙烯共聚合的影响

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、苯乙烯(St)和二乙烯苯(DVB)三元共聚体系为研究对象,采用气相色谱法研究了体系中MMA和DVB浓度对聚苯乙烯型树脂交联的影响。结果表明:MMA加速St和DVB的聚合速率,其中对St的加速作用又明显大于对DVB的。随MMA含量的增加,聚苯乙烯型树脂交联不均匀的情况得以明显改善,而增加体系中DVB的含量,DVB与St、MMA反应速率的差异变大,树脂交联不均匀的情况变严重。     

高交联苯乙烯—二乙烯苯共聚物的孔结构研究

我们以甲苯或甲苯-正庚烷为致孔剂合成了一系列高交联的大孔苯乙烯-二乙烯苯(St-DVB)共聚物,本文报道这些共聚物的孔结构、孔结构稳定性及其与合成条件的关系。     

交联苯乙烯—二乙烯苯共聚物的氯甲基化反应

总结了间接使用氯甲醚使苯乙烯—二乙烯苯交联共聚物进行氯甲基化反应或不使用氯甲醚以制备阴离子交换树脂的文献。     

凝胶化反应的激光散射研究方法(Ⅱ)、(Ⅲ)——苯乙烯与双甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯及二乙烯苯的交联共聚反应

本文应用具有灵敏度高及角度扫描技术的激光散射方法比较系统地研究了苯乙烯与双甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯及二乙烯苯的交联共聚反应,得到凝胶化点、反应速率、相分离点、相关系数及均方介电常数波动等在宏观及亚微观水平上表征反应特性的参数,并通过比较发现不同反应体系间既有共同规律又有各自特性·经实验及对比可方便地从量的高度认识单体活性及配方对聚合反应的影响,加深了对凝胶化反应规律的认识。     

长链支化聚丙烯的非线性流变行为

通过大幅振荡剪切试验方法, 研究了长链支化聚丙烯的非线性流变学行为, 揭示了长链支化结构与非线性黏弹响应的关系. 利用傅里叶变换流变学方法得到试样的三次倍频相对振幅I_3/1与应变的标度关系, 用于界定线性聚丙烯和长链支化聚丙烯非线性流变行为的差异, 并定义了非线性系数来量度长链支化程度. 在高应变下, I_3/1与应变的变化关系可以进一步描述长链支化在非线性流场下的特性, 并得到了长链支化程度与其非线性响应之间的变化关系. 通过应力波的Lissajous曲线分解, 发现了环内和环间黏弹性的差异, 长链支化结构在大应变流场下的非线性黏弹性响应弱于线性结构, 支化程度越高非线性响应越弱.     

Radical Copolymerization Behavior of Alkyl Vinyl Sulfides

In order to clarify the effects of the sulfur atom and the alkyl groups in alkyl vinyl sulfides (RVS) on their reactivities, the radical copolymerizations of eight RVS (M₂) with styrene, methyl methacrylate, and acrylonitrile (Mi) were investigated at 60°C, and the copolymerization parameters were determined. It was found that the Q and e values for RVS were estimated as 0.3 ～ 0.5 and -1.1 ～ -1.7, respectively, from the copolymerizations with styrene, and these values were almost unchanged, regardless of the type of alkyl group in RVS. These results indicated that the electron-sharing, 3d orbital resonance between the growing radical derived from electron-donating RVS monomer and the adjacent sulfur atom was important in the transition state of copolymerizations.

It was also found that the copolymer composition curves in the copolymerizations of RVS varied widely with the comonomers used, and the tendency for alternative copolymerizations increased with an increase in the electron-accepting nature of the comonomers in the order: styrene ≤ methyl methacrylate ≤ acrylonitrile. The selectivities between RVS and alkyl vinyl ether toward various polymer radicals were determined, and they were found to correlate with the e values of the monomers corresponding to the attacking polymer radicals.     

Tandem Copolymerization: An Effective Control of the Level of Branching and Molecular Weight Distribution

The term “tandem catalysis” addresses the action of two or more different catalysts in a single reactor to yield a product that is otherwise inaccessible to the individual catalysts. Its application to the production of branched polyethylene from ethylene feedstock as well as of homopolymers or copolymers with controlled molecular weight distribution is a relatively recent and successful technique. A great variety of combinations of late and early metal precursors, in different experimental conditions, have been successfully employed in tandem processes to prepare polyolefins with improved properties and performance parameters. In this article, we report on two examples of tandem catalysis, where either cooperative or independent actions take place.     

乙烯与丙烯在负载型钛系催化剂上的共聚合行为

乙烯与α-烯烃配位共聚速率明显高于乙烯均聚速率~[1～4],其原因可归结为化学促进作用或单体扩散的影响.本文通过考察乙烯-丙烯在负载型钛系催化剂上的共聚动力学行为、催化剂-聚合物颗粒形态及改变聚合中单体的组成,以期进一步了解乙丙共聚反应的特征. 1 实验部分 1.1 催化剂及聚合 载体催化剂由无水MgCl_2、TiCl_4和EB共研磨而成,使用前用     

Copolymerization Behavior of Some Acidic and Basic Monomers

Copolymerization reactivity ratios of the systems 4-vinyl-pyridine (VP)-methacrylic acid (MA), dimethylamino methacrylate (DMAM)-MA, and VP-DMAM were obtained using the Fineman-Ross procedure. The experimental values were found to differ considerably from the values calculated from the Q-e scheme. R₁ and r₂ values calculated using seven different models for the VP-MA system have been compared with the experimental values.     

乙烯基硅烷-丙烯酸酯乳液共聚动力学研究

以乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTES)、丙烯酸酯为单体,乙氧基醇磺基琥珀酸二钠(A—102)为乳化剂,合成了有机硅改性丙烯酸酯共聚乳液。研究了乳化剂、引发剂、VTES、反应温度以及功能性单体甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)对乳液共聚反应速率的影响。结果表明:聚合速率随乳化剂浓度、引发剂浓度、HEMA浓度的增大及反应温度的升高而增大,但随VTES浓度增大而逐渐减小。由实验得出恒速阶段聚合反应速率R_p与乳化剂浓度C_E、引发剂浓度C_1及有机硅单体浓度C_(VTES)的关系为R_p∝C_E~(0.35)C_I~(0.48)C_(VTES)~(-0.64),表观活化能E_a为81.1kJ·mol~(-1)。     

α-甲基苯乙烯与丁二烯阴离子共聚组成研究

本文研究了BuLi-THF引发α-甲基苯乙烯与丁二烯在环己烷中阴离子共聚的共聚组成与聚合活性种的关系,建立了多活性种存在下伴有解聚的共聚组成方程,求得了不同[THF]下的单体表观竞聚率γ_1和γ_2值,并估算了它们的误差。     

A Kinetic Study of Free-Radical Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymerization by Differential Scanning Calorimeter

Abstract

The isothermal free-radical copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile was examined in the temperature range of 333-373 °K. Initial rate studies of styrene homopolymerization were conducted and agreed favorably with values in the literature. Initial rate studies for acrylonitrile solution polymerization in DMF were also performed. Initiator decomposition rate constants measured in the presence of AN and styrene monomer are reported for AIBN, BP, and DTBP. Rate functions for the full spectrum of comonomer compositions initiated by AIBN and benzoyl peroxide are reported. Several copolymerization kinetic models were tested and found to be inadequate. Conversion histories were found to be consistent with observed initial rates and follow a simple pseudohomopolymerization kinetic model. Autoacceleration was observed and found to increase in severity with increased AN feed compositions and decreased reaction temperatures.