从J.H.Schn的科学不端行为探讨防范对策

20世纪末和21世纪初世界科学行为的上空出现了三朵乌云,第一朵是科学前沿的原创活动中出现了实验数据的作假和虚构现象,严格地说出现了行为严重的科学不端事件;第二朵是一般科技研究人员中产生了为数不算少的范围不同的抄袭甚至剽窃的严重问题;第三朵是在研究生的习作和学位论文中出现了将互联网上的信息、资料和国内外披露或发表的论文片断予以摘引、拼凑或连接而构成"论文"的屡见不鲜的情况.这些利用信息技术和设施发展不平衡的背景,以授其奸的科学不端行为,严重违犯了国际科学界长期形成的周知科学准则和科学精神,引起了舆论的普遍贬斥和指责.文章仅就普世关注的、关系到近年来世界科学发展和影响最大的事件--舍恩(J. Hendrick Schn)博士的不端科学行为,作为一个案例予以分析."麻雀虽小,五脏俱全",通过这个分析可以从中得出一些对科学不端行为的防范和决策等有益的启示.     

从J.H.Schn的科学不端行为探讨防范对策

20世纪末和 2 1世纪初世界科学行为的上空出现了三朵乌云 ,第一朵是科学前沿的原创活动中出现了实验数据的作假和虚构现象 ,严格地说出现了行为严重的科学不端事件 ;第二朵是一般科技研究人员中产生了为数不算少的范围不同的抄袭甚至剽窃的严重问题 ;第三朵是在研究生的习作和学位论文中出现了将互联网上的信息、资料和国内外披露或发表的论文片断予以摘引、拼凑或连接而构成“论文”的屡见不鲜的情况 .这些利用信息技术和设施发展不平衡的背景 ,以授其奸的科学不端行为 ,严重违犯了国际科学界长期形成的周知科学准则和科学精神 ,引起了舆论的普遍贬斥和指责 .文章仅就普世关注的、关系到近年来世界科学发展和影响最大的事件———舍恩 (J.HendrickSch n)博士的不端科学行为 ,作为一个案例予以分析 .“麻雀虽小 ,五脏俱全” ,通过这个分析可以从中得出一些对科学不端行为的防范和决策等有益的启示 .     

从J．H．Schōn的科学不端行为探讨防范对策

20世纪末和21世纪初世界科学行为的上空出现了三朵乌云，第一朵是科学前沿的原创活动中出现了实验数据的作假和虚构现象，严格地说出现了行为严重的科学不端事件；第二朵是一般科技研究人员中产生了为数不算少的范围不同的抄袭甚至剽窃的严重问题；第三朵是在研究生的习作和学位论文中出现了将互联网上的信息、资料和国内外披露或发表的论文片断予以摘引、拼凑或连接而构成“论文”的屡见不鲜的情况．这些利用信息技术和设施发展不平衡的背景，以授其奸的科学不端行为，严重违犯了国际科学界长期形成的周知科学准则和科学精神，引起了舆论的普遍贬斥和指责．文章仅就普世关注的、关系到近年来世界科学发展和影响最大的事件——舍恩(J．Hendrick Schōn)博士的不端科学行为，作为一个案例予以分析．“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”，通过这个分析可以从中得出一些对科学不端行为的防范和决策等有益的启示．     

Comment on paper “the bulk modulus and Poisson's ratio of “incompressible” materials” by P.H. Mott, J.R. Dorgan, C.M. Roland

A widespread error related to Poisson's ratio and its limiting value 0.5 provokes complex explanations of fully coherent experimental data.     

Calculated spin-spin coupling surfaces in the water molecule; prediction and analysis of J (O,H), J (O,D) and J (H,D) in water isotopomers

Ab initio symmetry and internal valence coordinate oxygen–proton and proton–proton spin–spin coupling surfaces for the water molecule have been computed for the first time. Calculations have been performed at the SOPPA (CCSD) level using a large basis set and a grid of forty-nine geometries on the two surfaces. Equilibrium values differ significantly from some other calculated values especially for the Fermi contact terms. The bond length dependence of J(O, H) is ‘normal’ i.e. J(O, H₁) is much more sensitive to stretching the O–H₁ bond than the O–H₂ bond. This contrasts greatly with the corresponding situation in methane.

The surfaces have been averaged over the nuclear motion using a recent highly accurate force field to give values of J (O, H) and J (O, D) for H₂ ¹⁷O, HD¹⁷O and D₂ ¹⁷O and J(H, D) for HD¹⁶O, HD¹⁷O and HD¹⁸O over a range of temperatures. For J (O, H) and J (O, D) bond stretching at first order is the dominant part of the nuclear motion correction with second order bending making an important contribution. For J (H, D) the second order bending is by far the largest contribution to the nuclear motion corrections although the other terms partially cancel this contribution. Non-additivity can be largely attributed to the bending term for J (O, H). As expected, the bending terms also contribute relatively more to the temperature dependence of the couplings for J (O, H), J (O, D) and J (H, D). Our calculated J (O, H) in H₂ ¹⁷O of -77.22Hz at 293K is in very good agreement with Wasylishen and Friedrich's observed value of -78.70 (±0.02) Hz in cyclohexane at this temperature. Our calculated J(H, D) in HD ¹⁶O at 323K of -1.233Hz is close to a recent experimental value of -1.114 (±0.003) Hz in nitromethane-d ₃ observed by Sergeyev et al. at that temperature.     

Comment on ‘Step structure of vicinal Ge(001) surfaces’ by B.A.G. Kersten, H.J.W. Zandvliet, D.H.A. Blank and A. van Silfhout

We have investigated detailed structures of monatomic steps on Ge(001) at room temperature by using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy. Our conclusions are different from those of Kersten et al. [Surf. Sci. 322 (1995) 1] for the same system. The most crucial difference is that we have not observed the nonbonded SB step. We have pointed out a possible reason for the different conclusions.     

Comment on "The properties of free polymer surfaces and their influence on the glass transition temperature of thin polystyrene films" by J.S. Sharp, J.H. Teichroeb and J.A. Forrest

Sharp, Teichroeb and Forrest [J.S. Sharp, J.H. Teichroeb, J.A. Forrest, Eur. Phys. J. E 15, 473 (2004)] recently published a viscoelastic contact mechanics analysis of the embedment of gold nanospheres into a polystyrene (PS) surface. In the present comment, we investigate the viscoelastic response of the surface and conclude that the embedment experiments do not support the hypothesis of a liquid surface layer of sufficiently reduced "rheological temperature" to explain reports of very large reductions in the glass temperature of freely standing ultrathin polystyrene films. We also report some errors and discrepancies in the paper under comment that resulted in an inability to reproduce the reported calculations. We present our findings of error in a spirit of clarifying the problem of embedment of spheres into surfaces and in order that others can understand why they may not reproduce the results reported by Sharp, Teichroeb and Forrest. In the comment, we also examine the effects of the magnitude of the forces that result from the polymer surface-nanosphere particle interactions on the viscoelastic properties deduced from the embedment data and we provide a comparison of apparent surface or "rheological" temperature vs. experimental temperature that indicates further work needs to be performed to fully understand the surface embedment experiments. Finally, we comment that the nanosphere embedment measurements have potential as a powerful tool to determine surface viscoelastic properties.