数学转化的思想方法

数学转化思想是“把问题元素从一种形式向另一种形式转化的能力”．就解题的本质而言,解题既意味着转化,既把生疏问题转化为熟习问题,把抽象问题转化为具体问题,把复杂问题转化为简单问题,把一般问题转化为特殊问题,把高次问题转化为底次问题;把未知条件转化为已知条件,把一个综合问题转化为几个基本问题,     

离散设施选址问题研究综述

本文首先回顾了设施选址问题百年发展历史,认为其研究经历了零散研究、系统研究、不确定性研究三个阶段.离散选址问题包括中值问题、覆盖问题、中心问题、多产品问题、动态问题、多目标问题、路径选址问题、网络中心选址问题8个子问题.最后作者讨论了选址问题研究中存在的问题以及今后发展的趋势.     

数学家货郎问题的计算复杂性研究

货郎问题(TSP)是研究计算复杂性理论的经典问题.在货郎问题的基础上,提出"数学家货郎问题"(MTSP).经过研究发现,数学家货郎问题是一个典型的NP类问题,但它却不属于P类问题.因此,数学家货郎问题是一个NP类问题与P类问题不相等的例证.     

一类非单调互补问题的Canonical对偶问题研究

对于一类具有广泛应用背景的非单调互补问题,我们构建了这类问题的Canonical对偶问题。其对偶问题可以写成和原问题类似的互补问题。我们给出了对偶问题和原问题解之间的对偶关系,并且将对偶问题转化成一个一维优化问题,这不但可以方便的求解这类问题,也为研究这类问题性质提供了一个非常直观的研究工具。最后,本文给出了几个算例来演示对偶问题的性质。     

精心设计问题串,提高课堂教学效益

问题是数学的心脏,数学的真正组成部分是问题和解.波普尔指出:知识的增长永远始于问题,终于问题——愈来愈深化的问题,愈来愈能启发大量新问题的问题.在数学教学中,从课堂提问到新概念的形成与确立     

交叉数学规划问题

本文提出了一个新的数学规划概念──交叉数学规划问题．该问题的提出是以经济问题为其背景的．许多已有的规划问题上。对偶规划问题、双水平规划问题、多目标规划问题、参数规划问题以及对策问题均可作为交叉规划问题的特例．本文除系统地给出交及数学规划问题的基本定义外，还分别对各类交叉规划问题的有关理论及求解方法进行了初步的探讨．     

限制情况下装卸工问题的最优解

装卸工问题是从现代物流技术中提出的一个实际问题,这个问题的雏形早在上个世纪60年代中国科学院数学研究所就提出和研究过.现代物流技术迅速发展,促成和推动装卸工问题的提出和研究.装卸工问题是一个新的NP困难的组合优化问题,首先介绍装卸工问题及限制情况下装卸工问题的数学模型,然后分析限制情况下的装卸工问题的性质,最后给出该问题的所有最优解.     

谈问题串的设计方法

问题串在相关文章和教学设计中已被广泛使用,它是问题导学理念下的一种有效的设计方式.所谓问题串,是指将若干个单个问题按一定顺序串联成的一个问题系列,该问题系列围绕同一主题且有明确的目标指向,其中的每个问题又围绕该目标并承担各自的功能.问题串中的问题不仅是思维训练的良好载体,还是思维链条中的路标和思维方向的指引者,它可以是数学问题本身,也可以是导向性、策略性或元认知性问题     

化零为整求多个角的和

<正>整体思想,就是在解决有关数学问题时,通过观察问题的整体形式、整体结构、整体特征,从而对问题进行整体处理的解题方法.从整体上去认识问题、思考问题,常常能化繁为简、变难为易.转化思想是解决数学问题的一种最基本的数学思想,我们通常是将未知问题转化为已知的问题,将复杂的问题转化为简单的问题,将抽象的问题转化为具体的问题,将     

