WnNim(n+m=8)团簇的极性和光谱性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP方法,在LANL2DZ基组水平上对WnNim(n+m=8)团簇的各种可能构型进行了几何参数全优化,得到了它们的基态构型;并对基态构型的偶极距、极化率、红外光谱和拉曼光谱性质进行了分析,结果表明:团簇WnNim(n+m=8)都具有极性,富W团簇非线性光学效应强,容易被外加场极化;振动频率主要分布在0-350 cm-1范围内,团簇W4Ni4因其振动方式的特殊性,红外光谱和拉曼光谱在频率421.971 cm-1处,都有明显强峰;团簇W5Ni3因其结构的高对称性在振动光谱中出现多处共振现象.     

NaF-AlF3二元系铝氟四面体团簇结构的拉曼光谱表征与量子化学从头计算

本文构建了一系列NaF-AlF3二元系铝氟四面体团簇结构模型, 应用量子化学从头计算方法, 采用Restricted Hatree-Fock(RHF)自洽场方法和6-31G(d)基组对结构进行优化, 并用相同的方法和基组进行分子振动模式的模拟计算。考虑相邻铝氟四面体的影响, 引入四面体应力指数(SIT)的概念分析和讨论该二元系高频区非桥氟对称伸缩振动及中频区桥氟对称弯曲振动模式。研究表明, 高频区铝氟四面体非桥氟对称伸缩振动频率与其铝氟四面体的种类(Qi)密切相关, 且铝氟四面体非桥氟对称伸缩振动频率的值随SIT值的增大而增大, 呈现较好的线性关系。同时, NaF-AlF3二元系团簇结构的中频区桥氟对称弯曲振动频率主要受桥氟角度的影响。并采用高温拉曼仪测定了分子比为NaF:AlF3 =1∶2体系的升温拉曼光谱, 随着温度的升高NaF:AlF3 =1∶2体系的主峰逐渐向低频移动, 观察到Q0、Q1、Q2峰位的变化。     

Mg_2Si_n(n=1～9)团簇结构、稳定性与光谱性质的密度泛函理论研究

运用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP方法,在6-311G(d)基组的水平上对Mg2Sin(n=1~9)团簇的多种可能几何构型进行了结构优化,获得了各个尺寸下团簇的最低能量结构,随后对最低能量构型的稳定性、红外光谱与拉曼光谱性质进行了理论研究。结果发现:当n≥3时,Mg2Sin团簇的基态构型均为立体结构;Mg原子的掺入提高了体系的化学活性;Mg2Si4与Mg2Si6是幻数结构;在相同的观察频段内,Mg2Si4团簇的红外光谱只有一个强振动峰,拉曼光谱强振动峰的个数较多且位于高频段内,其拉曼活性较强,与之相反,Mg2Si6团簇的红外光谱强振动峰个数较多,而拉曼光谱强振动峰则只有一个,表明其红外活性较强。     

环状碲团簇Te_n(n=3-12)拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论研究北大核心CSCD

采用密度泛函理论研究了气相环状碲团簇Ten(n=3-12)的拉曼光谱.使用B3LYP方法,四种Dunning相关一致性基组(包括三ζ函数cc-p VTZ-PP,aug-cc-p VTZ-PP,sdb-cc-p VTZ以及sdbaug-cc-p VTZ基组)进行了计算.以Te12为例,基组是否包含弥散函数(aug)所造成的最大拉曼活性值差异仅为5.57和5.844/amu,相应的振动波数差异仅为0.34和0.27 cm-1,因此弥散函数对环状碲团簇的拉曼计算是无关紧要的.以采取aug-cc-p VTZ-PP基组计算Te7为例,振动波数与文献已有值之差最小仅为0.16 cm-1,计算结果与文献已有值符合得很好.各团簇的拉曼光谱图表现出不同的谱线轮廓,可以作为环状碲团簇相互间区分鉴别的有力依据.     

环状碲团簇Te_n(n=3-12)拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了气相环状碲团簇Ten(n=3-12)的拉曼光谱.使用B3LYP方法,四种Dunning相关一致性基组(包括三ζ函数cc-p VTZ-PP,aug-cc-p VTZ-PP,sdb-cc-p VTZ以及sdbaug-cc-p VTZ基组)进行了计算.以Te12为例,基组是否包含弥散函数(aug)所造成的最大拉曼活性值差异仅为5.57和5.844/amu,相应的振动波数差异仅为0.34和0.27 cm-1,因此弥散函数对环状碲团簇的拉曼计算是无关紧要的.以采取aug-cc-p VTZ-PP基组计算Te7为例,振动波数与文献已有值之差最小仅为0.16 cm-1,计算结果与文献已有值符合得很好.各团簇的拉曼光谱图表现出不同的谱线轮廓,可以作为环状碲团簇相互间区分鉴别的有力依据.     

