蛋氨酸与化学增感剂的相互作用机理

运用X射线光电子能谱 (XPS)的ESCA扫描技术研究了蛋氨酸与不同化学增感剂相互作用及其中的硫、金、碳和氧等元素的化学形态和相对含量的变化规律 .发现蛋氨酸与不同的化学增感剂的反应机理是不尽相同的 .蛋氨酸与S增感剂不会发生任何化学反应 ,它们可以稳定地共存于同一体系之中 ;蛋氨酸可以将全部Au3+ 增感剂还原为Au ,其自身部分被氧化为蛋氨酸亚砜 ,并且在其脱质子的羟基部位与Au形成Au -O -C结构的金属配合物 .向蛋氨酸体系中加入S +Au增感剂后 ,体系中的氧化还原反应发生在外加的Au3+ 和S2 O32 - 之间 ,此时蛋氨酸的作用是将被S增感剂还原的Au络合 ,亦形成Au -O -C结构的配合物 .     

对苯二胺衍生物的光催化氧化

以ＴｉＯ２作为催化剂，利用波长＞３３０ｎｍ的光辐照研究了Ｎ－取代的对苯－二胺衍生物的光催化氧化。研究表明，氧分子与光生电子 反应生成羟基自由基，羟基自由基氧化ＰＰＤｓ，生成醌二亚胺，后者在羟基的进攻下脱氨生成苯醌，苯醌继续光解无机化。ＰＰＤｓ光催化氧化近似遵循一级反应动力学，醇类和硫酸根离子可抑制ＰＰＤｓ的光催化氧化。催化剂表面荷影响电子转移速率，从而控制光催化氧化的反应速率。     

CHLOROPHYLL-PHOTOSENSITIZED OXIDATION OF HYDROQUINONE AND p-PHENYLENEDIAMINE DERIVATIVES

Abstract— ESR and photovoltaic studies on light-induced one-electron transfer between chlorophyll a and electron donors in the absence of oxygen show (1) the possible conversion of photo-reduced chlorophyll a and p-benzosemiquinone ion radicals to their non-ionic radicals in methanol solutions of low pH, (2) the production of ESR absorption of tetrachloro-p-benzosemi-quinone even in benzene, enhanced by the addition of triethylamine or methanol, and (3) the transfer of one electron from tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine to either excited chlorophyll a or pheophytin a in methanol at pH above 3.6 but not to pheophytin a at pH below 1 0 where its radical cation appears to accept an electron from excited pheophytin a . Bacteteriochloro-phyll is also shown to be capable of photooxidizing hydroquinones and tetramethyl-p-phenyl-enediamine.
The presence of oxygen enhances chlorophyll a -photosensitized oxidation of hydroquinone and tetrachloro-hydroquinone by one-electron transfer to oxygen and of trimethylhydro-quinone probably by two-electron trnasfer to oxygen. A free radical from excited chlorophyll a-oxygen interaction is formed in these reactions, but rapidly quenched in the case of trimethyl-hydroquinone. This, kind of free radical is not formed in pheophytin a . Tetramethyl- p -phenyl-enediamine readily undergoes chlorophyll a-photosensitized oxidation by oxygen in any pH region.     

油页岩燃烧释放二氧化硫的本征动力学和机理

将油页岩通过酸处理和低温灰化，获得高纯度的有机质和矿物质，利用程序升温装置与二氧化硫在线分析仪，在升温速率为５℃／ｍｉｎ的条件下，分别研究了在燃烧过程中茂名油页岩及其有机质与矿物质释放二氧化硫的本征动力学。结果表明，有机硫释放二氧化硫的温度范围为２１０～４７０℃，按两段处理得到的动力学参数为：反应级数皆为１，在２１０～３４０℃，活化能Ｅ＝７６．１８ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，频率因子Ａ＝９．９１×１０￣３ｓ￣（－１），在３４０～４７０℃，Ｅ＝１５４．７０ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，Ａ＝７．８５×１０￣８ｓ￣（－１）ＭＰａ￣（－１）；黄铁矿硫释放二氧化硫的温度范围为２９０～５１０℃，动力学参数为Ｅ＝１９９．１０ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，Ａ＝４．３０×１０￣（１１）ｓ￣（－１）ＭＰａ￣（－１），ｎ＝１．４。文中对油页岩中硫的燃烧转化机理进行了初步探讨。     

THE POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF BINDING INTERACTION OF INSULIN MOLECULE WITH ITS RECEPTOR

Detailed structural comparisons and investigation of DPI, 2Zn insulin and some other derivatives of insulin were performed by the least-squares superimposition technique and the graphics technique. It is pointed out in this paper that the binding interaction with the receptor molecule should take place mainly on an amphipathic surface of the insulin molecule. In the middle, there is a hydrophobic surface with an area of about 150 consisting of many hydrophobic residues; while the polar or charged groups distributing around the hydro. phobic surface construct a hydrophilic zone. The hydrophobic surface is usually covered by the extended B-chain C-terminal peptides with great mobility and protected from the solvent molecules. The angle between the amphipathic surface and the surface of dimerization is about 20 degrees. The results from the detailed structural comparison between A1-(L-Trp) insulin and A1-(D-Trp) insulin have provided a very good explanation to their great difference in biological activity,     

