小型平板CPL蒸发器预热驱动过程研究

分析了小型平板CPL蒸发器毛细多孔芯上下表面温差对启动的影响,建立了蒸发器满液启动的数学模型.结果表明,对不同的金属外壁,多孔芯上下表面平均温差存在一个最大值,铜壁时,温差较小,侧壁效应明显;采用不锈钢壁及上壁铜、侧壁下壁不锈钢时,温差大,侧壁效应小;采用不锈钢外壁时蒸发器加热面的温度过高.上壁采用导热系数大、侧壁下壁为导热系数小的金属对小型平板CPL蒸发器的正常启动以及降低加热表面温度非常有利.     

小型平板CPL蒸发器优化设计研究

本文建立了小型平板CPL蒸发器二维的整场数学模型,并用SIMPLE程序对蒸发器进行整场耦合求解.研究表明,平板型CPL蒸发器存在着侧壁效应传热极限,减小液体补偿腔的高度,减小侧壁以及下壁的厚度以及增加毛细芯的高度可以提高CPL的传热能力.     

CPL蒸发器多孔芯传热传质特性的新数学模型

毛细循环泵(CPL),由于具有高热传输性能,目前已经成为大功率载荷的电子芯片排热系统的一个重要发展方向,尤其是在航空航天飞行器上。选择一种具有较大相变潜热的工质,例如甲醇, CPL可以传输相当大的热流。本文对CPL蒸发器多孔芯流动和传热的数值模拟提出了一个新的发展方向,就是在计算中加入非饱和模型数值计算。文中阐述了加入非饱和计算的三层模型对真实模拟蒸发器多孔芯流动和传热问题的重要性,并给出了应用新的三层模型所得到的初步计算结果。     

CPL蒸发器毛细芯中流动与传热的场协同分析

本文从场协同的角度分析工质在蒸发器毛细芯中的流动与传热情况,针对不同的蒸发器肋片结构参数、毛细多孔芯厚度以及不同的热流密度进行了数值分析。结果表明,利用场协同原理,可以解释不同的蒸发器结构参数和热负荷对蒸发器传热效果的影响,从而为优化蒸发器结构,提高CPL效能提供理论依据。     

多蒸发器CPL热管及纳米流体应用于热管的研究进展

毛细泵回路热管(CPL)具有较高的传热能力,控温能力强,在航空和电子元器件的冷却方面具有广泛的应用背景,采用纳米流体强化热管内部的传热性能获得了越来越多的关注.文中首先介绍了多蒸发器CPL热管的工作原理、特点及研究现状;其次分析纳米流体应用于各种热管强化传热的研究现状,指出以纳米流体为工质的多蒸发器CPL的特点及其优势...     

组合式吸液芯内液汽相变过程的数值模拟

本文对高温热管吸液芯多孔介质内金属钠液的液汽相变过程进行了模拟研究,并采用流体体积分数模型和传质模型对此过程进行了数值分析.研究表明孔隙率和渗透率越大的组合式吸液芯多孔介质,热量在液态金属中的传递速率越快,进而可以增加高温热管的传热量,提高传热效率;但是孔隙率和渗透率越大,组合式吸液芯多孔介质加热壁面的温度分布越不均匀,产生沸腾传热极限的可能性亦越大.     

两相闭式热虹吸管内不同表面蒸发器的沸腾换热实验研究

本文设计搭建了带有蒸发器的两相闭式热虹吸管的气液两相流动与传热特性的可视化实验平台,制备了多种尺寸的光滑表面蒸发器,并采用电镀的方法制备了微纳米尺度的多孔表面蒸发器,研究了光滑表面蒸发器和微纳米尺度多孔表面蒸发器内工质R134a的气液两相运行状态和相变传热过程。研究结果表明:光滑表面蒸发器的流道尺寸会影响其在不同热流密度条件下的传热系数;多孔表面蒸发器的传热效果要远高于光滑表面的蒸发器,最高达到光滑表面蒸发器传热系数的4倍;不同尺寸的光滑表面蒸发器和多孔表面蒸发器热流密度从零到临界热流密度所经过的沸腾状态也存在较大差异。     