Al_nCl(n=2～14)团簇结构与光谱性质的密度泛函理论研究

在卡里普索(CALYPSO)结构预测方法的基础上,运用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的杂化密度泛函B3LYP,在6-311G+(d)基组水平上,对AlnCl(n=2~14)团簇进行了几何构型优化与电子性质计算。同时,讨论了AlnCl(n=2~14)团簇的平均结合能、能级间隙、二阶能量差分、解离能等性质随着团簇尺寸的演化规律以及红外、拉曼光谱的性质。研究结果表明AlnCl(n=2~14)团簇基态结构由平面结构向三维立体结构演化,形成Cl原子戴帽的Aln-1Cl团簇基态结构,Al7Cl是团簇的幻数结构,AlnCl(n=2~14)团簇的红外振动峰在高频段上只有一个较强的振动峰,而拉曼活性谱图显示,拉曼强振动峰个数较多,并且在中低频段内活性较高。     

LaCl_3溶液中微团簇的光谱研究

对LaCl_3溶液拉曼和荧光光谱及其变化进行了理论计算和实验研究,得到了较为全面的光谱信息。基于密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d,p)+Def2-SV(p)基组水平上计算了氯化镧溶液中的微团簇结构,结果表明微团簇分子趋向于形成9配位结构,验证了计算方法的可行性。理论拉曼光谱与实验光谱相比基本一致,随着LaCl_3的加入溶液拉曼光谱在300~600cm~(-1)范围内峰的强度稍微增大,原因可能为La—O振动与水中O—H的面内、面外摇摆峰叠加形成的;在3 000~4 000cm~(-1)范围内,氯化镧溶液与水相比峰形变窄,可能是由于在溶液中原有的水团簇结构破坏后形成的镧水合物中O—H的伸缩振动导致。荧光发射光谱在350nm处出现明显的新峰,且与浓度呈良好的线性关系,从络合物角度实现了对氯化镧溶液的定量分析;同样的基组水平上计算了团簇的荧光发射中心,在误差允许范围内,理论计算与实验值基本吻合,实现了对实验光谱中新峰的指认与归属。     

环状碲团簇Ten（n=3-12）拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了气相环状碲团簇Ten（n=3-12）的拉曼光谱． 使用B3LYP方法, 四种Dunning相关一致性基组（包括三ζ函数cc-pVTZ-PP, aug-cc-pVTZ-PP, sdb-cc-pVTZ以及sdb-aug-cc-pVTZ基组）进行了计算． 以Te12为例, 基组是否包含弥散函数（aug）所造成的最大拉曼活性值差异仅为5.57和5.84Å4/amu, 相应的振动波数差异仅为0.34和0.27cm-1, 因此弥散函数对环状碲团簇的拉曼计算是无关紧要的． 以采取aug-cc-pVTZ-PP基组计算Te7为例, 振动波数与文献已有值之差最小仅为0.16cm-1, 计算结果与文献已有值符合得很好． 各团簇的拉曼光谱图表现出不同的谱线轮廓, 可以作为环状碲团簇相互间区分鉴别的有力依据．     

硅酸盐玻璃和熔体结构的拉曼光谱定量解析

采用核磁共振谱和拉曼光谱对不同Na_2O浓度的系列二元钠硅酸盐玻璃进行了测定。采用精细结构Q_i~(jklm)对所得的核磁共振谱进行分峰拟合,得到不同Q_i~(jklm)结构在核磁共振谱中的化学位移和相对含量以及初级结构Q_i的相对含量。此外,通过构建系列硅酸盐玻璃和熔体中存在的团簇结构模型,采用量子化学从头计算方法模拟团簇的振动波数和拉曼活性,获取拉曼光谱散射截面函数。结果表明,开发的拉曼光谱定量方法与核磁共振方法在硅酸盐玻璃结构的解析上吻合良好,实验也表明适合高温原位检测的拉曼光谱技术可以实现硅酸盐熔体结构的定量解析。     

