利用43飞秒的强激光脉冲实现单个阿秒脉冲输出的新机理

研究了多个光周期的长脉冲(43 fs)激光与氖原子相互作用产生的高次谐波的辐射特性. 通过计算机数值模拟，发现当激光场的强度超过饱和光强时，原子将会在几个光周期内被迅速电离，使得原子的高次谐波谱在截止区呈现出平滑的多平台结构. 同时，在高频波段离子产生的高次谐波的影响将变得十分显著. 通过选取合适的子平台进行频率叠加，在消除了离子的高次谐波的影响后，可以获得单个的阿秒软X射线脉冲. 关键词： 高次谐波 阿秒脉冲     

60 fs长脉宽双色场作用下孤立阿秒脉冲的产生

通过数值求解一维含时Schrödinger方程,研究了具有较长脉宽双色激光脉冲与氢原子相互作用产生的高次谐波和阿秒(as)脉冲.这里的双色激光脉冲由一束基频钛宝石主脉冲与另一束红外附加脉冲构成.研究发现,当合成脉冲的脉宽选为12 fs时, 选取合适的附加脉冲波长,合成电场的振幅在始末端时间段能被大幅抑制, 仅中间部分的电场对谐波谱平台区和截止位置起主要贡献. 通过分析合成脉冲电场始末端时间段抑制的机理,进一步扩展了合成脉冲脉宽到60 as, 并得到160 as的孤立短脉冲.这是迄今为止在孤立阿秒脉冲产生研究中所采用的最长脉宽. 该方案中的合成脉冲等效于单一5 fs短脉冲的作用, 却克服了5 fs脉冲低输出能量导致的阿秒脉冲能量低的困难.     

利用双色啁啾激光场产生超短的单个阿秒脉冲

数值研究了氦原子在两束啁啾激光场形成的组合场驱动下所发射高次谐波的特点.计算结果表明,当两束啁啾激光场的形式为δi(t)=-βiωit2/T (i=1,2)并且啁啾参数分别为β1=0.3和β2=0.6时,高次谐波谱的平台区域能得到很大的扩展,随后通过激光场强度以及相位的优化,谐波截至能量延伸到了812eV.最后通过叠加谐波次数从160次到210次,210次到260次,260次到310次,可获得一系列脉宽为33as的单个阿秒脉冲.     

多周期双色场方案下附加脉冲频率对阿秒脉冲产生的影响

通过数值求解一维含时薛定谔方程,研究了多周期双色场与氢原子相互作用过程中不同波段的附加脉冲波长对体系高次谐波及阿秒脉冲产生的影响.研究发现,当双色场的附加脉冲波长处于红外波段1600 nm时,比起处于可见光波段的533 nm附加脉冲,谐波谱截止位置得到大幅延展,相应地拓宽了超连续带宽,小波变换后获得了78 as的孤立短脉冲.由合成电场的光学振荡频率解释了附加脉冲波段对谐波谱的影响,同时该结论有利于在获得孤立阿秒脉冲的研究中选择合适的附加脉冲频率.     

利用三色组合脉冲激光获得孤立阿秒脉冲发射

孤立阿秒脉冲因可以跟踪和控制原子及分子内电子的运动过程而备受关注.本文从理论上开展了氦原子在3束飞秒脉冲激光组合场辐照下产生的高次谐波和阿秒脉冲辐射的研究.组合激光场由16 fs/1600 nm,15 fs/1100 nm和5.3 fs/800 nm的钛宝石脉冲构成.与前两束脉冲合成的双色场产生谐波谱相比,附加钛宝石脉冲的三色场产生的高次谐波发射谱呈现出高转换效率及宽带超连续特性,超连续谱范围覆盖从230—690次谐波,傅里叶变换后实现了128 as高强度孤立短脉冲的产生.该结果归因于合成的三色场呈现出高功率及少周期的中红外飞秒脉冲激光特性,可以有效控制原子电离以及复合发生在中红外飞秒脉冲的一个有效光学周期内.     