THE INTERACTION OF 8-AZIDOETHIDIUM AND tRNA

Abstract Optical spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy have been used to investigate the non-covalent and covalent binding of 8-azidoethidium (8-azido-3-amino-5-ethyl-6-phe-nyl-phenanthridium) with transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The nuclear magnetic resonance measurements demonstrate that ethidium and ethidium monoazide bind to the same unique binding site on tRNA molecules. However, the optical studies demonstrate that the photochemical reaction between ethidium monoazide and tRNA generates at least three different photoproducts. One of the covalent photoproducts has fluorescence properties which mimic those of intercalated, non-covalently bound ethidium, but it is produced only in about 10% yield. The major photoproduct(s) is(are) virtually non-fluorescent. The ethidium monoazide photochemistry with tRNA molecules is obviously complex and this may complicate its use as a photolabel of polynucleotides.     

NEW ASPECTS IN THE MECHANISM OF INHIBITORY ACTION OF SULPHUR CONTAINING METAL COMPLEX COMPOUNDS IN THE OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS

Abstract

The first studies dealing with the antioxidizing action of sulphur containing organic compounds in the stabilization of petroleum products, polymers, rubber etc., suppose an interaction of these inhibitors with hydroperoxides and the decomposition of the latter to molecular inactive products. The absence of reaction of the peroxide radicals, leading the chain of the autoxidation, with the inhibitor is presumed. The initiating properties of the inhibitors-peroxide decomposers were unknown\1, 2,3\. As a result of our and other authors' investigations was shown, that the sulphur containing antioxidants react with the peroxide radicals and they are able to initiate the autoxidation processes, because in the oxidation of hydrocarbons in the simultaneous presence of hydroperoxides and sulphur containing compound, a prooxidizing effect is observed i.e. acceleration of the oxidation in a certain period of the process\4,5,6\. It was observed, that a period of rapid oxidation, followed by autoretardation of the oxygen absorption, appears in the oxidation of tetraline and cumene, respectively in the presence of tetraline and cumene hydroperoxides and metal dialkyldithiophosphates, dithiocarbamates and dithiolates. The oxidation of cumene and tetraline, initiated by AIBN at 60C in the presence of zinc dithiophosphate, zinc dithiocarbamate and nickel dithiolate, proceeds with the appearance of induction periods. In this way, the existence of interaction between RO.₂ and sulphur containing metal complex compounds is verified The Stoichiometric coefficient of inhibition depends on the concentraton of the used inhibitor, which is a proof that in the induction period, the inhibitor is consumed not only by an interaction with the peroxide radicals, but by means of another reaction. This fact explains the existence of different values of the stoichiometric coefficients, measured by different groups of authors, using different initial concentrations of the studied inhibitors. At a definite correlation between AIBN and sulfur containing complexes in the oxidation of cumene, an effect of oscillation is observed i.e. the induction period is followed by a periodical change of the oxygen absorption rate \7,8\. The frequence of oscillation increases with time and the differences between the inflexion become greater. similar effect was observed in the initiated by AIBN oxidation of cumene in presence of Zn-bis(diisopropyl)dithiophosphate-(I), Zn-bis(diethyl)dithiocarbamate-(II),Ni-bis(diphenylethylene)-dithiolate-(III). The existence of oscillating effect obviously is due to the competition of two parallel processes-the absorption and the liberation of gas. With the help of mass spectral I analysis, it was shown that as a result of the reaction of (I), (II), (III) inhibitors and hydroperoxides, oxygen is liberated. The use of acceptors of synglet oxygen (9,10-diphenylantracene) shows that the liberated gas is synglet oxygen\9\.     

重氮树脂与十二烷基硫酸钠相互作用研究

重氮树脂与十二烷基硫酸钠相互作用研究罗杨磊曹维孝（北京大学化学与分子工程学院北京１００８７１）关键词重氮树脂，十二烷基硫酸钠，负性ＰＳ版随着化学与生命科学领域的发展，大分子与小分子在溶液的相互作用越来越受到关注．表面活性剂因其具有自组装能力，...     

