硬段侧链含有氟化双季铵盐的聚氨酯表面性能及抗菌性能分析

研究了硬段侧链含有氟化双季铵盐的系列聚氨酯(FQPUs)的表面性能和抗菌性能. 水接触角测试和表面自由能测试结果表明, 加入少量氟化双季铵盐扩链剂, 可以使聚氨酯表面富集氟碳链, 氟化双季铵盐聚氨酯表面自由能很低, 具有很好的抗黏附性能. 迁移到表面的两条氟碳链在常温下不会发生链反转, 使材料的抗黏附性能得以保持. 同时, 使材料表面形成一层疏水层, 减小材料的吸水率. XPS研究结果表明, 氟碳链的-CF₃位于材料的最外层, 材料的次表面是具有良好杀菌性能的双季铵盐, 这样形成了具有多重抗菌性能的表面. 另外, XPS研究结果表明, 材料表面化学结构与材料本体的微相分离结构相关. 抗菌性能测试结果表明, 氟化双季铵盐聚氨酯抗金黄色葡萄球菌的能力很强, 对于大肠杆菌的抗菌效果有所下降, 但相对于单季铵盐聚氨酯的抗菌效果有一定提高.     

赖氨酸乙酯扩链聚氨酯弹性体的制备

以1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)为硬段、聚碳酸酯二元醇(PCDL)为软段、赖氨酸乙酯盐酸盐(Lys-OEt)作为扩链剂合成一种新型聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯弹性体.通过力学性能测试、原子力显微镜(AFM)、红外光谱分析和细胞培养,探讨了聚氨酯弹性体软硬段比例、扩链剂对材料性能的影响和材料的细胞毒性.结果表明:随着硬段含量的增加,聚氨酯的机械性能提高.采用Lys-OEt扩链的聚氨酯弹性体拉伸强度达到18.6 MPa,在Lys-OEt、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)3种扩链剂中力学性能最佳.初步的细胞培养实验证明,该材料具有良好的细胞相容性.     

扩链剂对脂肪族聚氨酯脲和聚脲弹性体结构与性能的影响

用异佛尔酮二胺(IPDA)、乙二胺(EDA)和己二胺(HDA)三种扩链剂合成了不同结构的脂肪族聚氨酯脲和聚脲, 并考察了扩链剂对聚氨酯脲和聚脲形态结构与性能的影响. 研究结果表明, 与EDA和HDA扩链的聚氨酯脲和聚脲相比, IPDA扩链的聚氨酯脲和聚脲中脲羰基的氢键化程度较低, 软段和硬段间的相混合程度较好; 同时它们具有更好的拉伸强度、硬度和撕裂强度, 但断裂伸长率较低. EDA和HDA扩链的聚氨酯脲和聚脲相比, 两者性能相差不大. 聚氨酯脲的脲羰基较完善氢键化程度以及整个氢键化程度都比聚脲的要低, 同时聚氨酯脲的吸水率也较低.     

侧链为端羧基聚乙二醇的梳形聚氨酯的合成与表征

以L-赖氨酸、乙二胺和端羧基聚乙二醇(PEG)为原料合成一种带聚乙二醇侧链的二元胺扩链剂(Lys-NH-PEG),然后以4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和Lys-NH-PEG为硬段,聚碳酸酯二醇(PCD)为软段,制备一种含端羧基聚乙二醇侧链的梳形聚氨酯.对所合成聚氨酯材料进行傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、氢核磁共振谱(1H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测试,测试结果表明得到了目标聚合物.该聚合物能在水中形成胶体,并能化学接枝白蛋白,表明所合成的聚氨酯的PEG侧链端羧基具有反应活性.这种具有可反应性的聚氨酯为进一步接枝生物分子以提高生物相容性提供了广阔的空间.     

扩链剂对水性聚氨酯脲与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合体系结构和性能的影响

分别用乙二胺 (EDA)和水作为扩链剂制备了聚氨酯脲 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PUA)水分散液 .借助DSC、DMA、FTIR研究了扩链剂对PUA的结构和性能的影响 .结果表明在EDA扩链体系中 ,虽然聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA)和聚酯软段以及扩链剂与异氰酸酯生成的硬段均有一定程度的相容性 ,但由此合成的PUA仍具有多相结构 ;水扩链体系只有一个较宽的二级转变区 ,各相之间有较大程度的混合 .由EDA扩链合成的PUA在耐溶剂、耐水性及拉伸强度等方面优于水扩链体系 .两种扩链剂体系所得PUA的性能差异 ,主要与二者和异氰酸酯反应生成的脲键密度不同 ,导致不同的微相结构有关     

