进口导叶／叶轮／扩压器非定常相干的数值与实验研究

在不同进口导叶预旋角度下,采用非定常的方法对进口导叶/叶轮/扩压器三部件之间非定常相干进行了数值与实验研究,探讨了三部件之间动静相干的机理.结果表明,在进口导叶/叶轮/扩压器三部件相干时,最大的脉动压力出现在叶轮和扩压器之间的动静交界面上.当进口导叶预旋角度存在时,叶轮与扩压器之间无叶区内的非定常流动以叶轮叶片通过频率和1/2叶片通过频率为基频;而当扩压器进口安装角增大时,径向间隙内的流动则主要以1/2叶片通过频率为基频.在不同的配置下,湍流强度和非定常度均有朝向轮盘增加的趋势.在进口导叶正预旋60°同扩压器进口安装角为17°时的配置有增大湍流强度和非定常度的趋势.     

离心压气机叶片扩压器的不稳定流动特征

本文用高频响应的热线风速仪及压力传感器作为测量仪器,与磁带记录仪及CF-920动态信号分析仪一起,组成测量及分析系统,并用该系统对离心压气机带叶片扩压器时的流动脉动进行了测量,得出了流体脉动的时间和空间特征.文中给出了失速波形及失速参数随流量的详细变化.本文装置上产生三团失速,流量减小过程中。失速团以2.2%～7%的叶轮转动速度旋转.转速变化时,失速现象的演变过程并不发生变化.失速时,叶片扩压器前缘附近的流动最为恶化,流体脉动幅度较大,气流角的变化剧烈.     

离心叶轮机械内部流动的研究进展

随着测量技术及数值算法的不断进步,叶轮机械内部流动研究有了很多新的进展.本文就半个世纪以来离心叶轮机械内部流动的实验及数值模拟研究进行了评述,根据作者掌握的文献,着重在以下几方面展开综述:叶轮内部流动、叶顶间隙泄漏流动、扩压器内部流动及叶轮与扩压器相互作用的非稳态流动等等.文中分别阐述了国内外学者在上述流动研究方面的主要成果,指出了这些研究的特点及其不足,分析了我国在这些领域与国际水平的差距,并结合作者自己的研究工作对离心叶轮机械内流研究提出了建议.      

离心压缩机径向吸气室的流动损失分析和改进设计

为提高在径向吸气务件下的离心压缩机性能,在吸气室内采用分流叶片方法控制径向吸气导致的畸变流动.结果表明,分流叶片虽然增加了吸气室内的流动损失,但是能够降低叶轮进口进气畸变,改善叶轮叶片受力分布及提高压缩机级的性能.在此基础上,进一步通过改进分流叶片叶型而减小流动分离损失,提高了压缩机的级性能.     

含分流叶片的离心压缩机级内三维流场数值分析

使用Fine/Turbo三维粘性计算程序对含分流叶片半开式叶轮的离心压缩机级内三维粘性流场进行数值分析.该程序应用Jameson的中心差分格式结合Yang&Shih k-ε湍流模型,使用时间推进法求解雷诺平均N-S方程,用四阶显式Runge-Kutta法进行时间推进.计算中CFL数取2.5,残差收敛至10-4数量级、计算域进出口质量流量误差小于0.05%时认为收敛.并为进一步的产品优化设计及改进研究打下基础.计算结果表明该模级的数值模拟曲线与实验值吻合良好;叶轮出口截面上两个通道的速度分布极不均匀,右通道的速度比左通道的变化剧烈.为了加快收敛,计算时采用了隐式残差平均法及完全多重网格技术.     

离心压气机的堵塞与喘振

本文在离心压气机试验工作基础上对堵塞与喘振现象进行了分析,介绍了计算叶片扩压器与叶轮堵塞流量的方法以及设计中导风轮进口喉部面积与叶片扩压器喉部面积应保持的正确比例。计算结果与试验数据进行比较获得了较好的一致性。本文还介绍了叶片扩压器与叶轮流道静压分布的测量结果,并结合试验现象运用边界层概念对离心压气机喘振问题进行了分析。      