强短脉冲辐照叠加态原子增强阿秒脉冲强度

采用强短激光脉冲辐照叠加态原子提高孤立阿秒脉冲的强度。数值研究表明,与强短脉冲 (脉冲宽度只有几个光学周期的超短脉冲）辐照基态原子获得孤立阿秒脉冲相比,采用叠加 态原子的方案不仅同样可以获得孤立的阿秒脉冲,而且阿秒脉冲的强度得到显著增强。     

极紫外阿秒脉冲在高次谐波产生过程中引起的非偶极效应

当红外强激光和极紫外(XUV)阿秒脉冲共同作用于原子分子时，电离出去的电子通常会吸收和辐射激光光子而发生能量扩展.讨论了由于XUV阿秒脉冲的短波长与扩展后的电子波包尺度可相比拟时在高次谐波产生过程中引起的非偶极效应.采用H⁺₂作为模型分子，并把分子轴置于激光场的传播方向，通过解二维含时薛定谔方程并比较考虑非偶极效应和采用偶极近似两种方法计算得到的结果，两者相比，前者的谐波强度降低，谐波频率向低级次稍有移动，电子能谱的能带内出现了更多的光电子峰.在相同的光电子能量处，两种方法计算得到的信号强度相差2—5倍.并且这种非偶极效应随着红外基频光光强的增大而增强，随阿秒脉冲波长的增大而减弱. 关键词： 非偶极效应 光场空间不均匀性 阿秒脉冲 高次谐波产生     

Enhancement of isolated attosecond pulse generation by using long gas medium

Isolated attosecond pulse generation in argon is theoretically investigated for different gas pressures and medium lengths. The output of attosecond pulse is effectively enhanced by using a longer gas medium with optimized pressure. The peak intensity of the attosecond pulse by using 6 mm gas medium is doubled compared with that of 1-3 mm gas cell, which is usually used in the experiment. Our simulation shows that the distortion of the driving laser waveform and the absorption are the main factors that limit the output of the attosecond pulse for the long gas medium. Optimized generation condition could be found by balancing the medium length and pressure.     

Harmonic and attosecond pulse enhancement in the presence of noise

<正>In this paper,we theoretically investigate the effect of noise on the photoionization,the generation of the high-order harmonic and the attosecond pulse irradiated from a model He~+ ion.It shows that by properly adding noise fields,such as Gaussian white noise,random light or colored noise,both the ionization probabilities(IPs) and the harmonic yields can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude.Further,by tuning the noise intensity,a stochastic resonance-like curve is observed,showing the existence of an optimal noise in the ionization enhancement process.Finally,by superposing a properly selected harmonic,an intense attosecond pulse with a duration of 67 as is directly generated.     

利用超短的紫外光源来增强阿秒脉冲的强度

本文理论提出了一种利用超短紫外光源来增强阿秒脉冲强度的方法 .计算结果表明,当适当的加入一束62 nm或者125 nm超短紫外光源到双色激光场时,不仅高次谐波的截止能量被延伸了,而且谐波的强度也比原双色场时有明显的增强.尤其是当采用125 nm光源时,谐波的强度被增强了2个数量级,并且形成了一个232 e V的超长平台区.最后通过叠加谐波次数从113次到170次可获得脉宽仅为43 as的孤立阿秒脉冲,其强度比原双色场情况下产生的阿秒脉冲增强了2个数量级.     

任意夹角的双色偏振激光作用下孤立阿秒脉冲的产生

本文选取脉宽为12 fs波长为2000 nm和800 nm的两束线性偏振激光, 适当调节两束激光的偏振方向的夹角θ, 发现当θ=π/2时, 高次谐波谱的第二级平台出现了“漏斗形”凹槽.当θ为π/6时, 得到了290 eV的超宽连续谱的高次谐波发射, 利用小波变换合理的解释了高次谐波形状及截止位置. 在该段连续谱上任意截取70 eV宽度的频率, 都可以得到脉宽约为60 as的孤立阿秒脉冲. 适当减小截取范围可以得到线性偏振的脉宽94 as的孤立阿秒脉冲. 这为实验中产生能灵活调节的孤立阿秒脉冲提供了一种方案.     

利用超短的紫外光源来增强阿秒脉冲的强度

本文理论提出了一种利用超短紫外光源来增强阿秒脉冲强度的方法. 计算结果表明, 当适当的加入一束62nm或者125nm超短紫外光源到双色激光场时, 不仅高次谐波的截止能量被延伸了, 而且谐波的强度也比原双色场时有明显的增强. 尤其是当采用125nm光源时,谐波的强度被增强了2个数量级,并且形成了一个232eV的超长平台区. 最后通过叠加谐波次数从113次到170次可获得脉宽仅为43as的孤立阿秒脉冲, 其强度比原双色场情况下产生的阿秒脉冲增强了2个数量级.     