具有X-射线自显影功能的碘代聚氨酯栓塞剂材料的研究

设计合成四碘代双酚A(IBPA)作为扩链剂,以聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS-OH)为软段、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和IBPA为硬段,通过偶联反应获得一种新型X-射线聚氨酯显影材料.红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱确定所合成碘代聚氨酯(I-PUs)的结构与组成,并用示差扫描量热法,热重分析,X-射线衍射仪和临床X-射线仪评价不同IBPA含量的碘代聚氨酯的热性能、结晶性和显影效果.结果表明,碘代扩链剂IBPA较高含量的引入对聚合物的热稳定性有一定的影响,并促使聚氨酯由结晶态向非晶态转变.引入IBPA对聚氨酯的显影效果有很好的促进增强作用,聚氨酯材料及微球均具有较好的X光显影效果.噻唑蓝比色法(MTT)评价细胞毒性证实制备的较高碘含量的聚氨酯材料均无细胞毒性,是一种很好的血管栓塞剂材料.     

聚酯的序列结构对聚氨酯弹性体形貌的影响

以己二酸(AA),1,4-丁二醇(BDO),乙二醇(EG)分别采用一步法、二步法合成分子量为3000的聚酯PAEB-R和聚酯PAEB-A.再分别与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、扩链剂1,4-丁二醇(BDO),乙二醇(EG)反应分别合成固含量30%与粘度为20000的聚氨酯(PAEB-R)-MDI-TPU和聚氨酯(PAEB-A)-MDI-TPU.SEM、AFM表明不同工艺所合成的聚氨酯均存在微相分离,且聚氨酯(PAEB-R)-MDI-TPU微相分离程度高于(PAEB-A)-MDI-TPU.     

主链含四重氢键基元聚氨酯的合成与性能

合成了一种新型含有UPy(2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidone)基团的二羟基化合物,以此二羟基化合物作扩链剂,通过与聚氨酯预聚体进行的扩链反应,制备了一系列主链含UPy的聚氨酯(PU-UPy).傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、氢核磁共振(1H-NMR)等测试结果表明,在聚氨酯主链中确实含有UPy链段.同时,热性能及力学性能测试表明,聚氨酯中的UPy二聚体会集聚而形成微晶,熔点在60℃附近.在聚氨酯主链中引入UPy,能大幅提高聚氨酯的力学性能,调整软段的分子量,以及在主链中UPy含量可改变聚氨酯弹性体的断裂伸长率和抗张强度.     

基于四重氢键作用的相变保温聚氨酯

以一种新型含四重氢键脲基嘧啶酮单元（2-脲-4[1H]-嘧啶酮,UPy）的二元醇为扩链剂,扩链异氰酸酯基封端的1,6-己二异氰酸酯（HDI）与聚乙二醇（PEG）合成的聚氨酯预聚物,成功合成了含四重氢键单元的相变保温聚氨酯。通过DSC、XRD、黏度测试及拉伸力学性能测试对聚氨酯进行了性能分析。结果表明：该聚氨酯具有较好的...     

阴离子型水性聚氨酯分散液胶束粒径及形态的研究

用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二元醇、扩链剂(extender)通过“二步法”合成了阴离子型水性聚氨酯分散体。动态激光光散射对其胶束直径的测试结果表明,胶束的直径与聚氨酯结构中的二元醇/扩链剂摩尔比有密切的关系,同时也依赖于所用二元醇结构的亲水性。当聚氨酯结构中亲水单元与疏水单元的含量比处于某一数值时,胶束直径最小;亲水单元含量太多时,胶束因为水性介质的溶剂化作用而膨胀,直至成为溶液状态;当疏水性单元含量太多时,胶束因为水性介质的排斥而聚集沉淀。     

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Properties of the Novel Fluonnated Bis-ammonium Salts with Two Primary Amine Groups

In order to resolve the increasing resistance phenomena of the Gram-negative bacteria against single chain quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), lysine with a pedant fluorinated bis-ammonium salts was synthesized and its antimicrobial properties were evaluated in this work. The novel fluorinated bis-ammonium salts shows similar activity with conventional single chain quaternary ammonium salts against Gram-positive bacteria but stronger activity against Gram-negative bacteria and yeast compared with the single chained counterpart.     