创设数学问题情境,激发学生思维参与

所谓"问题情境",是把学生置于新的未知的问题气氛之中,使学生能够提出问题、思考问题并且能够解决问题,使学生在一个动态过程中学习数学.课堂问题情境,其中包含的不仅仅有问题,更重要的是包含着教师对问题的设计,以及学生对问题的应激状态.让课堂最初由问题引起,最终远远胜过问题本身     

A REPRESENTATION FORMULA RELATED TO SCHR(O)DINGER OPERATORS

Schr(o)dinger operator is a central subject in the mathematical study of quantum mechanics.Consider the Schrodinger operator H = -△ V on R, where △ = d2/dx2 and the potential function V is real valued. In Fourier analysis, it is well-known that a square integrable function admits an expansion with exponentials as eigenfunctions of -△. A natural conjecture is that an L2 function admits a similar expansion in terms of "eigenfunctions" of H, a perturbation of the Laplacian (see [7], Ch. Ⅺ and the notes), under certain condition on V.     

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 30

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Instructions for contributions

正Applied Mathematics-A Journal of Chinese Universities,Series B(Appl.Math.J.Chinese Univ.,Ser.B)is a comprehensive applied mathematics journal jointly sponsored by Zhejiang University,China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,and Springer-Verlag.It is a quarterly journal with     

Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications Guide for Authors

正Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad fields of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.     

Staircase transportation problems with superadditive rewards and cumulative capacities

A cumulative-capacitated transportation problem is studied. The supply nodes and demand nodes are each chains. Shipments from a supply node to a demand node are possible only if the pair lies in a sublattice, or equivalently, in a staircase disjoint union of rectangles, of the product of the two chains. There are (lattice) superadditive upper bounds on the cumulative flows in all leading subrectangles of each rectangle. It is shown that there is a greatest cumulative flow formed by the natural generalization of the South-West Corner Rule that respects cumulative-flow capacities; it has maximum reward when the rewards are (lattice) superadditive; it is integer if the supplies, demands and capacities are integer; and it can be calculated myopically in linear time. The result is specialized to earlier work of Hoeffding (1940), Fréchet (1951), Lorentz (1953), Hoffman (1963) and Barnes and Hoffman (1985). Applications are given to extreme constrained bivariate distributions, optimal distribution with limited one-way product substitution and, generalizing results of Derman and Klein (1958), optimal sales with age-dependent rewards and capacities.To our friend, Philip Wolfe, with admiration and affection, on the occasion of his 65th birthday.Research was supported respectively by the IBM T.J. Watson and IBM Almaden Research Centers and is a minor revision of the IBM Research Report [6].     

Laminations minimales résiduellement à 2 bouts

Résumé On décrit toutes les feuilles des laminations minimales dont un ensemble résiduel de feuilles ont 2 bouts.      

Best approximation by downward sets with applications

We develop a theory of downward sets for a class of normed ordered spaces. We study best approximation in a normed ordered space X by elements of downward sets, and give necessary and sufficient conditions for any element of best approximation by a closed downward subset of X. We also characterize strictly downward subsets of X, and prove that a downward subset of X is strictly downward if and only if each its boundary point is Chebyshev. The results obtained are used for examination of some Chebyshev pairs （W,x）, where ∈ X and W is a closed downward subset of X     

Boundedness of multilinear operators on weighted herz type spaces

In this paper, the author establishes the boundedness of multilinear operators on weighted Herz spaces and Herz-type Hardy spaces. The author also obtains their weak estimates on endpoints. As a special case, the conclusions may lead to the weighted estimates for multilinear Calderon-Zygmund operators.     

THE EXACT CONVERGENCE RATE AT ZERO OF LAGRANGE INTERPOLATION POLYNOMIAL TO |x|α

In this paper we present a generalized quantitative version of a result due to M. Revers concerning the exact convergence rate at zero of Lagrange interpolation polynomial to f(x) = |x|α with on equally spaced nodes in [-1, 1].