番茄红素可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱的测量与分析

采用ICCD光谱探测系统对不同浓度番茄红素的二硫化碳溶液吸收谱的相对吸收强度进行了测量,结果显示在一定浓度范围内,番茄红素稀溶液的吸收规律满足朗伯-比尔定律;分别用丙酮、正己烷、石油醚、苯、乙酸乙酯和二硫化碳作为溶剂对番茄红素可见吸收光谱进行了测量,对结果进行分析后发现苯、乙酸乙酯和二硫化碳的番茄红素溶液的特征吸收峰的波长位置与以丙酮作为溶剂相比有不同程度的红移效应;番茄红素-丙酮溶液中加入水后溶液颜色随着加水量的增加逐渐变浅,溶液吸光度降低,当丙酮与水的体积比为4∶1时吸收光谱在紫外出现一新的吸收峰。产生这些现象的原因是番茄红素溶于不同溶剂时,溶剂分子对番茄红素分子作用不同。用荧光光度计采集不同浓度的番茄红素丙酮溶液的荧光光谱,结果表明番茄红素溶液的荧光光谱主要集中在500～680 nm波段,浓度低于50 μg·mL^-1时,番茄红素的荧光强度随着浓度的增加而呈线性增加。当浓度高于60 μg·mL^-1时,荧光强度因为番茄红素分子间的相互作用而下降。     

改变溶液折射率方法研究Fermi共振

Fermi共振现象在光谱分析中的谱线认证、归属有重要应用,然而,它蕴含的丰富物理规律、内容及研究方法亟待开发和研究.本文提出了一种改变溶液折射率研究Fermi共振的方法,该方法以Onsager电介质极化理论为依据,利用分子在溶液中的Raman散射强度(散射系数)随溶液折射率的变化来研究Fermi共振规律.该方法不仅能给出Fermi共振各参数间及与溶液折射率之间的关系,而且发现了Fermi共振双峰的非对称移动、倍频的基频也受Fermi共振调谐等现象.为全面认识Fermi共振规律提供了一种研究方法.     

若丹明B荧光增强二硫化碳高阶受激喇曼散射

 利用若丹明B乙醇溶液的荧光改变了二硫化碳的一至三阶Stokes喇曼谱线的强度分布,选择性地增强了三阶Stokes喇曼谱线。在泵浦功率密度为~560MW^.cm^-2时,对染料摩尔浓度分别为~10^-5、cm^-5散射池和~10^-4、1cm散射池进行实验,观察到二硫化碳的三阶Stokes喇曼谱线与染料激光形成的共振增强现象及、二阶Stokes喇曼谱线的部分或完全耗尽。     

Resonance Raman Study of Aggregated Meso-tetra(4-pyridinium) porphyrin Diacid

研究了近激子吸收带激发下四-(4-吡啶基)卟啉二酸(H₈TPyP⁶⁺)聚集体的共振拉曼光谱．测量了H₈TPyP⁶⁺单体和聚集体的紫外可见吸收谱和共振光散射光谱．在氘代位移的基础上结合相关体系振动光谱研究,对测得的H₈TPyP⁶⁺)单体和聚集体的拉曼谱带进行了指认．聚集体的形成导致H₈TPyP⁶⁺的卟啉环CC/CN面内伸缩振动向低波数方向位移2～6 cm^-1,而卟啉环鞍形面外振动带向高波数方向位移12cm^-1．基于拉曼谱带的强度和频率变化分析了聚集引起的H₈TPyP⁶⁺分子内结构变化和分子间氢键作用     

光纤共振和预共振喇曼光谱

在液芯光纤内产生共振和预共振喇曼效应,喇曼光谱强度可以大幅度提高,最高可达10⁹倍.本文介绍获得光纤(预)共振喇曼光谱的可行性、实验及实验结果.用远离吸收带的激光激发获得了α甲基吡啶预共振喇曼光谱.用小功率激光(0.8mW)、低浓度溶液(9.6×10¹²mol/L)还获得了β叶红素在CS₂中的共振喇曼光谱.     