Mg_n(2≤n≤15)的几何结构和振动频率及光谱研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法计算了Mgn(2≤n≤15)团簇的键长、能量、二阶能量差分、配位数、能隙、光谱等性质,找到了Mgn(2≤n≤15)团簇的较稳定结构并确定幻数团簇,然后对这些稳定结构进行光谱分析。采用3-21g和lanl2dz一大一小两种基组分别进行计算,结果表明,两种基组计算结果在基态结构上相差不大,只有二阶能量差分有较小的区别,lanl2dz基组计算的键长偏长;Mg4、Mg10、Mg15为较稳定结构,其中Mg4、Mg10为幻数团簇;除Mg2之外,其他团簇都有红外、拉曼活性;对稳定结构的光谱分析发现,Mg10的红外谱峰最多,Mg15的光谱强度最大。     

Density functional study of the electronic structure and properties of lithium intercalated graphite

Ab initio electronic-structure calculations are performed using density functional theory (DFT) with polarized basis set (LanL2DZ and 6-311G⁺⁺) within the spin polarized generalized gradient approximation for lithium intercalated graphite. Initially different benzene-Li⁺ model clusters are optimized on the basis of their total energy at room temperature. These model clusters are used to calculate the optimized structure of lithium intercalated graphite clusters. The resultant optimized structures are used to calculate dipole moment, ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), binding energy (BE) and vibrational spectra (IR and Raman). For an idea of the band gap of the clusters in the ground state, the HOMO-LUMO gap (ΔE_g) has been calculated. To compare the electron transfer ability of different clusters, chemical potential (μ), hardness (η) and their ratio for different clusters have also been determined.     

钠磷酸盐精细结构的拉曼光谱解析

构建了钠磷酸盐精细结构团簇,应用量子化学从头计算方法,采用闭壳层Hatree-Fock(RHF)方法和6-31G(d, p)基组优化构型,进行了拉曼光谱的模拟计算。引入SIT应力指数标识磷酸盐局部微观精细结构,讨论和分析了磷酸盐在高频区的非桥氧对称伸缩振动的特征谱峰。结果表明SIT值与相应结构特征谱峰的拉曼位移呈良好相关性。采用高温拉曼光谱仪测定了Na₅P₃O₁₀固态及熔体的变温拉曼光谱,观察到了Na₅P₃O₁₀在873～1 073 K间的相变。Na₅P₃O₁₀晶体的微结构单元为Q2₁与Q11₂, 其理论含量比例为2∶1。随着温度升高,Na₅P₃O₁₀的主要峰包中心向低频移动,熔融后体系中出现了Q₀,Q1₁,Q2₁,Q11₂,Q12₂,Q22₂等多种精细结构单元,导致其拉曼光谱的展宽与不对称性的出现。这些概念的建立和运用为磷酸盐熔体及玻璃的拉曼光谱的定量分析奠定了基础。     

枪晶石变温拉曼光谱及其固液相微结构研究

枪晶石在传统冶金连铸保护渣中起着十分重要的作用。采用紫外激光光源和电荷耦合器件(CCD)探测器,测定了枪晶石晶体和高温拉曼光谱(温度范围:298~1 723 K),观察了其在变温状态(升温和降温过程)下的特征谱变化。谱图结果显示,枪晶石熔态微结构单元与固态的相比更为多元化,表明熔体状态下多种团簇结构共存。同时,利用枪晶石晶胞结构模型,通过Dmol3密度泛函(DFT)理论计算了其分子振动频率,将其与实验值相结合,确定了特征谱峰的归属,为进一步采用拉曼光谱法原位研究保护渣中枪晶石的结构变化与行为特征提供了重要依据。     

Production of nanocrystalline silicon layers using the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition from the gas phase of silicon tetrafluoride

The production of silicon layers using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition in the mixture of silicon tetrafluoride and hydrogen is reported. The samples have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. The phase composition of the layers is nanocrystalline silicon with the crystalline-domain sizes from 3 to 9 nm in dependence of the conditions of the process. The samples are characterized by intense photoluminescence at room temperature.     

