氮气喷射成形FGH4095的组织特征

以氮气为雾化气体采用喷射成形工艺制备了FGH4095高温合金沉积坯, 记录了沉积过程坯体表面温度曲线, 并采用定量金相法、排水法测试了坯体致密度, 观察了坯体晶粒及γ'相的形貌. 结果表明采用氮气作为雾化介质进行喷射成型喷射沉积坯基体致密度可达99%以上, 但也存在着较大的(1—2μm)的气孔, 经热等静压和近等温锻后宏观气孔闭合, 氮以尺寸不超过1 μm的碳氮化物形式存在. 喷射沉积坯以等轴晶组织为主, 坯体内部平均晶粒尺寸约为20—40 μm, 近表面区域晶粒较细, 约为13 μm; 一次γ' 相多数呈尺寸约0.3—0.5 μm不规则块状形貌. 喷射成形坯组织结构的形成与喷射成形过程的降温过程有密切关系.     

喷射成形FGH4095的热变形特征

研究了喷射成形高温合金FGH4095在温度为1010—1140℃、应变速率为0.001—10.0s^-1下的热变形行为,并使用双曲正弦模型建立了喷射成形FGH4095的本构方程.结果表明:本构方程预测结果与实验值符合较好,为喷射成形FGH4095热加工过程的数值模拟提供了较准确的模型.     

喷射成形粉末高温合金FGH4095M的制备及组织特征

喷射成形是一种近净成形的在粉末冶金气体雾化制粉技术基础上发展起来的快速凝固技术. 本文采用喷射成形技术制备成分优化后的FGH4095M合金, 研究了喷射成形FGH4095M合金沉积坯的致密度、显微组织特征, 特别是研究了喷射成形高温合金组织中特殊形貌的γ’相. 研究表明, 致密度与沉积坯部位有关, 底部致密度最高, 可达99.63%, 热等静压后的致密度可达100%. 喷射成形合金组织以均匀细小的等轴晶为主, 不存在原始颗粒边界; 一次γ’ 相尺寸约为0.6-0.8 μm, 二次γ’相尺寸约为0.1-0.5 μm, 在二次γ’相的间隙中有少量尺寸约为10-20 nm的三次γ’相. 喷射成形FGH4095M 合金中的二次 γ’相中出现特殊形貌的γ’相, 这是由单个γ’颗粒分裂形成, 与沉积过程的低冷却速度有关. 分裂过程是γ’颗粒总能量降低的过程, γ’颗粒间的弹性交互作用能起到主导作用. 对分裂γ’相的等效直径进行统计, 得到γ’ 相等效直径超过0.40 μm 后, 会出现分裂趋势. 合金具备优异的拉伸性能, 室温塑性得到显著提高, 出现γ’ 相分裂的特殊形貌组织是否对合金性能的提高产生直接影响仍需进行进一步的研究.     

Ca、Sr对汽车用镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

以Mg-Al-Mn合金为研究对象,通过微合金化的方法研究了Ca、Sr对汽车用耐热镁合金常温力学性能与高温力学性能的影响,并分析了合金在固溶时效热处理后的时效硬化特征,观察了合金铸态、固溶态和时效态下的显微组织演变。     

微观组织结构对铂钴永磁合金磁性能的影响

系统研究了Pt-Co合金磁性能与其微观组织结构间的关系.合金铸锭的X射线衍射结果表明：熔炼后的Pt-Co合金铸锭沿冷却方向存在明显的织构;扫描电镜照片显示合金的组织结构为柱状晶结构,柱状晶的生长方向平行于冷却方向;合金铸锭经塑性变形和再结晶处理后柱状晶组织消失,电镜照片显示处理后的合金晶粒尺寸变小且均匀;对不同组织结构的Pt-Co合金磁性能的测试结果表明,经塑性变形及再结晶处理后合金的磁性能有了明显提高,说明该合金中晶粒尺寸和取向是影响其矫顽力的重要因素. 关键词： 铂钴永磁合金 磁性能 织构     

等温退火对辐照诱发的非晶TiNiCu合金微观组织结构的影响

TiNiCu记忆合金在美国Argonne国家实验室IVEM Tandem National Facility加速器产生的400keV Xe+离子辐照到0.4dpa时发生非晶化转变。通过电子显微镜研究了非晶化的TiNiCu合金的回复和再结晶过程。退火加热的速度是10℃/min。在280℃时非晶环附近出现电子衍射斑点以及明场像中出现少量析出相,表明回复和再结晶开始。退火到550℃出现多晶环,650℃时有片状马氏体变体生成,750℃时有很锐利的多晶环出现,表明再结晶过程基本完成。经标定再结晶晶粒仍然是TiNiCu记忆合金。再结晶组织与辐照前TiNiCu 合金的显微组织相比有较大差异。     

等温退火对辐照诱发的非晶TiNiCu合金微观组织结构的影响

 TiNiCu记忆合金在美国Argonne国家实验室IVEM Tandem National Facility加速器产生的400keV Xe+离子辐照到0.4dpa时发生非晶化转变。通过电子显微镜研究了非晶化的TiNiCu合金的回复和再结晶过程。退火加热的速度是10℃/min。在280℃时非晶环附近出现电子衍射斑点以及明场像中出现少量析出相，表明回复和再结晶开始。退火到550℃出现多晶环，650℃时有片状马氏体变体生成，750℃时有很锐利的多晶环出现，表明再结晶过程基本完成。经标定再结晶晶粒仍然是TiNiCu记忆合金。再结晶组织与辐照前TiNiCu 合金的显微组织相比有较大差异。     

中国聚变工程实验堆水冷包层钢构件流道成形控制研究

针对CFETR水冷包层流道钢构件热等静压制备时易变形压塌问题,利用单轴扩散焊设备开展了焊接工艺参数优化试验。在此基础上,重新设计了流道焊接界面位置和尺寸,用两步热等静压扩散焊法制备出了流道变形可控的平板型第一壁钢构件模块。优化试验表明,低活化钢试样的固相扩散焊温度需高于950℃,焊后经过760℃/60min回火热处理试样力学性能可以得到有效回复。     

高压和热处理对铝青铜微观组织的影响

 借助金相、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）/能谱仪（EDS）及X射线衍射（XRD）等方法,研究了高压和热处理对铝青铜微观组织的影响。结果表明：铝青铜经750 ℃温度、6 GPa压力处理后所获得的α相的晶粒尺寸较经750 ℃温度、常压处理后所获得的α相晶粒尺寸小;当铝青铜经高压处理后再经750 ℃保温2 min常压处理时,组织中出现细条状的α相,且热处理后的冷却速度越大,细条状α相的数量越多,颗粒状α相的数量越少。     

非晶硅薄膜的低温快速晶化及其结构分析

在镀铝的廉价玻璃衬底上高速沉积的非晶硅薄膜在不同的温度下退火10min.退火温度为500℃时,薄膜表面形成了硅铝的混合相, 非晶硅薄膜开始呈现了晶化现象;退火温度为550℃时,大部分(约80%)的非晶硅晶化为多晶硅,平均晶粒尺寸为500nm;退火温度为600℃时,几乎所有的非晶硅都转化为多晶硅,其平均晶粒尺寸约为1.5μm.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.