丙烯酸及其酯系列C=C红外谱带的双分裂

在C=C伸缩振动频率为1630厘米^-1的区域内,观察到了未取代的丙烯酸及其酯系列化合物的C=C吸收谱带分裂为二,当α或β碳原子上的氢被甲基取代后,C=C吸收谱带不再分裂。根据C=C分裂谱带强度的温度效应及溶剂效应以及所得光谱的初步分析,认为C=C谱带的分裂是由于费米共振的结果,而不是由于顺、反两种构象平衡或其他原因,按照谱带的简单分析,C=C谱带的分裂可能是由于=CH的面外变角振动967厘米^-1与C—C=C骨架振动662厘米^-1的组频与C=C伸缩振动1630厘米^-1产生费米共振的结果。     

不同参数多壁碳纳米管太赫兹谱特性

探索不同管径和长度的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)的太赫兹(THz)谱特性,采用透射型太赫兹时域光谱系统研究了5个不同管径和长度的MWCNT样品的太赫兹吸收谱和折射率谱,并对比和分析了它们的差异。结果表明:在0.2~2.0THz内,多壁碳纳米管太赫兹吸收没有特征吸收峰,吸收强度随着频率的增加而增加,并可以拟合为不同斜率的直线,且MWCNT在THz波段的吸收强度与管径和长度成正比。折射率随着频率的增加呈指数衰减,同时,管径是影响其折射率的一个重要因素,而长度对其影响不大。     

R6G单分子表面增强共振拉曼散射光谱探测研究

以共焦显微系统为平台,研究了不同浓度的R6G银溶胶的表面增强共振拉曼散射(SERRS)光谱, 结果表明不同浓度溶液中的R6G分子表现出了不同的光谱特性。在浓度为10-13mol·L-1的R6G银溶胶中 得到了R6G单分子的表面增强共振拉曼散射光谱,观察到了一些光谱非均匀变化现象,如谱色散、谱线的 强度起伏、拉曼谱的偏振化以及分子的闪烁等,并对这些现象进行了分析,证明得到的是R6G单分子的 SERRS光谱。文章还对单分子检测中的一些关键问题进行了分析与讨论,确定了单分子SERRS光谱检测的 适当条件。     

4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚的共振散射光谱研究

研究了4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚(PAR)水溶液的共振散射光谱的形成机理与影响因素。在弱酸性溶液中,PAR可产生很强的共振光散射, 散射光谱形状与吸收光谱有关。溶液酸度影响PAR的电离平衡和存在状态,因而影响散射光谱。在pH 3.1～6.2之间,PAR为不带电荷的中性分子,可在疏水力的作用下结合形成分子聚合体,从而导致共振光散射增强。光偏振实验表明PAR的散射光为完全偏振光。在一定实验条件下,光散射强度与PAR浓度之间存在线性关系。     

有自吸收现象时谱线强度与物质浓度的关系

谱线强度(I)与物质浓度(C)之间的定量关系是定量光谱分析的物理基础。由于实际光源中的谱线或多或少地都有自吸收现象,所以在实际情形下,I与C的关系是较为复杂的。本文中应用迁移取样法进行铸铁中的硅的光谱分析,选择了适当的条件,使Si 2516多重谱线系中的Si 2519线在光源中不发生自吸收,因而可以用它的强度代表光源中的物质浓度,同时测定了多重谱线系中发生自吸收最严重的Si 2516线的定标曲线斜度b与物质浓度C的关系(b=klogC+β+1),从而得出I与C的关系式如下:logI=k/2(logC)²+(β+1)logC+α,这里β与α是试验条件下的两个常数;k是b与logI₂₅₁₉的关系直线的斜度。在理想的情形,当谱线没有自吸收时,b=1,k=0,所以logI与logC之间便有直线的关系;当谱线有自吸收时,谱线的强度与物质的浓度有抛物线的关系。这个关系式所描述的与在较大浓度范围内一般实验中所观察的一致。     

Holographic interferometry of liquids at the He-Ne laser wavelength under microwave irradiation

Changes in the optical refractive indices of a number of organic liquids, water, and some biological aqueous solutions exposed to (37.5–78)-GHz electromagnetic radiation have been investigated using a differential holographic interferometer. It is established that irradiation with intensities up to 10 mW/cm² may reduce the refractive index of liquids by ～10^?3 as a result of thermal changes in the dielectric constant of the material studied. The magnitude and dynamics of changes in the refractive index are determined by the irradiation intensity and physical parameters of liquids (dipole moment of molecules, absorption coefficient, permittivity, and temperature coefficient of the refractive index) and are independent (within the experimental error) of the mutual orientation of the polarization unit vectors of the microwave and optical fields.     