二元碱金属硅酸盐精细结构和拉曼光谱的从头计算研究

应用量子化学从头计算方法研究了二元碱金属硅酸盐的精细结构,对典型的系列二元碱金属硅酸盐离子簇模型采用6-31G(d)基组和闭壳层Hartree-Fock(RHF)方法优化构型,并计算了二元碱金属硅酸盐的拉曼光谱,采用硅氧四面体应力指数这一精细结构参数分析和讨论了计算得到的非桥氧高频区对称伸缩振动频率和其拉曼光学活性,以及不同阳离子对该拉曼光学活性的影响。研究表明,二元碱金属硅酸盐非桥氧高频区对称伸缩振动频率与其精细结构密切相关,而且与Q₃相连的Q₄会对该Q₃的拉曼光学活性表现出增强作用。这说明二元碱金属硅酸盐的拉曼散射等性质主要依赖于其精细结构而非其初级结构单元-硅氧四面体。研究还表明,半径较大的阳离子有利于增强离子簇的拉曼光学活性,但对于小的离子簇,过多的电荷迁移反而会起到抑制作用。     

Elastic strain at the interface in Ge clusters on Si substrate—a Raman spectroscopic measurement

Ge clusters are grown on Si substrate at room temperature (Ge-RT) and also at liquid nitrogen temperature (Ge-LNT) by cluster evaporation technique. These clusters show blue luminescence. Raman measurement demonstrates the increase in strain with annealing in diffused disordered Si at the interface between Ge-LNT clusters and Si substrate. This manifests in strain-relaxation in the clusters as observed by Photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The decrease in PL intensity for Ge-RT with annealing has been attributed to reduction in surface oxide species, which is supported by Raman spectroscopic measurements. The objective of the paper is to understand the effect of thermal annealing on both interfacial strain and interdiffusion of elemental Si at the interface, together with luminescence characteristics of the clusters.     

Laser heating method for estimation of carbon nanotube purity

A new method of a carbon nanotube purity estimation has been developed on the basis of Raman spectroscopy. The spectra of carbon soot containing different amounts of nanotubes were registered under heating from a probing laser beam with a step-by-step increased power density. The material temperature in the laser spot was estimated from a position of the tangential Raman mode demonstrating a linear thermal shift (-0.012 cm^-1/K) from the position 1592 cm^-1 (at room temperature). The rate of the material temperature rise versus the laser power density (determining the slope of a corresponding graph) appeared to correlate strongly with the nanotube content in the soot. The influence of the experimental conditions on the slope value has been excluded via a simultaneous measurement of a reference sample with a high nanotube content (95 vol. %). After the calibration (done by a comparison of the Raman and the transmission electron microscopy data for the nanotube percentage in the same samples) the Raman-based method is able to provide a quantitative purity estimation for any nanotube-containing material. Received: 11 December 2001 / Accepted: 12 December 2001 / Published online: 4 March 2002     

Basis set limit binding energies of hydrogen bonded clusters

The utility of the recently developed extrapolation method to estimate the binding energies of weakly bound clusters at the basis set limit exploiting the similar basis set convergence behaviour of correlation energies of the monomer and cluster in correlated calculations (J. chem. Phys., 116, 5389 (2002)) was tested for small to medium (HF)_n and (H₂O)_n (n = 2–5) clusters using various correlation consistent cc-pVXZ (X= D,T,Q,5) basis sets containing different numbers of diffuse functions and 6–31G type basis sets at the MP2 and CCSD(T) level for which accurate basis set limits are available for comparison. It is shown that the basis set limit binding energies estimated by this extrapolation method with modest size of basis sets (cc-pVDZ/cc-pVTZ or 6–3 1 G(d,p)/6-3 IG(2df,2pd)) are much closer to the exact basis set limits than the estimates by commonly used X ^?3 extrapolation or counterpoise corrected binding energies, signifying the importance of this extrapolation method for the study of large weakly bound clusters. It is also shown that the inclusion of appropriate diffuse functions in the basis sets can significantly improve the accuracy of the estimated basis set limits by this extrapolation method. For (HF)_n clusters the MP2 and CCSD(T) basis set limits estimated by this extrapolation method with aug-cc-pVDZ and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets are 18.4 (18.5) and 18.9 (18.9) for the dimer, 61.8 (62) and 63.2 (63) for the trimer, 113.5 and 114.7 (116) for the tetramer, and 155.2 and 156.3 (158) for the pentamer, respectively, with the values in parentheses representing the apparent basis set limits, with the numbers in units of kJ mol^?1. The corresponding results for (H₂O)_n clusters are 20.5 (20.5) and 20.6 (20.7) for (H₂O)₂, and 60.5 (61) and 60.1 (60) for (H₂O)₃, respectively.