离心式压缩机扩压器叶片不稳定脉动力分析及其辐射噪声研究

根据薄机翼理论，本文推导出在周期性阵风作用下扩压器环形叶棚叶片上不稳定脉动力计算公式，并可分析离心压缩机几何及气动参数对不稳定力的影响，利用调制理论，建立了一个可用于预测离心压缩机叶轮尾迹与叶片扩压器相互作用而导致的辐射声功率，给出其谐波及宽噪声的计算公式，计算与试验结果吻合很好。     

小型高速离心压气机级内部的三维流场分析

利用三维数值模拟技术对微型燃气轮机中的离心压气机部分进行了数值分析,得到了离心压气机设计转速下的级特性曲线和各通流部件中的流动情况。数值分析表明:设计转速下压气机的级特性非常陡峭;整个特性线范围内离心叶轮基本在亚音速情况下工作,而径向扩压器是在跨音速条件下工作,离心压气机整机的最大流量是由径向扩压器的喉部面积决定的;离心压气机级内部各通流部件之间流动的相互干扰是引起流动分离的重要原因,各通流部件之间流动的相互匹配和协调将决定了离心压气机整机的性能和稳定性。     

离心压气机工作特性及内部流动的试验研究

本文在总结试验工作的基础上,讨论了离心压气机发生堵塞、喘振的现象及压气机特性曲线上高效区所在位置等问题;介绍了叶轮后的无叶扩压段及叶片扩压器中静压分布的测量结果;提出了叶片扩压器的简化流动模型。      

绕栅中水翼空化流动的数值和实验研究

采用数值计算和实验研究的方法研究了绕水翼和栅中水翼的非定常空化流动. 实验采用高速录像技术分别观察了绕水翼和栅中水翼云状空化形态随时间的变化, 测量了升阻力, 并对测量数据进行了频率分析. 计算时空化模型选用了能比较准确描述旋涡空化非定常特性的Kubota模型, 湍流模型采用能准确捕捉流场非定常特性的FBM模型. 计算模型的可靠性用实验结果进行验证. 结果表明, 计算与实验的结果基本一致, 相比绕单个水翼的空化流动, 绕栅中水翼的空穴厚度比较薄, 翼型近壁处的逆压梯度较小, 反向射流的速度较小, 且水汽混合区速度梯度较小, 空穴的脱落周期变长, 平均升阻力系数较小      

Application of particle image velocimetry to a transonic centrifugal compressor

As part of an ongoing research project the performance and internal flow field of a high-pressure ratio centrifugal compressor is being investigated. Based on previous, primarily, point-wise laser-optical measurements the compressor was redesigned and resulted in an improved impeller and diffuser with a single-stage pressure ratio of 6:1 at 50,000 rpm. Current research activities involve the use of particle image velocimetry (PIV) to analyze and further improve the understanding of the complex flow phenomena inside the vaned diffuser given the capability of PIV of capturing spatial structures. The study includes phase-resolved measurements of the flow inside a diffuser vane passage with respect to the impeller blade position. Both, instantaneous and phase-averaged velocity fields are presented. The flow field results obtained by PIV are to be used for future validation of the related CFD calculations, which in turn are expected to lead to further improvements in compressor performance. In addition, the potential of stereo PIV for this type of turbomachinery application could be successfully demonstrated.     

Unsteady influence of Self Recirculation Casing Treatment (SRCT) on high pressure ratio centrifugal compressor

Self-Recirculation-Casing-Treatment (SRCT) is a widely employed method to enhance aerodynamic stability of a centrifugal compressor. This paper investigated unsteady effects of SRCT on the flow in a transonic centrifugal compressor via numerical method validated by experimental test. Firstly the static pressure distribution in the compressor without SRCT is measured for information of boundary conditions as well as validation. Then a 1-D unsteady model of a single passage is built and validated based on the experimental results. Next, the 1-D model of a passage with SRCT is built to investigate the unsteady influence of the SRCT on the flow in the passage. Finally 3-D unsteady CFD is employed to investigate the detailed influence of SRCT on the flow field in impeller passages. Results show that the topology of the passage with SRCT can remarkably damp the distortion propagating from downstream, hence depress the magnitude of the inlet flow distortion. Furthermore, the width of the rear slot in SRCT is the key factor for the damping effect. The 3-D simulation results further show that the fluctuations of the re-circulated flow rate via the front slot is depressed by the SRCT which is attributed to the damping effect of its configuration.     