Zum Konzept der charakteristischen Intensitäten der Resonanz-Ramanlinien von Azofarbstoffen

The resonance Raman spectra of the solutions of some azobenzene and hydroxyazonaphthalene compounds were investigated. The relative corrected scattering coefficientsS of the lines have been measured. Assuming the existence of a characteristic intensity, the frequency dependence and the influence of data of the long-wavelength electronic absorption band has been discussed. Testing formulas for intensity dependence in this way it has been shown, that they cannot exactly describe resonance Raman intensities, because there is the problem of the “effective” electronic absorption band. This was studied by comparison of the intensities of several azonaphthalene lines, excited by the mercury lines 4358 and 5461 Å.     

光纤中慢光群折射率限定特性研究

粒子在基态和亚稳态之间的振荡会导致探测光吸收的降低,而探测光束在很窄的频率范围内吸收的降低,会使介质的感生折射率在同样范围内迅速变化,从而改变群折射率ng=n(ω)+ωdn/dω。本文利用光纤慢光理论,对不同条件下的群折射率限定和群速度的变化特性展开讨论。群折射率随光纤长度的增加而降低,不同离子浓度的掺铒光纤中慢光的感生群折射率均随调制频率的增加而降低,同时在不同的调制频率条件下,群折射率随入射信号光强度的增大均有一个饱和的过程。     

植物油和动物脂肪在THz波段的吸收和色散

由超短激光脉冲产生的THz脉冲是具有较宽频带的电磁辐射，属于远红外波段，该波段电磁波与物质的相互作用是个崭新的研究领域.文章应用THz光谱技术研究了5种植物油和两种动物脂肪的THz光谱，得到了这些材料在0．2—1．6THz频率范围的折射率和吸收系数.结果表 明，不同种类的油脂具有不同的折射率，其中植物油的折射率随频率的增加而略有降低，其 值在1．46—1．66之间.吸收系数在0．2—1．2THz随频率的增加而增大.动物脂肪的折射率 随频率变化基本不变，并且随温度升高而增大，其值在1．4—1．52之间.吸收系数在0．2— 1．2THz随频率的增加而增大.该研究结果对于THz时域光谱技术应用于生物成像及生物医学 有重要的意义. 关键词： THz光谱技术 折射率 吸收系数 植物油 动物脂肪     

Pressure induced optical absorption and refractive index changes of a shallow hydrogenic impurity in a quantum wire

Pressure induced binding energy of a hydrogenic impurity in an InAs/GaAs quantum wire is investigated. Calculations are performed using Bessel functions as an orthonormal basis within a single band effective mass approximation using variational method. Photoionization cross-section of the hydrogenic impurity in the influence of pressure is studied. The total optical absorption and the refractive index changes as a function of normalized photon energy between the ground and the first excited state in the presence of pressure are analyzed. The optical absorption coefficients and the refractive index changes strongly depend on the incident optical intensity and pressure. The occurred blue shift of the resonant peak due to the pressure gives the information about the variation of two energy levels in the quantum well wire. The optical absorption coefficients and the refractive index changes are strongly dependent on the incident optical intensity and the pressure.     

Nonlinearity in Intensity versus Concentration Dependence for the Deep UV Resonance Raman Spectra of Toluene and Heptane

Abstract: The relation between Raman scattering, resonance Raman scattering, and absorption is reviewed to determine to what extent quantitative analysis can be applied in resonance Raman spectroscopy. In addition, it is demonstrated experimentally that normal Raman spectra can be dramatically inhibited by absorption and resonance Raman effects. Raman spectra of toluene and heptane mixtures—with progressively increasing concentrations of heptane—were measured using 229-nm laser excitation. The results show that the characteristic band intensities are not directly proportional to the relative concentrations of the compounds and deviate due to absorption resonance effects. An approximated mathematical model is developed to demonstrate that the intensities of the normal Raman scattering bands are suppressed. An inhibition coefficient K_i is introduced to describe the situation and determine the penetration depth. Most remarkably, it is shown that the intensity of the resonance Raman scattering bands can be constant even when the concentration ratios differ substantially in the sampled mixtures.     