薄层物料受激光脉冲热作用的数值模拟

有别于传统的将加热光源作为第二类边界条件的传热计算方法,考虑到激光与薄层多孔材料热相互作用,将激光加热处理为在被加热物料内沿光程按指数规律衰减的内加热源.考虑到薄层多孔材料在大功率微秒脉冲激光作用下可能会出现极为明显的非傅立叶效应,采用非傅立叶导热的双曲型模型描述多孔材料内的传热过程,并用有限差分方法对其进行数值求解,重点分析并讨论了薄层多孔材料的非傅立叶导热现象与物料的光学性质之间的相关关系.     

带肋气膜冷却平板的数值模拟研究

本文对不带肋和带45°肋气膜冷却平板的三维对流换热与导热耦合传热问题进行了数值模拟。网格划分采用非结构化网格,湍流模型为SSTκ-ε模型,近壁处采用壁面函数法,采用SIMPLEC算法求解速度和压力的耦合。计算获得了不带肋和带45°肋气膜冷却平板的流场分布和平板内外表面的换热系数值。结果表明带45°肋的气膜冷却平板通道流场结构比较复杂,平板表面平均温度较无肋气膜冷却平板表面平均温度下降,而在近气膜孔区域冷、热表面平均换热系数较无肋时增大。     

工质及材料对基于AMTEC多孔芯蒸发器性能的影响

以基于AMTEC的碟式太阳能热发电系统的毛细抽吸两相回路多孔芯蒸发器为对象,建立轴对称恒温相变模型,研究了分别以钠、钾、钠钾合金为工质时的毛细多孔芯及液体通道内压力、速度和温度分布,以及多孔芯材料分别为高温陶瓷、不锈钢、镍时的蒸发器内热质传输特性。结果表明,以钠钾合金为工质的多孔芯内表面温度要明显低于钠和钾;以高温陶瓷为多孔芯材料时,多孔芯内表面温度最低,使用镍为多孔芯材料时,内表面温度最高。     

Experimental and numerical study of the effect of conjugate heat transfer on film cooling

Combined convection heat transfer and thermal conduction for film cooling of a flat plate with 45° ribs on one wall was investigated experimentally and numerically. The flat plate surface temperature was measured using thermochromic liquid crystals. The results show that the film cooling is the main mechanism for the local cooling with a very low thermal conductivity while the convection heat transfer of the coolant in the coolant channel is the dominant heat transfer mechanism for the high thermal conductivity plate, with both film cooling and convection heat transfer by the coolant being important with medium thermal conductivity walls.     

Thermal Performance of a Capillary Pumped Loop for Automotive Cooling

The design and test results for a capillary pumped loop (CPL) for thermal management of up to 210 W at the source and heat transfer over a distance of 1 m are discussed. The design configuration of the CPL evaporator consists of an internally grooved aluminum evaporator, 31.70-mm outer diameter and 500-mm long, fitted with a porous ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wick, 8- to 15-μm pore radius, and 38% porous volume. Heat was transferred using a stainless steel tube of 4.5-mm internal diameter for vapor and liquid lines. High-grade acetone (99.99% pure) was used as the heat transfer fluid inside the loop. In the tests, thermal characteristics of the CPL were specifically studied with respect to the temperature control capability using an active thermal device on the reservoir and to the start-up process through pressure priming of the capillary evaporator. The loop was able to start-up successfully at both low and high heat loads, although proper priming of the wick structure before start-up was necessary to attain low evaporator temperatures during steady-state operation. While maintaining constant reservoir temperature through active means, the loop was able to control evaporator temperature within 55 ± 3°C, even with changing input heat from 30 to 210 W. Total thermal resistance from the evaporator surface to the surroundings was 0.19° to 1.15° C/W with the minimum value achieved at the maximum heat load of 210 W. This study is intended to illustrate the thermal potential of the CPL as an effective temperature control device in automotive applications.     