庚烷与液态三氧化硫反应特性的研究

研究了庚烷与三氧化硫在1,2-二氯乙烷溶剂下的磺化反应。采用阳离子交换树脂测定反应总酸量的方法,讨论了滴加速度、反应温度、反应物浓度及其相对比例对磺化程度的影响,发现其磺化程度主要与反应物浓度、反应物相对比例有关,而阳离子树脂交换滴定测定反应总酸量的方法与传统的滴定二氧化硫的方法相比,具有简单、方便而且准确的优点。此外,还考察了其它直链饱和烷烃的磺化反应。     

聚三氟氯乙烯的热裂解动力学和机理的研究

本文报道在4.1型示差精密热天平上装配了微分单元,组成热重-微商热重(TG-DTG)联用装置用于研究聚三氟氯乙烯在空气中的热裂解动力学过程,并运用几种不同的动力学处理方法所求得的结果来评价各种动力学理论的优缺点和说明聚三氟氯乙烯反应程度在5—95％的整个过程中活化能的变化情况。同时根据裂解程度与能量、裂解速率的关系以及裂解产物结构的鉴定,提出了聚合物无规热裂解机理,解释了迄今文献上所报道的裂解产物的结构。结果还证明了Errede提出的键离解能经验公式不适用于聚三氟氯乙烯的裂解机理。     

KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE THERMOLYSIS OF SULFOXIDES

Abstract

The thermolysis of sulfoxides possessing β-hydrogen atoms is a versatile and mild method to prepare olefins. The reaction is generally accepted to proceed via a concerted mechanism. Accordingly, solvent effects are not large, and appear to be associated with the initial states. The reverse process has been documented for R = t-Bu; MeSOH or PhSOH can also be employed.     

对苯二胺盐酸盐与对苯二甲酰氯在NMP-CaCl_2溶剂体系中的缩聚反应

<正> 聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(PPTA)具有刚性链分子结构,能形成各向异性的高分子液晶溶液,纺丝后可得到性能优异的高模量、高强度的纤维。但是,欲制出高模高强的PPTA纤维,必须先制出高分子量的PPTA聚合体。等曾研究了对苯二胺盐酸盐与对苯二甲酰氯在二甲基乙酰胺-氯化锂(DMAC-LiCl)溶剂体系中合成PPTA的问题。     

修订ISO标准方法—重量法测定硫的试验报告

对《ISO 4934-1980(E)钢和铸铁-硫含量的测定-重量法》中(1)不溶于稀硝酸的试样的溶解;(2)铬干扰的消除;(3)坩埚的恒重;(4)BaSO_4真换算成硫(S)的换算系数提出了修改意见。     

四氢噻唑-2-硫酮和环氧乙烷间的硫氧交换反应

将2-巯基-△²-噻唑啉(Ⅰ,R=H)(即四氢噻唑-2-硫酮)和环氧乙烷在二氧六环溶液中作用,希望得到2-β-羟乙基硫化-△²-噻唑啉(Ⅱ,R=H)。但实际生成四氢噻唑-2-酮(Ⅲ,R=H)和环硫乙烷,与按Crawhall等方法制得的样品,各种物理性质完全相同,混合熔点不降。改将2-巯基-△²-噻唑啉在碱性溶液中与氯乙醇反应,仍然得到四氢噻唑-2-酮。     

烯烃和双烯烃共聚合反应机理 Ⅲ.交联甲基丙烯酸甲酯吸附剂的合成及孔道表面结构

本文研究了α-甲基丙烯酸甲酯和双α-甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯在致孔剂甲苯和2-乙基丁醇存在下的悬浮共聚合反应。通过浊度的变化,解释了孔道形成机理。测定了共聚物的孔和表面数据,讨论了影响共聚物结构的因素。     

聚苯乙烯的暗氧化及其反应机理研究

聚苯乙烯的暗氧化及其反应机理研究朱军民曹维孝冯新德（北京大学高分子科学与工程系北京１００８７１）关键词聚苯乙烯，异丙苯，接触电荷转移复合物（ＣＣＴ），暗氧化反应高分子材料在加工、贮存和使用的过程中，当受到大气中氧、光、热等作用时，会发生降解和交...     

丙烯酸甲酯-异丁烯交替共聚反应机理和动力学研究

本文研究了丙烯酸甲酯(MA)和异丁烯(IB)在AlEtCl_2,BPO存在下的聚合反应机理及动力学。结果表明:当[IB]≥[MA]时,共聚合是按三元络合单体(T)均聚的机理进行,形成(MA)-(IB)的交替共聚物;当[IB]<[MA]时,则形成富MA的含MA嵌段序列的共聚物,共聚是由三元络合单体(T)和二元络合单体(B),按无规共聚机理进行的。     

菁染料与溴化银相互作用性质的研究

本文用计时电位法及电位滴定研究了十六种不同染料与溴化银之间的相互作用,进一步证明了具有离域π-电子的菁染料才能与卤化银形成络合物的论点。从得到的平衡常数K表明,固体表面上的卤化银-染料与溶液中银离子-染料具有相同键性质,都是银离子与染料离域π-电子作用的结果。