球状物体作微形变时弹性势能的研究

研究一个弹性球在保持体积不变的前提下,形变为长旋转椭球时的弹性势能.首先通过最小势能原理和物理条件确定位移函数,然后根据弹性势能密度-应变-位移三者之间的关系,通过积分计算得到弹性势能,并且进行了有益的讨论.     

弹性势能零点选择与弹性势能表达式问题讨论

弹性势能差值不会因为弹性势能的零点选择而改变,但当规定弹性势能的零点位置不同时,系统的弹性势能却有不同的表达式.当选择弹簧原长时为零势能点,弹性势能的表示形式最简单,Ep=1/2kx2.是不是通常情况都是以弹簧原长时为零势能点?在具体问题中,零势能点的选取有没有特定的要求?文中对上述问题作出了系统性的分析与回答.     

功和能教学中两个被忽略的问题

在物理教学中,功和能的教学是力学中的重点,而用功和能解决力学问题也是学生学习的难点.要使学生掌握这部分内容,以下两问题值得引起注意.1 机械能的相对性 重力势能、弹性势能属于系统所有,其大小与零势能点(面)的选择有关;即系统的势能是相对于零势能点而言.具有相对性.然而,系统的动能也具有相对性,相对于参考系.     

弹性势能的表达式的实验验证

教材上从理论上探究了弹性势能的表达式,结合该探究过程,利用弹性势能与重力势能和动能的转换关系设计了2个验证性实验.     

选择典型过程 治疗学生的恐簧症

对如何选择典型过程,让弹性势能为零或者弹性势能等量替代的方法作了一些分析与探讨,让学生了解了弹簧题的特点和解题技巧.     

弯曲薄板的形状

假设弹性势能正比于曲率平方,由变分原理,得到了在外力作用下处于平衡状态的弹性物体的形状方程.通过实验验证了弹性势能的假设.对于特定边界条件,弯曲薄板给出了水滴和心形形状.     

含气泡弱可压缩弹性材料的等效媒质法

声波在含气泡弹性材料中传播时不仅使固相介质产生形变,而且会使气泡非线性振动,据此建立了含气泡弱可压缩弹性材料的等效媒质法。利用等效媒质的微单元与含气泡材料的微单元具有相同的应力和应变,求得了含气泡材料的等效Lame系数,并得到了含气泡材料的非线性波动方程。其线性化结果与Gaunaurd的经典理论相比较,有很好的一致性。本方法还可给出含气泡弱可压缩弹性材料的另一重要参数——非线性系数。     

用演示电表显示弹性形变

用演示电表显示弹性形变唐金安（河南安阳县崔家桥乡一中４５５１１２）新编初中物理教材＂动能和势能的转化＂中安排了一个演示动能和弹性势能相互转化的实验．实验时用小球撞击弹簧片使之发生形变，而后弹簧片复原将球弹回，从而说明动能和弹性势能的相互转化．实验不足...     

从弹性势能储能系数出发讨论两光滑小球的斜碰问题

给出了物体的弹性势能储存系数的定义．从弹性势能储存系数出发讨论两光滑小球的斜碰问题,并导出了碰撞前后系统动能之间的关系．     

势能零点位置选取的简便方法

力学问题中常见的势能是弹性势能和重力势能．由于势能的相对性，在选取不同的势能零点位置时，计算过程有简有繁．因而，确定合适的势能零点会给解决问题带来方便．     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.