低温预冷换热规律及表面改性影响研究

调研了低温管路预冷及两相换热的研究现状,阐述了低温预冷瞬态换热特性;介绍了金属表面改性对预冷规律的影响,仿真了低导热涂层管的预冷换热规律.研究发现:液氮预冷主要由膜态沸腾支配,且预冷耗时较长;液氢预冷未见膜态沸腾,预冷耗时更短.促进膜态沸腾向过渡沸腾的更早转化有利于预冷加速,且转化温度迁移可通过内壁表面结构改性实现,可...     

Coefficient de transfert, à l'interface de vaporisation,d'une boucle fluide diphasique à pompage thermocapillaire

Heat transfer coefficient at vaporisation interface of a two phase capillary loop. In this article, we present the results of heat transfer coefficient measurements at the vaporisation interface of a capillary pumped two-phase loop for two different types of evaporators and various powers. High contact between the evaporator wall and the porous wick, which induces capillary pumping, prevents vapor from escaping and being forced back into the wick and inhibits the device starting up. First, the surface state of the evaporator wall, then the minimum distance between wall and porous wick necessary to optimize operating conditions have been established.     

Recent Advances in Loop Heat Pipes with Flat Evaporator

The focus of this review is to present the current advances in Loop Heat Pipes (LHP) with flat evaporators, which address the current challenges to the wide implementation of the technology. A recent advance in LHP is the design of flat-shaped evaporators, which is better suited to the geometry of discretely mounted electronics components (microprocessors) and therefore negate the need for an additional transfer surface (saddle) between component and evaporator. However, various challenges exist in the implementation of flat-evaporator, including (1) deformation of the evaporator due to high internal pressure and uneven stress distribution in the non-circular casing; (2) heat leak from evaporator heating zone and sidewall into the compensation chamber; (3) poor performance at start-up; (4) reverse flow through the wick; or (5) difficulties in sealing, and hence frequent leakage. This paper presents and reviews state-of-the-art LHP technologies; this includes an (a) review of novel manufacturing methods; (b) LHP evaporator designs; (c) working fluids; and (d) construction materials. The work presents solutions that are used to develop or improve the LHP construction, overall thermal performance, heat transfer distance, start-up time (especially at low heat loads), manufacturing cost, weight, possibilities of miniaturization and how they affect the solution on the above-presented problems and challenges in flat shape LHP development to take advantage in the passive cooling systems for electronic devices in multiple applications.     

两相毛细泵环蒸发器性能的实验研究

本文对两根毛细泵环反向式蒸发器的传热性能进行了实验研究．研究了不同槽道结构尺寸及不同毛细材料组合对蒸发器传热性能的影响，并研究了蒸发器入口液体不同的过冷度等因素对蒸发器传热性能的影响。     

Thermal hydraulic characterization of stainless steel wicks for heat pipe applications

Heat pipe design and manufacturing require the knowledge of the thermal hydraulic performance of the wicks. The aim of the present work is the thermal hydraulic characterization of stainless steel wicks (sintered porous media and gauzes) to be employed in our experimental water heat pipe. Commercial sintered porous media (able to capture 90 % of 90 μm particles and 99.9 % of 130 μm particles) and gauzes (nominal wire size 0.11 mm, square mesh opening 0.209 mm) have been used. Thermal hydraulic characterization of the wicks is obtained through the experimental measurement of: capillary height (through which the equivalent porous radius can be evaluated), liquid hydraulic head (through which the liquid pressure drop in the wick is evaluated) wick permeability is also evaluated from the hydraulic head (through Darcy's law), heat flux, wick mass flow rate during the evaporation (through which, from the knowledge of other measured wick parameters, the wick two-phase pressure drop is calculated) and wick porosity (through which the thermal conductivity of the wick saturated with liquid can be determined). Concerning the heat flux, it is found to be dependent on the distance between the liquid level and the evaporating zone, the evaporating zone length, the wall superheat and the water subcooling, the contact between the heater and the wick and the superficial boundary conditions of the wick.     

热管吸液芯的研究进展

文中对热管内吸液芯的研究进展进行了阐述,着重从对热管传热性能起主要影响作用的比表面积、孔隙率、渗透率、有效毛细半径、密度、有效导热系数等结构参数方面进行了分析,最后介绍了多孔泡沫金属这一新型的热管吸液芯,并指出了今后的研究方向.