Dynamics of refractive-index changes and two-beam coupling in resonant media

The dynamics of light-induced change in the refractive index of a resonant medium are examined. For illumination with weak fields, the two relevant relaxation times are T ₁, the population lifetime and T ₂, the dipole-dephasing time. The response time of the index change is determined by the slower relaxation time of the medium which is usually the time T ₁ taken by the excited system to relax back to its thermal equilibrium value. Illumination with two beams of the same frequency that intersect within the medium leads to the formation of a volume grating in the medium that is spatially local. Hence there is no exchange of energy between the beams that write the grating, each beam merely reducing the absorption experienced by the other beam. Illumination with a moving, spatially periodic intensity pattern leads to gain for one beam and additional absorption for the other beam as they propagate through the medium. A complete set of coupled equations describing the intensities and phases of the beams undergoing non-degenerate two-wave mixing in the resonant media is derived using third-order perturbation theory, and the solutions are studied numerically. In particular, the two-beam coupling constant for intensity is shown to depend on the frequency difference between the two beams and on the pressure-induced collisional relaxations in the system.     

Hydrostatic pressure on optical absorption and refractive index changes of a shallow hydrogenic impurity in a GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wire

The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the binding energy of a hydrogenic impurity in a GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wire is discussed. Calculations have been performed using Bessel functions as an orthonormal basis within a single band effective mass approximation. Pressure induced photoionization cross section of the hydrogenic impurity is investigated. The total optical absorption and the refractive index changes as a function of normalized photon energy between the ground and the first excited state in the presence of pressure are analysed. The optical absorption coefficients and the refractive index changes strongly depend on the incident optical intensity and the pressure.     

Exciton optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes in a strained InAs/GaAs quantum wire: The effect of the magnetic field

Magnetic field induced exciton binding energy is investigated in a strained InAs/GaAs quantum wire within the framework of single band effective mass approximation. The strain contribution to the potential is determined through deformation potentials. The interband emission energy of strained InAs/GaAs wire is investigated in the influence of magnetic field with the various structural parameters. Magnetic field induced photoionization cross section of the exciton is studied. The total optical absorption and the refractive index changes as a function of normalized photon energy between the ground and the first excited state in the presence of magnetic field are analyzed. The optical absorption coefficients and the refractive index changes strongly depend on the incident optical intensity and the magnetic field. The occurred blueshift of the resonant peak due to the magnetic field will give the information about the variation of two energy levels in the quantum well wire. The optical absorption coefficients and the refractive index changes are strongly dependent on the incident optical intensity and the magnetic field.     

Complex concentration dependence of SERS and UV–Vis absorption of glycine/Ag‐substrates because of glycine‐mediated Ag‐nanostructure modifications

Complex concentration‐dependence of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and UV–Vis absorption of Ag‐nanoparticles (AgNPs) mixed with Gly has been observed. Surprisingly, with decreasing Gly concentration, a new band in UV–Vis absorption of AgNPs/Gly mixtures is found to red‐shift with increasing intensity, until a turning point at a critical concentration. Further diluting Gly, the new band blue‐shifts with decreasing intensity. Similarly, the SERS intensities of Gly bands at 615 and 905 cm^–1 consistently increase with decreasing Gly concentrations, reaching maxima at the critical concentration. This agrees consistently with the variation in position and intensity of the new developing plasmon absorption band. Interestingly, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed Gly‐induced modifications of AgNPs, including a reassembling and increasing aspect ratio with deceasing Gly concentration. The concentration‐dependent behavior of UV–Vis absorption, SERS, and TEM of AgNPs/Gly mixtures could be due to the complex nature of Gly‐AgNPs interaction depending on the molecular density, as supported by TEM images. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.