采用不同黏性处理方法的宽无叶扩压器不稳定流动研究

径向无叶扩压器的全局稳定性可能受到核心主流失稳,出口回流与壁面边界层分离等因素影响,对于宽无叶扩压器,无黏核心主流与壁面边界层流动对不稳定扰动诱发的作用机理是当前研究的重点.本文首先通过数值计算获得了大宽度比孤立无叶扩压器平均流动,然后基于小扰动理论和周向均质假设,分别对欧拉方程与 Navier-Stokes 方程进行线性化,建立了基于无黏核心流动的稳定性分析方法,以及基于涡黏性与分子黏性的混合稳定性分析方法;通过与实验结果的对比,验证了混合稳定性分析方法预测所得流动失稳频率和全局直接模态的准确性;最后基于伴随方法获得了特征值的结构敏感性,揭示了不同黏性处理条件下宽无叶扩压器内全局不失稳扰动的源发区域.在只考虑核心主流的无黏条件下,宽无叶扩压器内流动不稳定扰动来源于流场中部,为二维的离心失稳;在同时考虑核心主流与边界层的作用时,宽无叶扩压器不稳定扰动不仅来源于扩压器流场中部的核心主流,壁面回流对于不稳定扰动的产生了重要影响.      

Measurements in the vaneless diffuser of a radial flow compressor

Results from an experimental study of flow behaviour at the inlet of a vaneless diffuser of a centrifugal compressor are presented. Measurements from a crossed hot-wire probe are given for operating points having inlet flow coefficients ranging from 0.006 to 0.019 at different Reynolds numbers. Instantaneous, time-averaged, and phase-averaged absolute velocity and flow angle at the diffuser inlet are deduced from the hot-wire signals after correction for mean density variations. These results show how flow behaviour varies in stable, rotating stall and surge regimes of compressor operation     

涡轮增压器离心压气机非稳态工况流场分析

利用商用 CFD 软件对一小型车用离心压气机建立了数值模型,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比:稳态的设计转速最高压比相差不超过 0.5%,最高效率相差不超过1.5%;非稳态模拟和实验得到的失速频率均为 3000Hz,模拟结果真实可信.主要利用设计转速下小流量工况时的非稳态数值模拟结果对喘振发生前离心压气机各部件的非稳态流动特点进行了详尽阐述.研究结果表明:小流量工况时离心压气机各部件均出现非稳态流动现象,这种非稳态效应在各部件中表现出不同的特点,且随着流量的减小这种非稳态效应会不断加剧.     

离心叶轮气动声场的数值计算与分析

采用SIMPLEC算法对Ghost叶轮的三维非定常流场进行了数值模拟。利用计算所得流场结果并结合Lighthill和Lowson声学方程计算了由叶片表面非定常脉动力产生的气动噪声。计算结果表明:气动噪声的峰值主要集中在基频及其谐波附近;与静止的点声源相比,运动的点声源不仅使声场存在明显的多普勒效应,还会使声场的强度产生较大的变化;但对转速恒定的旋转点声源,加速度的变化对声场的影响可以忽略;从声场的分布来看,整个旋转叶轮可以看成是一个按简谐变化的偶极子源,数值计算结果与理论分析的结果吻合良好。     

Flow visualization in a laboratory vaned diffuser

An experimental model of a vaned diffuser with rectangular flow cross-sections was constructed of clear plastic for flow visualization studies. A swirl generator was used to induce fluid rotation without subjecting the diffuser to any unsteady and irregular impeller flow phenomena. The blades were of a thin circular arc shape. The clear plastic construction allowed large-scale flow visualization with tufts attached to the diffuser wall and dye injected into the separation regions. Four conditions were tested: a vaneless, a four-vaned, a six-vaned, and eight-vaned diffuser. Each test was conducted at an average Reynolds number of 20 000, based on passage thickness. In the absence of diffuser blades the flow angle was not radially constant, as a result of the viscous effects, varying as much as 11° from the ideal 16°. With four blades installed, separation began at 23% of the blade length from the leading tip. At the peak development of the separation regions 34% of the flow area was blocked. Separation began at 27% from the leading edge when six blades were used. Finally, with eight blades in place, separation began at 50% of the blade length from the leading tip; at the peak development of the separation regions 64% of the flow area was blocked.