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SINGLE AND MIXED AMMONIUM AND PHOSPHONIUM SALTS GRAFTED ON "GEL-TYPE" STYRENE-DIVINYLBENZENE COPOLYMERS*

1.INTRODUCTIONThesynthesisofpolymer-supported"onium"salts(ammoniumandphosphonium)(1~5(wasdiscussedindetailduetothewidefieldofutilizationas:polarstationaryphasesforanionchromatography(6(,polymericreagentsfortrans-quaternizationreactions(7,8(,phase-transfercatalysts(9~13(andpolycationicbiocides(14~17(.Manychemicalmaterialssuchasozone,liquidchlorine,sodiumhydrochloride,s.a.,havebeenlargelyusedtosterilizeairandwater.Suchmaterialsrequirespecialequipmentandcarelessusemaycauseenvironmentalpolluti…     

POLYMER—SUPPORTED SINGLE AND MIXED AMMONIUM AND PHOSPHONIUM SALTS AS CATALYSTS FOR PHASE—TRANSFER REACTIONS

In this study was to investigate,by phase-transfer catalysis,the activity of single and mixed ammonium and phosphonium salts grafted on a “gel-type“ stryene-7% divinylbenzene copolymer in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol with hydrogen peroxide.A wide variety of catalysts with different quaternary groups and different quaternary chain length substitutents were examined.The activity of single“onium“salts increases as a consequence of the association of ammonium and phosphonium salts grafted onn the same polymeric support.The activity of polymer-supported ammonium and phosphonium salts increases with the number of carbon atoms contained in the alkyl radicals of the -onium and of the functionalization degree with phosphonium groups.     

The Quarternisation of Tertiary Amines with Dihalomethane

Whereas dichloromethane is inert towards reaction with most tertiary amines under atmospheric conditions, it readily reacts with a wide variety at high pressures to produce α-chloro quaternary ammonium and even bis-ammonium salts. The reaction of dichloromethane and dibromomethane with eleven tertiary amines and properties of the products are described.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial characterization of novel l-lysine gemini surfactants pended with reactive groups

A series of novel quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants of l-lysine containing ester group were synthesized with high yield rate. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of these gemini surfactants were evaluated by quantifying the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results indicated that the quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants exhibited improved activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. The pended ester group provides a reactive site for incorporating the surfactant into polymers, thus leading to the polymers with high antimicrobial efficiency.     

Bacterial adhesion inhibition of the quaternary ammonium functionalized silica nanoparticles

Quaternary ammonium compounds have been considered as excellent antibacterial agents due to their effective biocidal activity, long term durability and environmentally friendly performance. In this work, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecylammonium chloride as a quaternary ammonium silane was applied for the surface modification of silica nanoparticles. The quaternary ammonium silane provided silica surface with hydrophobicity and antibacterial properties. In addition, the glass surface which was coated with the surface modified silica nanoparticles presented bacterial growth inhibition activity. For comparison of bacterial growth resistance, hydrophobic silane (alkyl functionalized silane) modified silica nanoparticles and pristine silica nanoparticles were prepared. As a result of bacterial adhesion test, the quaternary ammonium functionalized silica nanoparticles exhibited the enhanced inhibition performance against growth of Gram-negative Escherichia coli (96.6%), Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (98.5%) and Deinococcus geothermalis (99.6%) compared to pristine silica nanoparticles. These bacteria resistances also were stronger than that of hydrophobically modified silica nanoparticles. It could be explained that the improved bacteria inhibition performance originated from the synergistic effect of hydrophobicity and antibacterial property of quaternary ammonium silane. Additionally, the antimicrobial efficacy of the fabricated nanoparticles increased with decreasing size of the nanoparticles.     

Synthesis, antimicrobial and antifungal activity of double quaternary ammonium salts of biphenyls

The synthetic methods for new 2-, 2,2′-, and 3-substituted 4,4′-bis(chloromethyl)biphenyls were developed. Quaternization of them with various amines resulted in a series of new double quaternary ammonium salts containing the biphenyl moiety. The majority of the obtained compounds have a pronounced antifungal and antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria.     

Biologically active polymers. V. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of modified poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) derivatives with quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts

Antimicrobial copolymers bearing quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts based on a copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate were synthesized. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) was modified for the introduction of chloromethyl groups by its reaction with chloroacetyl chloride. The chloroacetylated copolymer was modified for the production of quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts. The antimicrobial activity of the obtained copolymers was studied against gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp., and Salmonella typhae), gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilus and B. cereus), and the fungus Trichophyton rubrum by the cut‐plug method. The results showed that the three copolymers had high antimicrobial activity. A control experiment was carried out on the main polymer without ammonium or phosphonium groups. The copolymer bearing quaternary salt made from tributyl phosphine was the most effective copolymer against both gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria and the fungus T. rubrum. The diameters of the inhibition zones ranged between 20 and 60 mm after 24 h. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2384–2393, 2002     

Study on the synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel cationic porphyrins

A novel series of quaternary ammonium cationic derivatives based on tetrapyridyl-porphyrin was synthesized.All the compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activities against S.aureus,E.coli and P.aeruginosa,and antifungal activities against C.albicans,where microorganisms were exposed and unexposed to the irradiation.The results revealed that some of these compounds,especially,3a and 4a displayed satisfactory antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria S.aureus and moderate an...