正交偏振双色激光场作用下生成的孤立阿秒脉冲

我们理论研究了正交偏振双色激光场作用下的高次谐波发射和孤立阿秒脉冲的产生.当y方向加一束中红外激光脉冲(12.5 fs/2000 nm),x方向加一束强度较弱的激光脉冲(12 fs/800 nm)时,我们得到从250 eV到350 eV的超连续谐波平台,在平台范围内叠加50 eV的谐波,可以得到一个脉宽约为97as的孤立阿秒脉冲. 通过时频分析,我们解释了高次谐波发射的物理机制.     

优化两色组合场参数获得单个阿秒脉冲

基于经典方法优化了组合场中基频场和低频场的强度比,利用优化后的组合场驱动一维氦原子,通过求解含时薛定谔方程研究了氦原子产生的高次谐波,其截止位置得到扩展,再考虑基频场初相位对产生高次谐波的影响,能够得到脉宽为37as的单个阿秒脉冲.     

Effect of pulse duration on generation of attosecond pulse with coherent wake emission

High-order harmonics and attosecond pulse generation with coherent wake emission are theoretically investigated for the effect of pulse duration and carrier envelope phase (CEP) of few-cycle laser pulse. We find that short pulse duration will cause the negative chirp for the high harmonics. When the laser pulse is shortened to a few cycles, the influence of the laser CEP on the chirp of the harmonics will also become more prominent.     

Effects of pressure and gas-jet thickness on the generation of attosecond pulse

We investigate how the intensity and duration of an attosecond pulse generated from high-order harmonic generation are affected by the pressure and thickness of the gas jet by taking into account the macroscopic propagation of both fundamental and harmonic fields. Our simulations show that, limited by the propagation effects, especially the absorption of harmonics, the intensity of an attosecond pulse cannot be improved by just independently increasing the gas pressure or the medium length. On the other hand, due to good phase-matching conditions, the duration of a generated attosecond pulse can be improved by changing the gas pressure.     

采用组合脉冲驱动生成单一的X射线阿秒脉冲

采用组合激光脉冲(800 nm/9.4 fs 24 nm/1 fs)辐照联合两原子体系产生高次谐波,获得了单一的X-射线阿秒脉冲.我们发现,当固定钛宝石激光的峰值强度并改变高频谐波脉冲的峰值强度Ih时,存在一个优选的Ih范围,在该范围内相应的阿秒脉冲最优化,即强度达到最强,对此,本文从受激复合的角度给出了合理解释.     

调控空间非均匀啁啾场获得孤立阿秒脉冲

通过调节二阶啁啾参数和空间非均匀效应对高次谐波光谱进行了优化.结果表明：在长脉宽负向啁啾和负向非均匀效应组合下,谐波光谱截止能量和强度得到最佳增大,并获得X射线范围内的光谱连续区.最后,通过叠加光谱连续区上的部分谐波可获得一个脉宽仅为23 as的孤立脉冲.     

Extension of high-order harmonics and generation of an isolated attosecond pulse in the chirped laser field

This paper theoretically investigates the high-order harmonic generation cutoff extension using intense few-cycle linearly chirped laser pulses. It shows that the cutoff of the harmonic can be extended remarkably by optimising the chirping parameters. The time-frequency characteristics of high-order harmonics with different chirping parameters are analysed by means of wavelet transform of the dipole acceleration. It also gives out the classical three-step model pictures of electron. By superposing a properly selected range of the harmonic spectrum, it obtains an isolated 65as pulse.     

Asymmetric molecular harmonic assisted generation of the attosecond X-ray pulse

In this paper, we theoretically investigate the asymmetric molecular high-order harmonic emission and the attosecond X-ray pulse generation when the asymmetric molecular HeH²⁺ ion is exposed to an intense chirped pulse. It is found that the molecular harmonics are strongly dependent on the internuclear distance R as well as the chirp parameter, showing a smooth and intense harmonic plateau at R = 8.0 a.u. and β = 0.4. Further, by adding a subharmonic controlling pulse with the optimised conditions, a supercontinuum with a bandwidth of 602 eV can be obtained. Finally, by properly superposing the selected harmonics in the supercontinuum region, a series of isolated X-ray pulses with durations of sub-80 as are directly generated.